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  • Authors: Boulon, Loïc;

    Cette modélisation présente la partie de contrôle d'une pile à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons (PEMFC). L'objectif du modèle de représenter la chaîne de contrôle de la tension de la PEMFC. Ce modèle est basé sur une représentation macroscopique énergétique (REM) de la pile à combustible, puis conduit à une structure dite de contrôle maximal (SCM). La SCM est une inversion étape par étape de la REM (structure de contrôle basée sur un modèle d'inversion). Le processus de conception de la commande est basé sur une définition explicite du problème. Par exemple, les entrées de réglage, les objectifs du système ou les contraintes sont mises en évidence pour organiser la commande. De plus, le SMC montre les endroits où les capteurs sont nécessaires et où les contrôleurs sont requis. Malheureusement, le SCM n'est qu'une structure de contrôle théorique. Par conséquent, une structure réaliste nécessite certaines simplifications, ce qui conduit à une structure de contrôle dite pratique. This modeling presents the control part of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The objective of the model is to represent the voltage control chain of the PEMFC. This model is based on an energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) of the fuel cell and then leads to a so-called maximum control structure (MCS). The SCM is a step-by-step inversion of the REM (control structure based on an inversion model). The control design process is based on an explicit problem definition. For example, control inputs, system objectives, or constraints are highlighted to organize the control. In addition, the MSC shows where sensors are needed and where controllers are required. Unfortunately, the SCM is only a theoretical control structure. Therefore, a realistic structure requires some simplifications, which leads to a so-called practical control structure. AdditionnalInformation: Modèle créé lors d'une thèse en génie électrique, par Loïc Boulon (ses recherches portent sur la modélisation et le contrôle des véhicules électriques hybrides, des sources d'énergie et d'énergie et de puissance, et des systèmes de piles à combustible). Il a travaillé en vue de l'obtention du diplôme de doctorat à l'Université de Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, où sa thèse de doctorat a été réalisée en collaboration avec le FEMTO-ST, Belfort, et les Laboratoires L2EP, Lille. Co-encadrement par Daniel Hissel (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST), Alain Bouscayrol (PU au laboratoire L2EP) et Marie-Célie Péra (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST) AdditionnalInformation: Model created during a thesis in electrical engineering, by Loïc Boulon (his research focuses on the modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles, energy and power sources, and fuel cell systems). He worked towards his Ph.D. degree at the University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, where his dissertation was complet in collaboration with the FEMTO-ST, Belfort, and the L2EP Laboratories, Lille. Co-supervision by Daniel Hissel (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory), Alain Bouscayrol (PU at L2EP laboratory) and Marie-Célie Péra (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory) Données computationnelles ou de simulation: - Langage de programmation : Langage Matlab - Plate-forme/OS : Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version : MATLAB R2018a - Statut de développement : Actif Simulation or computational data: - Programming language: Matlab language - Platform/OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version: MATLAB R2018a - Development status: Active Project: Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique - Loïc Boulon, Contrat doctoral (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Audience: Research

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Helferich, Marvin; Preuß, Sabine; +1 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: de Gavelle, Erwan;

    In Western countries, the consumption of animal protein, which is the predominant protein source, has been decreasing over the last decade. This consumption has been negatively associated with different sustainability parameters in the majority of cases, and studies modelling sustainable diets have shown that the different parameters are not always compatible. Diets that significantly improve different sustainability parameters have been modelled, but the consideration of cultural acceptability is insufficient and requires further investigation. The objective of this thesis was to model acceptable trajectories of rearrangement of protein source consumption to increase nutritional adequacy and to evaluate its impacts on sustainability. The study of protein source consumption in France led to the conclusion that protein intake is adequate for the entire population, but that there are different profiles of protein intake characterized by different levels of nutritional security. A study conducted in 2018 found that meat consumption levels were predicted by attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control related to the reduction of meat consumption. For the stepwise dietary modelling study, it was considered acceptable for an individual to consume a new food if it was widely consumed by individuals with a similar profile of protein intake. This hypothesis was validated by a survey conducted in 2018. The modelling work identified that some dietary recommendations were effective for the general population, but others were specific to certain profiles of protein intake characterized by specific nutritional profiles and food repertoires. Finally, models have identified that systematically targeting more plant proteins during the first dietary modifications allows, despite a slightly lower nutritional adequacy, to obtain better sustainability parameters.; Dans les pays occidentaux, la consommation de protéines animales, majoritaire, diminue depuis une décennie. Elle est, dans la majorité des cas, associée négativement à différents paramètres de durabilité, et les études modélisant des régimes durables ont montré que les différents paramètres n’étaient pas toujours compatibles. Des régimes améliorant largement différents paramètres de durabilité ont été modélisés, mais la prise en compte de l’acceptabilité culturelle est insuffisante et nécessite des approfondissements. L’objectif de cette thèse était de modéliser des trajectoires acceptables de réarrangement de la consommation de sources protéiques pour augmenter l’adéquation nutritionnelle et d’en évaluer les impacts sur la durabilité. L’étude des consommations de sources de protéines en France a permis de conclure que les apports en protéines sont adéquats pour l’ensemble de la population, mais qu’il existe différents profils de consommation protéique, caractérisés par des niveaux de sécurité nutritionnelle différents. Une étude réalisée en 2018 a permis d’établir que les niveaux de consommation de viande étaient prédits par les attitudes, les normes sociales, et l’auto-efficacité perçue vis-à-vis de la réduction de la consommation de viande. Pour les travaux de modélisation pas-à-pas de l’alimentation, il a été considéré acceptable pour un individu de consommer un nouvel aliment, si celui-ci était largement consommé par des individus au profil de consommation protéique similaire. Cette hypothèse a été validée par une enquête en 2018. Les travaux de modélisation ont permis d’identifier que certaines recommandations alimentaires étaient efficaces pour l’ensemble de la population, mais que d’autres étaient spécifiques à certains profils de consommation protéique, caractérisés par des profils nutritionnels et des répertoires alimentaires spécifiques. Enfin, des modèles ont permis d’identifier que viser systématiquement plus de protéines végétales lors des premières modifications diététiques permet, malgré une adéquation nutritionnelle légèrement plus faible, d’obtenir de meilleurs paramètres de durabilité.

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    Authors: Robert, F.; Meslin, E.; Mary, L.; Manceau, R.; +3 Authors

    La méthode DEXi-Pépi a été développée afin d’avoir une approche globale d’amélioration environnementale, économique et sociale des systèmes de culture hors sol de pépinière. Cette méthode, adaptée du modèle DEXiPM®, est un modèle hiérarchique multicritère et qualitatif qui comporte 89 critères d’entrée : (i) 56 critères dépendants du système de culture, (ii) 23 critères liés au contexte et dépendant du système et (iii) 10 critères liés au contexte et indépendant du système. Plusieurs critères sont redondants dans l’évaluation (26). Le nombre de critère d’entrée par pilier de la durabilité est déséquilibré, reflétant en partie le déséquilibre des connaissances sur certains piliers. Le modèle DEXi-Pépi est un prototype qui est amené à évoluer au fur et à mesure des utilisations et en fonction des attentes des utilisateurs. The DEXi-Pépi method was developed in order to have a global approach for improving aboveground nursery culture systems. This method, adapted from DEXiPM® model, is a hierarchical multi-criteria and qualitative model that includes 89 entry criteria: (i) 56 criteria dependent of the culture system, (ii) 23 criteria linked to the context and system-dependent and (iii) 10 criteria linked to the context and independent of the system. Several criteria are redundant in the assessment (26). The number of entry criteria for each pillar of sustainability is unbalanced, partly reflecting the imbalance of knowledge on some pillars. The DEXi-Pépi model is a prototype that will evolve as the use increases and according to the users’ expectations.

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    ProdInra
    Article . 2017
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: ProdInra
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      ProdInra
      Article . 2017
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  • Authors: Bertrand, François; Petit, Sandrine; Vergote, Marie-Hélène; Brayer, Jean-Marc;

    International audience ; How can local collectives for water governance appropriate the issues of adaptation to water resources modified by climate change? The “Climate workshops” held on two territories in Burgundy were observed. Referring to the methods of «territorial design», they gathered local actors and researchers to introduce a collective debate on the adaptation of the water management according to the climate change effects. They represented an unusual participation time, compared to Local Water Commissions which are, in France, the institutional framework of the local water governance. The adoption of an interpretative mode allowed knowledge circulation and hybridization between scientists and local stakeholders. This action-research provides lessons on ways of establishing a dialogue among scientists and non-scientists, the implementation of territorial design methods to deal with uncertainty and a better understanding of representations of adaptation for water management. ; Comment des collectifs locaux de gouvernance de l’eau peuvent-ils s’approprier les questions d’adaptation à une ressource perturbée par le changement climatique ? Des « ateliers du climat », organisés sur deux territoires en Bourgogne ont été observés. Se référant aux méthodes de « design territorial », ils ont réuni acteurs locaux et chercheurs afin d’initier une réflexion collective sur l’adaptation de la gestion de l’eau aux effets du changement climatique. Ils ont représenté un exercice de participation décalé par rapport aux Commissions Locales de l’Eau qui constituent le cadre institutionnel de la gouvernance locale de l’eau. L’adoption d’un mode interprétatif a permis une circulation et une hybridation des savoirs entre scientifiques et profanes. Cette recherche-action apporte des enseignements sur les conditions du dialogue entre scientifiques et acteurs, l’intérêt des méthodes de design territorial pour traiter des incertitudes et sur les conceptions de l’adaptation de la gestion de l’eau.

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  • Authors: CIFOR-ICRAF;

    L’objectif général est d’améliorer la résilience climatique des populations du Nord et l’Extrême Nord du Cameroun. L’objectif spécifique est d’augmenter durablement la productivité agro-pastorale et les revenus des ménages ruraux et de réduire leur vulnérabilité au vu des enjeux climatiques.

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  • Authors: Baccar Ben Lamine, Mariem;

    Agriculture based on the massive use of non-renewable resources and the intensification of production systems show its limits, which question this development path. Yet this agricultural model has been developed in the Saïs plain, particularly in family farms. This development has resulted in the development of income-generating sectors that are intensively managed, with few technical supports. This dynamic has led to a groundwater overexploitation and pollution, and price fluctuations of agricultural products. The sustainability of family farms is questioned, especially since Moroccan agricultural policy encourages an intensive development path. This issue has been studied based on three sub-questions, each addressing the sustainability of family farms from a different perspective. These sub-questions were investigated thanks to a sample of 40 farms, chosen for their diversity of production systems. We used different tools for the data analysis.The first sub-question dealt with the sustainability of farms related to their evolving dynamics over the past 60 years. Seven pathways were identified based on several internal and external drivers. These pathways have resulted currently in three main farm types, differing in their production activities. T1 includes farms close to the original traditional system, based on land without a groundwater access; T2 gather farms cultivating a diversity of irrigated productions; T3 gather specialized farms.The second sub-question aims to evaluate the sustainability of family farms and to formalize its determinants, by mobilizing a research viewpoint. This analysis was based on a sustainability assessment tool (IDEA), adapted to the context of Saïs. Environmental sustainability depends on the diversification of activities and farm autonomy degree; socio-territorial sustainability is linked to the degree of farmer involvement in the territorial dynamics; and economic sustainability depends on the production system and the farm’ structural factors. However, general trend shows an ...

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  • Authors: Aoun, Youva;

    This thesis deals with a methodology to assess the capabilities of future spaceborne instruments. The case study is the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) of the future Meteosat Third Generation Imaging mission (MTG - I), and in particular its ability to detect variations in load of desert aerosols in a realistically variable atmosphere. A better understanding of the behavior of these aerosols is part of regularly expressed needs for the study of the climate, weather forecast or assessment of the solar resource in arid areas such as the Sahara. This type of aerosols is abundant in the atmosphere. Their physical and chemical properties make them distinguishable from other types of aerosols such as those resulting from anthropogenic pollution, especially as they are emitted in areas protected from contamination by these other types. They therefore represent a simple case study to validate the methodology developed in this thesis.The methodology is to provide a simulator of the view of the instrument to perform a large number of simulations of the radiance measured under different atmospheric conditions and ground albedo, to analyze the results in order to quantify the influence of each variable in the variation of radiance, and then conclude on the capabilities of detection through a test of detectability taking into account the characteristics of the instrument.The developed simulator was validated by comparison against actual measurements of the SEVIRI instruments onboard Meteosat Second Generation satellites. The main innovation lies in the use of the global sensitivity analysis approach (GSA). The latter quantifies the influence of each variable separately as well as their crossed terms. Cumulative distribution functions were computed from actual observations and allow a realistic sensitivity analysis of the instrument. The GSA is also used to compute functional representation of the influence of one or more variables on the variability of the observed signal. The usefulness of such representations is discussed ...

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  • Authors: Tomczak, Ivan;

    Neutron stars are at the origin of some of the most extreme phenomena in the universe because of their ultra-intense electromagnetic fields accelerating the surrounding particles to ultra-relativistic speeds. To better understand these stars, different models have been developed but all have limitations, that is why "particles in cells" numerical simulations have been performed by various teams, but using algorithms not well suited to intense fields, implying a scaling and velocities of particles well below reality.In this thesis, to overcome the limitations of other algorithms, we have developed a code based on successive analytical solutions to the equation of motion of a particle in constant fields (with and without radiation reaction). We have injected up to 8192 test particles around neutron stars, in the Deutsch field, and studied their velocities and positions. The code is functional, shows expected results and demonstrates the importance of the radiation reaction but is limited by the absence of interaction between particles. ; Les étoiles à neutrons sont à l’origine de phénomènes parmis les plus extrêmes de l’univers en raison de leurs champs électromagnétiques ultra-intenses accélérant les particules alentours à des vitesses ultra relativistes. Pour mieux comprendre ces astres, différents modèles ont été élaborés mais tous ont des limites, c’est pourquoi des simulations numériques «particles in cells» ont été réalisées par diverses équipes, mais en utilisant des algorithmes peu adaptés aux champs intenses, impliquant un scaling et des vitesses de particules bien en dessous de la réalité.Dans cette thèse, pour dépasser les limites des autres algorithmes, nous avons développé un code basé sur des solutions analytiques successives à l’équation du mouvement d’une particule en champs constants (avec et sans réaction de rayonnement). Nous avons injecté jusqu’à 8192 particules test autours d’étoiles à neutrons, dans le champ de Deutsch, et avons étudié leurs vitesses et leurs positions. Le code est ...

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  • Authors: Morando, Simon; Pahon, Élodie; Pahon, Élodie;

    Le projet PHM-PAC vise principalement le développement de méthodes intelligentes de détection, diagnostic et pronostic des défaillances de piles à combustibles. Ce projet doit permettre l'optimisation des performances des systèmes pile à combustible ainsi qu'une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes électrochimiques en affectant la durabilité. The PHM-PAC project is mainly aimed at developing intelligent methods for the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of fuel cell failures. This project should allow the optimization of the performance of fuel cell systems as well as a better understanding of the electrochemical phenomena affecting the durability. Données expérimentales: 2 800 heures de fonctionnement à charge constante sur une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons d'une puissance de 500W Experimental data: 2,800 hours of operation at constant load on a 500W proton exchange membrane fuel cell Project: PHM PAC, Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Audience: University: master, Research, University: licence Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Label: Plateforme UBFC (Plateforme UBFC) UpdatePeriodicity: no update

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  • Authors: Boulon, Loïc;

    Cette modélisation présente la partie de contrôle d'une pile à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons (PEMFC). L'objectif du modèle de représenter la chaîne de contrôle de la tension de la PEMFC. Ce modèle est basé sur une représentation macroscopique énergétique (REM) de la pile à combustible, puis conduit à une structure dite de contrôle maximal (SCM). La SCM est une inversion étape par étape de la REM (structure de contrôle basée sur un modèle d'inversion). Le processus de conception de la commande est basé sur une définition explicite du problème. Par exemple, les entrées de réglage, les objectifs du système ou les contraintes sont mises en évidence pour organiser la commande. De plus, le SMC montre les endroits où les capteurs sont nécessaires et où les contrôleurs sont requis. Malheureusement, le SCM n'est qu'une structure de contrôle théorique. Par conséquent, une structure réaliste nécessite certaines simplifications, ce qui conduit à une structure de contrôle dite pratique. This modeling presents the control part of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The objective of the model is to represent the voltage control chain of the PEMFC. This model is based on an energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) of the fuel cell and then leads to a so-called maximum control structure (MCS). The SCM is a step-by-step inversion of the REM (control structure based on an inversion model). The control design process is based on an explicit problem definition. For example, control inputs, system objectives, or constraints are highlighted to organize the control. In addition, the MSC shows where sensors are needed and where controllers are required. Unfortunately, the SCM is only a theoretical control structure. Therefore, a realistic structure requires some simplifications, which leads to a so-called practical control structure. AdditionnalInformation: Modèle créé lors d'une thèse en génie électrique, par Loïc Boulon (ses recherches portent sur la modélisation et le contrôle des véhicules électriques hybrides, des sources d'énergie et d'énergie et de puissance, et des systèmes de piles à combustible). Il a travaillé en vue de l'obtention du diplôme de doctorat à l'Université de Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, où sa thèse de doctorat a été réalisée en collaboration avec le FEMTO-ST, Belfort, et les Laboratoires L2EP, Lille. Co-encadrement par Daniel Hissel (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST), Alain Bouscayrol (PU au laboratoire L2EP) et Marie-Célie Péra (PU au laboratoire FEMTO-ST) AdditionnalInformation: Model created during a thesis in electrical engineering, by Loïc Boulon (his research focuses on the modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles, energy and power sources, and fuel cell systems). He worked towards his Ph.D. degree at the University of Franche-Comté, Belfort, France, where his dissertation was complet in collaboration with the FEMTO-ST, Belfort, and the L2EP Laboratories, Lille. Co-supervision by Daniel Hissel (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory), Alain Bouscayrol (PU at L2EP laboratory) and Marie-Célie Péra (PU at FEMTO-ST laboratory) Données computationnelles ou de simulation: - Langage de programmation : Langage Matlab - Plate-forme/OS : Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version : MATLAB R2018a - Statut de développement : Actif Simulation or computational data: - Programming language: Matlab language - Platform/OS: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux,... - Version: MATLAB R2018a - Development status: Active Project: Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique - Loïc Boulon, Contrat doctoral (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Audience: Research

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    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Helferich, Marvin; Preuß, Sabine; +1 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the initial round of survey data gathered in France in 2022, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. In the first round of the survey, we recruited a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country, taking into account both the individual and household perspectives. The survey includes a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in various domains of life, such as housing, mobility, and diet. In addition to this, the survey also measures socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: de Gavelle, Erwan;

    In Western countries, the consumption of animal protein, which is the predominant protein source, has been decreasing over the last decade. This consumption has been negatively associated with different sustainability parameters in the majority of cases, and studies modelling sustainable diets have shown that the different parameters are not always compatible. Diets that significantly improve different sustainability parameters have been modelled, but the consideration of cultural acceptability is insufficient and requires further investigation. The objective of this thesis was to model acceptable trajectories of rearrangement of protein source consumption to increase nutritional adequacy and to evaluate its impacts on sustainability. The study of protein source consumption in France led to the conclusion that protein intake is adequate for the entire population, but that there are different profiles of protein intake characterized by different levels of nutritional security. A study conducted in 2018 found that meat consumption levels were predicted by attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control related to the reduction of meat consumption. For the stepwise dietary modelling study, it was considered acceptable for an individual to consume a new food if it was widely consumed by individuals with a similar profile of protein intake. This hypothesis was validated by a survey conducted in 2018. The modelling work identified that some dietary recommendations were effective for the general population, but others were specific to certain profiles of protein intake characterized by specific nutritional profiles and food repertoires. Finally, models have identified that systematically targeting more plant proteins during the first dietary modifications allows, despite a slightly lower nutritional adequacy, to obtain better sustainability parameters.; Dans les pays occidentaux, la consommation de protéines animales, majoritaire, diminue depuis une décennie. Elle est, dans la majorité des cas, associée négativement à différents paramètres de durabilité, et les études modélisant des régimes durables ont montré que les différents paramètres n’étaient pas toujours compatibles. Des régimes améliorant largement différents paramètres de durabilité ont été modélisés, mais la prise en compte de l’acceptabilité culturelle est insuffisante et nécessite des approfondissements. L’objectif de cette thèse était de modéliser des trajectoires acceptables de réarrangement de la consommation de sources protéiques pour augmenter l’adéquation nutritionnelle et d’en évaluer les impacts sur la durabilité. L’étude des consommations de sources de protéines en France a permis de conclure que les apports en protéines sont adéquats pour l’ensemble de la population, mais qu’il existe différents profils de consommation protéique, caractérisés par des niveaux de sécurité nutritionnelle différents. Une étude réalisée en 2018 a permis d’établir que les niveaux de consommation de viande étaient prédits par les attitudes, les normes sociales, et l’auto-efficacité perçue vis-à-vis de la réduction de la consommation de viande. Pour les travaux de modélisation pas-à-pas de l’alimentation, il a été considéré acceptable pour un individu de consommer un nouvel aliment, si celui-ci était largement consommé par des individus au profil de consommation protéique similaire. Cette hypothèse a été validée par une enquête en 2018. Les travaux de modélisation ont permis d’identifier que certaines recommandations alimentaires étaient efficaces pour l’ensemble de la population, mais que d’autres étaient spécifiques à certains profils de consommation protéique, caractérisés par des profils nutritionnels et des répertoires alimentaires spécifiques. Enfin, des modèles ont permis d’identifier que viser systématiquement plus de protéines végétales lors des premières modifications diététiques permet, malgré une adéquation nutritionnelle légèrement plus faible, d’obtenir de meilleurs paramètres de durabilité.

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    Authors: Robert, F.; Meslin, E.; Mary, L.; Manceau, R.; +3 Authors

    La méthode DEXi-Pépi a été développée afin d’avoir une approche globale d’amélioration environnementale, économique et sociale des systèmes de culture hors sol de pépinière. Cette méthode, adaptée du modèle DEXiPM®, est un modèle hiérarchique multicritère et qualitatif qui comporte 89 critères d’entrée : (i) 56 critères dépendants du système de culture, (ii) 23 critères liés au contexte et dépendant du système et (iii) 10 critères liés au contexte et indépendant du système. Plusieurs critères sont redondants dans l’évaluation (26). Le nombre de critère d’entrée par pilier de la durabilité est déséquilibré, reflétant en partie le déséquilibre des connaissances sur certains piliers. Le modèle DEXi-Pépi est un prototype qui est amené à évoluer au fur et à mesure des utilisations et en fonction des attentes des utilisateurs. The DEXi-Pépi method was developed in order to have a global approach for improving aboveground nursery culture systems. This method, adapted from DEXiPM® model, is a hierarchical multi-criteria and qualitative model that includes 89 entry criteria: (i) 56 criteria dependent of the culture system, (ii) 23 criteria linked to the context and system-dependent and (iii) 10 criteria linked to the context and independent of the system. Several criteria are redundant in the assessment (26). The number of entry criteria for each pillar of sustainability is unbalanced, partly reflecting the imbalance of knowledge on some pillars. The DEXi-Pépi model is a prototype that will evolve as the use increases and according to the users’ expectations.

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    ProdInra
    Article . 2017
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: ProdInra
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      ProdInra
      Article . 2017
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  • Authors: Bertrand, François; Petit, Sandrine; Vergote, Marie-Hélène; Brayer, Jean-Marc;

    International audience ; How can local collectives for water governance appropriate the issues of adaptation to water resources modified by climate change? The “Climate workshops” held on two territories in Burgundy were observed. Referring to the methods of «territorial design», they gathered local actors and researchers to introduce a collective debate on the adaptation of the water management according to the climate change effects. They represented an unusual participation time, compared to Local Water Commissions which are, in France, the institutional framework of the local water governance. The adoption of an interpretative mode allowed knowledge circulation and hybridization between scientists and local stakeholders. This action-research provides lessons on ways of establishing a dialogue among scientists and non-scientists, the implementation of territorial design methods to deal with uncertainty and a better understanding of representations of adaptation for water management. ; Comment des collectifs locaux de gouvernance de l’eau peuvent-ils s’approprier les questions d’adaptation à une ressource perturbée par le changement climatique ? Des « ateliers du climat », organisés sur deux territoires en Bourgogne ont été observés. Se référant aux méthodes de « design territorial », ils ont réuni acteurs locaux et chercheurs afin d’initier une réflexion collective sur l’adaptation de la gestion de l’eau aux effets du changement climatique. Ils ont représenté un exercice de participation décalé par rapport aux Commissions Locales de l’Eau qui constituent le cadre institutionnel de la gouvernance locale de l’eau. L’adoption d’un mode interprétatif a permis une circulation et une hybridation des savoirs entre scientifiques et profanes. Cette recherche-action apporte des enseignements sur les conditions du dialogue entre scientifiques et acteurs, l’intérêt des méthodes de design territorial pour traiter des incertitudes et sur les conceptions de l’adaptation de la gestion de l’eau.

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  • Authors: CIFOR-ICRAF;

    L’objectif général est d’améliorer la résilience climatique des populations du Nord et l’Extrême Nord du Cameroun. L’objectif spécifique est d’augmenter durablement la productivité agro-pastorale et les revenus des ménages ruraux et de réduire leur vulnérabilité au vu des enjeux climatiques.

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  • Authors: Baccar Ben Lamine, Mariem;

    Agriculture based on the massive use of non-renewable resources and the intensification of production systems show its limits, which question this development path. Yet this agricultural model has been developed in the Saïs plain, particularly in family farms. This development has resulted in the development of income-generating sectors that are intensively managed, with few technical supports. This dynamic has led to a groundwater overexploitation and pollution, and price fluctuations of agricultural products. The sustainability of family farms is questioned, especially since Moroccan agricultural policy encourages an intensive development path. This issue has been studied based on three sub-questions, each addressing the sustainability of family farms from a different perspective. These sub-questions were investigated thanks to a sample of 40 farms, chosen for their diversity of production systems. We used different tools for the data analysis.The first sub-question dealt with the sustainability of farms related to their evolving dynamics over the past 60 years. Seven pathways were identified based on several internal and external drivers. These pathways have resulted currently in three main farm types, differing in their production activities. T1 includes farms close to the original traditional system, based on land without a groundwater access; T2 gather farms cultivating a diversity of irrigated productions; T3 gather specialized farms.The second sub-question aims to evaluate the sustainability of family farms and to formalize its determinants, by mobilizing a research viewpoint. This analysis was based on a sustainability assessment tool (IDEA), adapted to the context of Saïs. Environmental sustainability depends on the diversification of activities and farm autonomy degree; socio-territorial sustainability is linked to the degree of farmer involvement in the territorial dynamics; and economic sustainability depends on the production system and the farm’ structural factors. However, general trend shows an ...

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  • Authors: Aoun, Youva;

    This thesis deals with a methodology to assess the capabilities of future spaceborne instruments. The case study is the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) of the future Meteosat Third Generation Imaging mission (MTG - I), and in particular its ability to detect variations in load of desert aerosols in a realistically variable atmosphere. A better understanding of the behavior of these aerosols is part of regularly expressed needs for the study of the climate, weather forecast or assessment of the solar resource in arid areas such as the Sahara. This type of aerosols is abundant in the atmosphere. Their physical and chemical properties make them distinguishable from other types of aerosols such as those resulting from anthropogenic pollution, especially as they are emitted in areas protected from contamination by these other types. They therefore represent a simple case study to validate the methodology developed in this thesis.The methodology is to provide a simulator of the view of the instrument to perform a large number of simulations of the radiance measured under different atmospheric conditions and ground albedo, to analyze the results in order to quantify the influence of each variable in the variation of radiance, and then conclude on the capabilities of detection through a test of detectability taking into account the characteristics of the instrument.The developed simulator was validated by comparison against actual measurements of the SEVIRI instruments onboard Meteosat Second Generation satellites. The main innovation lies in the use of the global sensitivity analysis approach (GSA). The latter quantifies the influence of each variable separately as well as their crossed terms. Cumulative distribution functions were computed from actual observations and allow a realistic sensitivity analysis of the instrument. The GSA is also used to compute functional representation of the influence of one or more variables on the variability of the observed signal. The usefulness of such representations is discussed ...

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  • Authors: Tomczak, Ivan;

    Neutron stars are at the origin of some of the most extreme phenomena in the universe because of their ultra-intense electromagnetic fields accelerating the surrounding particles to ultra-relativistic speeds. To better understand these stars, different models have been developed but all have limitations, that is why "particles in cells" numerical simulations have been performed by various teams, but using algorithms not well suited to intense fields, implying a scaling and velocities of particles well below reality.In this thesis, to overcome the limitations of other algorithms, we have developed a code based on successive analytical solutions to the equation of motion of a particle in constant fields (with and without radiation reaction). We have injected up to 8192 test particles around neutron stars, in the Deutsch field, and studied their velocities and positions. The code is functional, shows expected results and demonstrates the importance of the radiation reaction but is limited by the absence of interaction between particles. ; Les étoiles à neutrons sont à l’origine de phénomènes parmis les plus extrêmes de l’univers en raison de leurs champs électromagnétiques ultra-intenses accélérant les particules alentours à des vitesses ultra relativistes. Pour mieux comprendre ces astres, différents modèles ont été élaborés mais tous ont des limites, c’est pourquoi des simulations numériques «particles in cells» ont été réalisées par diverses équipes, mais en utilisant des algorithmes peu adaptés aux champs intenses, impliquant un scaling et des vitesses de particules bien en dessous de la réalité.Dans cette thèse, pour dépasser les limites des autres algorithmes, nous avons développé un code basé sur des solutions analytiques successives à l’équation du mouvement d’une particule en champs constants (avec et sans réaction de rayonnement). Nous avons injecté jusqu’à 8192 particules test autours d’étoiles à neutrons, dans le champ de Deutsch, et avons étudié leurs vitesses et leurs positions. Le code est ...

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  • Authors: Morando, Simon; Pahon, Élodie; Pahon, Élodie;

    Le projet PHM-PAC vise principalement le développement de méthodes intelligentes de détection, diagnostic et pronostic des défaillances de piles à combustibles. Ce projet doit permettre l'optimisation des performances des systèmes pile à combustible ainsi qu'une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes électrochimiques en affectant la durabilité. The PHM-PAC project is mainly aimed at developing intelligent methods for the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of fuel cell failures. This project should allow the optimization of the performance of fuel cell systems as well as a better understanding of the electrochemical phenomena affecting the durability. Données expérimentales: 2 800 heures de fonctionnement à charge constante sur une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons d'une puissance de 500W Experimental data: 2,800 hours of operation at constant load on a 500W proton exchange membrane fuel cell Project: PHM PAC, Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (Region Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Audience: University: master, Research, University: licence Label: PHE (Plateforme Hydrogène-Energie) Label: Plateforme UBFC (Plateforme UBFC) UpdatePeriodicity: no update

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