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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fumière, Quentin;

    Le pourtour méditerranéen, plus particulièrement le Sud-Est de la France, est affecté par des épisodes de pluies intenses pendant l'automne. Déterminer l'évolution future de ces événements est un enjeu scientifique et de société majeur. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier, à très haute résolution spatiale et aux échelles climatiques, la représentation passée et l'évolution future de ces événements de pluies intenses. L'approche utilisée est basée sur l'analyse des simulations d'une famille de modèles de climat régionaux à convection profonde explicite (cprcms, 2-3 km) et sur l'exploitation d'une nouvelle base de données d'observations des précipitations kilométrique et horaire : comephore.L'évaluation des cprcms met en évidence une forte valeur ajoutée des cprcms par rapport aux rcms (Regional Climate Models) à convection paramétrée (12,5 km) pour la représentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires. Cette valeur ajoutée est robuste à des changements de configurations de cnrm-arome (version, domaine et modèle forceur). Il est également montré que cette valeur ajoutée est vérifiée dans 4 autres paires cprcm/rcm issues du programme cordex fps-convection. L'étude des effets du changement climatique à la fin du 21 ème siècle dans un scénario à forte émission de gaz à effet de serre à partir de simulations de 10 ans des quatre cprcms ne permet pas d'obtenir une évolution significative des précipitations extrêmes même sur le signe du changement attendu. Il est très probable que la variabilité naturelle du climat domine la réponse future des précipitations extrêmes sur des périodes de 10 ans. En revanche, une simulation de scénario de 30 ans avec cnrm-arome selon le scénario rcp8.5 pour la fin du siècle suggère une augmentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires sur les Cévennes et plus particulièrement sur le Roussillon où l'augmentation des précipitations horaires pourrait dépasser les 15% par degré de réchauffement. Par ailleurs, il a été montré que les cprcms peuvent nettement modifier la réponse des pluies au changement climatique simulées par les rcms à résolution standard. A l'avenir, des simulations d'au moins 30 ans semblent nécessaires pour obtenir des résultats robustes dans les exercices internationaux multi-modèles. Ce travail constitue la première exploitation scientifique intensive du modèle arome en mode climat. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent de nombreuses possibilités pour son usage futur pour étudier le climat à très haute résolution et en particulier les événements extrêmes. The Mediterranean region and more particularly the South-East of France are affected by intense rainfall episodes during the autumn. Determining the future evolution of these events is a major scientific and societal challenge. The objective of this PhD thesis is to study at very high resolution and at climate scales the past representation and future evolution of these intense rainfall events. The approach here is based on the analysis of simulations of a family of explicit deep convection regional climate models (cprcms, 2-3 km) and on the exploitation of a new database of kilometric and hourly precipitation observations : comephore. The evaluation of the cprcms revealed a high added-value of explicit convection models compared with parameterized convection models (12.5 km) for the representation of daily and especially sub-daily extreme precipitation. The robustness of this added value has been showed to changes in cnrm-arome configurations (version, domain and model driving).The added value was also verified in 4 other rcm/cprcm pairs from the cordex fps-convection program. The study of precipitation changes based on 10-year simulations of the four cprcms did not provide a significant response of change in extreme precipitation. It is very natural climate variability is likely to dominate the future response of extreme precipitation over periods of 10 years, which implies that even at the end of the 21st century and in a scenario with high green house-gases emissions, it is likely that some decades will be wetter and others less so than decades of the current climate. It is therefore necessary to extend the simulations to increase the robustness of multi-model results. In addition, the 10-year change results with cnrm-arome are not representative of the changes over 30 years. The 30-year scenario simulation with cnrm-arome according to the rcp8.5 projection for the end of the century suggests an increase in extreme daily and especially hourly precipitation in the Cévennes and more particularly in Roussillon (+15% per degree of warming). In scenario mode, it was possible to show that cprcms can significantly change the rain response to climate change simulated by standard resolution rcms. This work is the first intensive scientific exploitation of the arome model in climate mode. The results obtained open up many possibilities for its future use to study climate at very high resolution and in particular extreme events.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    HAL-IRD
    Doctoral thesis . 2019
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Doctoral thesis . 2019
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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      HAL-IRD
      Doctoral thesis . 2019
      Data sources: HAL-IRD
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Doctoral thesis . 2019
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Janßen, Hannah; Preuß, Sabine; +3 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the second round of survey data gathered in France in 2023, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. The first round of the survey, consisted of recruiting a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country. In this second survey round, we recruit around 500 respondents from the initial survey round, ensuring representativity is maintained. This survey is very similar to the survey in the first round and includes a lot of identical items, including a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in the housing, mobility, and diet sectors, socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort. New for this second round, we have incorporated questions regarding the measures respondents adopted in response to the 2022 energy crisis.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Sygma
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • Authors: Eichhammer, W.;

    Belgium has an ambitious climate change target of -7.5% for all six geenhouse gases mentioned in the Kyoto Protocol (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) to reach by 2008-2012. The target is ambitious given the current rising trends in greenhouse gas emissions in the country, though it is average compared to a global EU target of -8% for all greenhouse gases. The remaining 10 years up to 2012, however, leave little margin on action and an ambitious reduction of energy demand is necessary in combination with supply efficiency measures (both on fossil supply and renewables) and measures for non-CO2 greenhouse gases. In this context, the present study was commissioned by the Ministry for Economic Affairs with the aim to investigate in detail the role that energy efficiency at the demand side had been playing in Belgium energy policy so far and what elements of energy efficiency could be promoted to increase its role in the future, taking into account the particular federal structure of the Belgium state. Energy efficiency is not an isolated element of energy policy but embedded in a general context of energy policy.

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  • In vielen Bereichen der Chemischen Technik, in Lebensmittelverarbeitung, Energietechnik und Pharmazie werden Gas/Feststoff Wirbelschichten heute großtechnisch eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt eine gänzlich neue Anwendungsmöglichkeit - den Einsatz der Wirbelschicht als Bioreaktor. Am Beispiel der Ethanolgewinnung mit S. cerevisiae werden die mit Entwicklung und Betrieb dieses neuen Bioreaktortyps verbundenen Untersuchungen und Probleme beschrieben. Im einzelnen wurde untersucht: das Fluidisationsverhalten der Hefepartikel, Einfluss des Feuchtegehaltes auf die Fluidisierbarkeit, Regelung der Hefefeuchte im Bioreaktor, Fermentationskinetik und Produktivität in einer Laboranlage mit 0.2 m und einer Technikumsanlage mit 0.55 m Durchmesser. Die in den Versuchen an der Technikumsanlage erzielte Produktivität liegt mit 40 kg Ethanol/h m³ über dem Bereich kommerzieller Anlagen. Fluidized bed reactors are more and more used in chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries. This paper is dealing with a new application of gas-solid-fluidization: ethanol production by fermentation (S. cervisiae yeast). The behavior of this new bioreactor is described: yeast particles behavior under fluidization, effect and control of yeast humidity kinetics and fermentation productivity. Results obtained from a lab fermentor (0,2 m diameter) and a pilot fermentor (0,55 m diameter) are presented. The pilot's producing 40 kg ethanol/h m³, which is well over the results of present systems.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nefzi, Aida;

    La littérature n'est pas unanime quant à l'effet favorable ou défavorable du changement climatique sur les pays en voie de développement. En effet, si plusieurs travaux concluent que l'agriculture des pays en voie de développement est vulnérable au changement climatique à cause de la prédominance de l'agriculture à faible capital, d'autres suggèrent le contraire. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact du changement climatique sur l'agriculture tunisienne en utilisant une analyse ricardienne de la valeur ajoutée agricole. Nous effectuons une analyse spatio-temporelle de la réponse de la valeur ajoutée agricole au changement climatique sur une base de données relative à 21 gouvernorats de la Tunisie qui couvre la période 1992-2007. Sur la base des résultats d'estimation de cette analyse, nous procédons à une simulation de l'impact du changement climatique sur l'agriculture relativement aux projections d'un scénario modéré à l'horizon 2020. Les résultats suggèrent que le changement climatique combiné à une évolution du niveau technologique aurait des effets bénéfiques sur l'agriculture tunisienne. Ce résultat remettrait en question les conclusions de la majorité des travaux existants dans la littérature qui insistent sur les effets négatifs du changement climatique sur l'agriculture. The literature is not unanimous as for the effect of the climatic change on developing countries. Indeed, if several studies conclude that the agriculture of developing countries is vulnerable to the climatic change because of the predominance of weak capital agriculture, others suggest that climate change will be benefit to agriculture. This thesis has for objective to study the impact of the climate change on the Tunisian agriculture while using an analysis ricardienne of the agricultural value added. We execute a spatiotemporal analysis of the answer of the agricultural value added to the climate change on a relative data base of 21 governates of Tunisia that covers the period 1992-2007. On the basis of results of evaluation of this analysis, we proceed to a simulation of the impact of the climate change on agriculture relatively on the projections of a moderate scenario on the 2020 horizon. Results suggest that the climate change combined to an evolution of the technological level would have some beneficial effects on the Tunisian agriculture. This result would put back in question findings of the existing study that insist on the negative effects of the climatic change on agriculture.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
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    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
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  • Authors: World Bank Group;

    Le présent CCDR comporte trois messages principaux: (i) En premier lieu, le maintien du statu quo ne permettra plus de soutenir la croissance économique de la Côte d'Ivoire et ses ambitions de devenir un pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche supérieure à l’horizon 2030, tout en réduisant considérablement la pauvreté. Toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, et dans le cadre d’un scénario de climat sec/plus chaud, le changement climatique devrait réduire le produit intérieur brut (PIB) réel de 13 pour cent d’ici à 2050, ce qui empêcherait 1,63 million de personnes de s’affranchir de la pauvreté. Quoique dispendieuses, les mesures d’adaptation peuvent potentiellement compenser une grande partie de l’impact négatif du climat, notamment sur les populations démunies; (ii) Deuxièmement, des secteurs économiques clés, dont le cacao et l’énergie, courent le risque de connaître des contre-performances si aucune mesure n’est prise maintenant même pour faire face aux impacts climatiques et tirer parti des mutations technologiques ou des changements réglementaires. En outre, les centres urbains, qui sont des pôles économiques, sont exposés aux dommages climatiques subis par les infrastructures et aux pertes considérables de moyens de subsistance subies par les populations démunies vivant dans des communautés à faibles revenus. Des menaces planent également sur les routes, les réseaux numériques et les autres infrastructures qui assurent l’interconnectivité au plan national, garantissant l’efficacité des déplacements et l’accès aux marchés et aux services; (iii) Troisièmement, la Côte d'Ivoire n’est pas actuellement prête à faire face aux conséquences du changement climatique. Sa capacité d’adaptation en est encore à ses balbutiements, ses institutions et sa coordination de l’action en faveur du climat sont fragmentaires, et ses politiques et programmes ne sont pas à la hauteur du défi climatique auquel sont confrontées les populations vulnérables. Entre-temps, la mise en œuvre des stratégies et plans existants reste ...

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    Authors: World Bank;

    Ce diagnostic a pour objectif de fournir un aperçu rapide des risques liés au changement climatique et aux catastrophes auxquels sont confrontées les communes à travers une évaluation du cadre institutionnel et réglementaire, de l’exposition aux aléas et de la vulnérabilité. Les principaux aléas examinés dans l’étude diagnostique ont été identifiés avec le comité de pilotage de la préfecture, et inclus les inondations, les raz-de-marée, l’élévation du niveau de la mer, l’érosion côtière, les tremblements de terre et les incendies.

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    Authors: Plénet, Daniel; Jeannequin, Benoit; Chauvin, Jean-Eric;

    National audience; The fruit, vegetable and potato (FLP) sectors are characterised by a high structural diversity linked to the many species and varieties cultivated and to very varied production and marketing structures. The very strong competition imposed by the long distribution and import-export channels has gradually led, for reasons of economic rationality, to a specialisation of the production basins and part of the farms with standardisation of production means and products, but also the disappearance of many small farms. Overall, these changes have resulted in an erosion of surfaces and a decrease in the volumes produced for the majority of sectors with the exception of potatoes and certain nuts. Nevertheless, the dynamism of certain "product" sectors has led to a revival of competitiveness and/or a better Plénet D. et al. 80 Innovations Agronomiques 68 (2018), 79-105 development of the offer thanks to approaches relating to the development of high-tech systems, the reduction in the use of synthetic products, segmentation and commercial differentiation, and the creation of quality signs. In addition, the renewal of short and local circuits has recently made it possible to develop a very diversified network of farms in all regions. The emergence of high expectations for organic farming products and for healthy and sustainable agro-food systems offers new opportunities today. To benefit from them, the FLP sectors will have to develop coherent strategies to strengthen complementarities and synergies between different production, processing and marketing systems. These diversity enhancement strategies will contribute to increasing the economic and environmentalrobustness of the FLP sectors.; Les filières fruits, légumes et pomme de terre (FLP) se caractérisent par une diversité structurelle importante liée aux nombreuses espèces et variétés cultivées et à des structures de production et de commercialisation très variées. La très forte concurrence imposée par les circuits longs de la grande distribution et de l’import-export a progressivement entrainé pour des raisons de rationalité économique une spécialisation des bassins de production et d’une partie des exploitations avec une standardisation des moyens de production et des produits, mais aussi la disparition de nombreuses petites exploitations. Globalement, ces évolutions se sont traduites par une érosion des surfaces et une diminution des volumes produits pour la majorité des filières à l’exception de la pomme de terre et de certains fruits à coque. Néanmoins, le dynamisme de certaines filières « produit » a entrainé un regain de compétitivité et/ou une meilleure valorisation de l’offre grâce à des démarches portant sur le développement de systèmes à haute technicité, la réduction d’utilisation des produits de synthèse, la segmentation et la différenciation commerciale, et la création de signes de qualité. Par ailleurs, le renouveau des circuits courts et de proximité permet depuis peu de développer dans toutes les régions un tissu d’exploitations très diversifiées. L’émergence d’une forte attente pour les produits de l’agriculture biologique et pour des systèmes agro-alimentaires sains et durables offre aujourd’hui de nouvelles opportunités. Pour en bénéficier, les filières FLP devront élaborer des stratégies cohérentes afin de renforcer les complémentarités et les synergies entre différents systèmes de production, de transformation et de commercialisation. Ces stratégies de valorisation de la diversité contribueront à accroitre la robustesse économique et environnementale des filières FLP.

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    Authors: Ensslen, Axel; Babrowski, Sonja; Jochem, Patrick; Fichtner, Wolf;
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2012
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    Authors: Zaplana, Tom;

    Le développement de sources d'énergie renouvelables nécessite l'optimisation de la conversion de la biomasse végétale en biocarburants tels que le butanol. Les Clostridia, et plus particulièrement Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans, sont des bactéries anaérobies capables de dégrader la cellulose et de produire des composés d'intérêt, ce qui en fait des candidates idéales pour cette transformation.Cette thèse vise à repousser les limites de l'ingénierie métabolique de L. phytofermentans pour optimiser la production de butanol. Les objectifs principaux sont : (1) développer une souche évoluée capable de résister à de fortes concentrations de butanol, (2) introduire une voie de synthèse du butanol via des approches de biologie synthétique, et (3) implémenter un système CRISPRi pour moduler le métabolisme central de manière précise.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, plusieurs approches ont été mises en œuvre. L. phytofermentans a été soumise à une évolution dirigée sur 480 jours dans un automate de cultures continues (appelé GM3), aboutissant à une souche résistante au butanol. La caractérisation phénotypique et génomique de cette souche a permis d'identifier plus de 500 mutations associées à la résistance. Parallèlement, une voie de synthèse du butanol a été conçue et transformé dans L.phytofermentans. Un biosenseur spécifique du butanol a été adapté pour détecter sa production.Enfin, un système CRISPRi basé sur dLbCas12a a été développé, permettant le clonage jusqu'à huit guides pour réprimer spécifiquement des gènes clés du métabolisme.La souche évoluée, PHY24.0#6, a montré une tolérance accrue au butanol, un temps de génération réduit de moitié et une densité de croissance maximale augmentée de 1,3 fois. L'analyse de la membrane plasmique a révélé une composition en acides gras plus longs et plus insaturés. Bien que la production de butanol n'ait pas été détectée après l'introduction de la voie de synthèse, le biosenseur spécifique a été intégré avec succès. Le système CRISPRi a permis de réprimer l'expression de gènes du métabolisme central jusqu'à 20 fois, y compris des gènes dont la délétion serait létale, comme le trio Cphy_1326-1327-0089 responsable de la production d'acétate et de dihydrogène.Ces travaux ont permis d'améliorer la tolérance de L.phytofermentans au butanol et de développer des outils moléculaires innovants tels que le système CRISPRi multiplex. Ces avancées contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du métabolisme de cette bactérie et ouvrent des perspectives pour optimiser la production durable de biocarburants à partir de biomasse végétale. Les approches développées pourraient être transposées à d'autres modèles de Clostridia, favorisant ainsi le développement de solutions énergétiques innovantes et respectueuses de l'environnement. The development of renewable energy sources requires optimization of the conversion of plant biomass into biofuels such as butanol. Clostridia, and more specifically Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans, are anaerobic bacteria capable of degrading cellulose and producing compounds of interest, making them ideal candidates for this transformation.This thesis aims to push back the limits of metabolic engineering of L. phytofermentans to optimize butanol production. The main objectives are: (1) to develop an evolved strain capable of withstanding high concentrations of butanol, (2) to introduce a butanol synthesis pathway via synthetic biology approaches, and (3) to implement a CRISPRi system to precisely modulate central metabolism.To achieve these objectives, several approaches were implemented. L. phytofermentans was subjected to directed evolution over 480 days in a continuous culture automaton (called GM3), resulting in a butanol-resistant strain. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of this strain identified over 500 mutations associated with resistance. In parallel, a butanol synthesis pathway was designed and introduced into L. phytofermentans, and a butanol-specific biosensor was adapted to detect its production.Finally, a CRISPRi system based on dLbCas12a was developed, enabling the cloning of up to eight guides into a plasmid to specifically repress key metabolic genes.The evolved strain, PHY24.0#6, showed increased tolerance to butanol, a halved generation time and a 1.3-fold increase in maximum growth density. Analysis of the plasma membrane revealed a composition of longer, more unsaturated fatty acids. Although butanol production was not detected after introduction of the synthetic pathway, the specific biosensor was successfully integrated. The CRISPRi system was able to repress the expression of central metabolism genes up to 20-fold, including genes whose deletion would be lethal, such as the Cphy_1326-1327-0089 trio, responsible for the acetate and dihydrogen production.This work has made it possible to improve the tolerance of L. phytofermentans to butanol, and to develop innovative molecular tools such as the multiplex CRISPRi system. These advances contribute to a better understanding of this bacterium's metabolism and open prospects for optimizing the sustainable production of biofuels from plant biomass. The approaches developed could be transposed to other models of Clostridia, thereby fostering the development of innovative, environmentally friendly energy solutions.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fumière, Quentin;

    Le pourtour méditerranéen, plus particulièrement le Sud-Est de la France, est affecté par des épisodes de pluies intenses pendant l'automne. Déterminer l'évolution future de ces événements est un enjeu scientifique et de société majeur. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier, à très haute résolution spatiale et aux échelles climatiques, la représentation passée et l'évolution future de ces événements de pluies intenses. L'approche utilisée est basée sur l'analyse des simulations d'une famille de modèles de climat régionaux à convection profonde explicite (cprcms, 2-3 km) et sur l'exploitation d'une nouvelle base de données d'observations des précipitations kilométrique et horaire : comephore.L'évaluation des cprcms met en évidence une forte valeur ajoutée des cprcms par rapport aux rcms (Regional Climate Models) à convection paramétrée (12,5 km) pour la représentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires. Cette valeur ajoutée est robuste à des changements de configurations de cnrm-arome (version, domaine et modèle forceur). Il est également montré que cette valeur ajoutée est vérifiée dans 4 autres paires cprcm/rcm issues du programme cordex fps-convection. L'étude des effets du changement climatique à la fin du 21 ème siècle dans un scénario à forte émission de gaz à effet de serre à partir de simulations de 10 ans des quatre cprcms ne permet pas d'obtenir une évolution significative des précipitations extrêmes même sur le signe du changement attendu. Il est très probable que la variabilité naturelle du climat domine la réponse future des précipitations extrêmes sur des périodes de 10 ans. En revanche, une simulation de scénario de 30 ans avec cnrm-arome selon le scénario rcp8.5 pour la fin du siècle suggère une augmentation des précipitations extrêmes quotidiennes et surtout horaires sur les Cévennes et plus particulièrement sur le Roussillon où l'augmentation des précipitations horaires pourrait dépasser les 15% par degré de réchauffement. Par ailleurs, il a été montré que les cprcms peuvent nettement modifier la réponse des pluies au changement climatique simulées par les rcms à résolution standard. A l'avenir, des simulations d'au moins 30 ans semblent nécessaires pour obtenir des résultats robustes dans les exercices internationaux multi-modèles. Ce travail constitue la première exploitation scientifique intensive du modèle arome en mode climat. Les résultats obtenus ouvrent de nombreuses possibilités pour son usage futur pour étudier le climat à très haute résolution et en particulier les événements extrêmes. The Mediterranean region and more particularly the South-East of France are affected by intense rainfall episodes during the autumn. Determining the future evolution of these events is a major scientific and societal challenge. The objective of this PhD thesis is to study at very high resolution and at climate scales the past representation and future evolution of these intense rainfall events. The approach here is based on the analysis of simulations of a family of explicit deep convection regional climate models (cprcms, 2-3 km) and on the exploitation of a new database of kilometric and hourly precipitation observations : comephore. The evaluation of the cprcms revealed a high added-value of explicit convection models compared with parameterized convection models (12.5 km) for the representation of daily and especially sub-daily extreme precipitation. The robustness of this added value has been showed to changes in cnrm-arome configurations (version, domain and model driving).The added value was also verified in 4 other rcm/cprcm pairs from the cordex fps-convection program. The study of precipitation changes based on 10-year simulations of the four cprcms did not provide a significant response of change in extreme precipitation. It is very natural climate variability is likely to dominate the future response of extreme precipitation over periods of 10 years, which implies that even at the end of the 21st century and in a scenario with high green house-gases emissions, it is likely that some decades will be wetter and others less so than decades of the current climate. It is therefore necessary to extend the simulations to increase the robustness of multi-model results. In addition, the 10-year change results with cnrm-arome are not representative of the changes over 30 years. The 30-year scenario simulation with cnrm-arome according to the rcp8.5 projection for the end of the century suggests an increase in extreme daily and especially hourly precipitation in the Cévennes and more particularly in Roussillon (+15% per degree of warming). In scenario mode, it was possible to show that cprcms can significantly change the rain response to climate change simulated by standard resolution rcms. This work is the first intensive scientific exploitation of the arome model in climate mode. The results obtained open up many possibilities for its future use to study climate at very high resolution and in particular extreme events.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Doctoral thesis . 2019
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Doctoral thesis . 2019
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-IRD
      Doctoral thesis . 2019
      Data sources: HAL-IRD
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Doctoral thesis . 2019
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alexander-Haw, Abigail; Dütschke, Elisabeth; Janßen, Hannah; Preuß, Sabine; +3 Authors

    This dataset and codebook correspond to the second round of survey data gathered in France in 2023, within the project FULFILL - Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes. As part of Work Package 3 (WP3) in the FULFILL project, we collected quantitative data from six countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, and India. The first round of the survey, consisted of recruiting a representative sample of approximately 2000 households in each country. In this second survey round, we recruit around 500 respondents from the initial survey round, ensuring representativity is maintained. This survey is very similar to the survey in the first round and includes a lot of identical items, including a quantitative assessment of the carbon footprint in the housing, mobility, and diet sectors, socio-economic factors such as age, gender, income, education, household size, life stage, and political orientation. Furthermore, the survey includes measures of quality of life, encompassing aspects such as health and well-being, environmental quality, financial security, and comfort. New for this second round, we have incorporated questions regarding the measures respondents adopted in response to the 2022 energy crisis.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
    Dataset . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Sygma
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo...
      Dataset . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • Authors: Eichhammer, W.;

    Belgium has an ambitious climate change target of -7.5% for all six geenhouse gases mentioned in the Kyoto Protocol (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6) to reach by 2008-2012. The target is ambitious given the current rising trends in greenhouse gas emissions in the country, though it is average compared to a global EU target of -8% for all greenhouse gases. The remaining 10 years up to 2012, however, leave little margin on action and an ambitious reduction of energy demand is necessary in combination with supply efficiency measures (both on fossil supply and renewables) and measures for non-CO2 greenhouse gases. In this context, the present study was commissioned by the Ministry for Economic Affairs with the aim to investigate in detail the role that energy efficiency at the demand side had been playing in Belgium energy policy so far and what elements of energy efficiency could be promoted to increase its role in the future, taking into account the particular federal structure of the Belgium state. Energy efficiency is not an isolated element of energy policy but embedded in a general context of energy policy.

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  • In vielen Bereichen der Chemischen Technik, in Lebensmittelverarbeitung, Energietechnik und Pharmazie werden Gas/Feststoff Wirbelschichten heute großtechnisch eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt eine gänzlich neue Anwendungsmöglichkeit - den Einsatz der Wirbelschicht als Bioreaktor. Am Beispiel der Ethanolgewinnung mit S. cerevisiae werden die mit Entwicklung und Betrieb dieses neuen Bioreaktortyps verbundenen Untersuchungen und Probleme beschrieben. Im einzelnen wurde untersucht: das Fluidisationsverhalten der Hefepartikel, Einfluss des Feuchtegehaltes auf die Fluidisierbarkeit, Regelung der Hefefeuchte im Bioreaktor, Fermentationskinetik und Produktivität in einer Laboranlage mit 0.2 m und einer Technikumsanlage mit 0.55 m Durchmesser. Die in den Versuchen an der Technikumsanlage erzielte Produktivität liegt mit 40 kg Ethanol/h m³ über dem Bereich kommerzieller Anlagen. Fluidized bed reactors are more and more used in chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries. This paper is dealing with a new application of gas-solid-fluidization: ethanol production by fermentation (S. cervisiae yeast). The behavior of this new bioreactor is described: yeast particles behavior under fluidization, effect and control of yeast humidity kinetics and fermentation productivity. Results obtained from a lab fermentor (0,2 m diameter) and a pilot fermentor (0,55 m diameter) are presented. The pilot's producing 40 kg ethanol/h m³, which is well over the results of present systems.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nefzi, Aida;

    La littérature n'est pas unanime quant à l'effet favorable ou défavorable du changement climatique sur les pays en voie de développement. En effet, si plusieurs travaux concluent que l'agriculture des pays en voie de développement est vulnérable au changement climatique à cause de la prédominance de l'agriculture à faible capital, d'autres suggèrent le contraire. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact du changement climatique sur l'agriculture tunisienne en utilisant une analyse ricardienne de la valeur ajoutée agricole. Nous effectuons une analyse spatio-temporelle de la réponse de la valeur ajoutée agricole au changement climatique sur une base de données relative à 21 gouvernorats de la Tunisie qui couvre la période 1992-2007. Sur la base des résultats d'estimation de cette analyse, nous procédons à une simulation de l'impact du changement climatique sur l'agriculture relativement aux projections d'un scénario modéré à l'horizon 2020. Les résultats suggèrent que le changement climatique combiné à une évolution du niveau technologique aurait des effets bénéfiques sur l'agriculture tunisienne. Ce résultat remettrait en question les conclusions de la majorité des travaux existants dans la littérature qui insistent sur les effets négatifs du changement climatique sur l'agriculture. The literature is not unanimous as for the effect of the climatic change on developing countries. Indeed, if several studies conclude that the agriculture of developing countries is vulnerable to the climatic change because of the predominance of weak capital agriculture, others suggest that climate change will be benefit to agriculture. This thesis has for objective to study the impact of the climate change on the Tunisian agriculture while using an analysis ricardienne of the agricultural value added. We execute a spatiotemporal analysis of the answer of the agricultural value added to the climate change on a relative data base of 21 governates of Tunisia that covers the period 1992-2007. On the basis of results of evaluation of this analysis, we proceed to a simulation of the impact of the climate change on agriculture relatively on the projections of a moderate scenario on the 2020 horizon. Results suggest that the climate change combined to an evolution of the technological level would have some beneficial effects on the Tunisian agriculture. This result would put back in question findings of the existing study that insist on the negative effects of the climatic change on agriculture.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
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    Hal
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: Hal
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Doctoral thesis . 2012
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: World Bank Group;

    Le présent CCDR comporte trois messages principaux: (i) En premier lieu, le maintien du statu quo ne permettra plus de soutenir la croissance économique de la Côte d'Ivoire et ses ambitions de devenir un pays à revenu intermédiaire de la tranche supérieure à l’horizon 2030, tout en réduisant considérablement la pauvreté. Toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, et dans le cadre d’un scénario de climat sec/plus chaud, le changement climatique devrait réduire le produit intérieur brut (PIB) réel de 13 pour cent d’ici à 2050, ce qui empêcherait 1,63 million de personnes de s’affranchir de la pauvreté. Quoique dispendieuses, les mesures d’adaptation peuvent potentiellement compenser une grande partie de l’impact négatif du climat, notamment sur les populations démunies; (ii) Deuxièmement, des secteurs économiques clés, dont le cacao et l’énergie, courent le risque de connaître des contre-performances si aucune mesure n’est prise maintenant même pour faire face aux impacts climatiques et tirer parti des mutations technologiques ou des changements réglementaires. En outre, les centres urbains, qui sont des pôles économiques, sont exposés aux dommages climatiques subis par les infrastructures et aux pertes considérables de moyens de subsistance subies par les populations démunies vivant dans des communautés à faibles revenus. Des menaces planent également sur les routes, les réseaux numériques et les autres infrastructures qui assurent l’interconnectivité au plan national, garantissant l’efficacité des déplacements et l’accès aux marchés et aux services; (iii) Troisièmement, la Côte d'Ivoire n’est pas actuellement prête à faire face aux conséquences du changement climatique. Sa capacité d’adaptation en est encore à ses balbutiements, ses institutions et sa coordination de l’action en faveur du climat sont fragmentaires, et ses politiques et programmes ne sont pas à la hauteur du défi climatique auquel sont confrontées les populations vulnérables. Entre-temps, la mise en œuvre des stratégies et plans existants reste ...

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    Authors: World Bank;

    Ce diagnostic a pour objectif de fournir un aperçu rapide des risques liés au changement climatique et aux catastrophes auxquels sont confrontées les communes à travers une évaluation du cadre institutionnel et réglementaire, de l’exposition aux aléas et de la vulnérabilité. Les principaux aléas examinés dans l’étude diagnostique ont été identifiés avec le comité de pilotage de la préfecture, et inclus les inondations, les raz-de-marée, l’élévation du niveau de la mer, l’érosion côtière, les tremblements de terre et les incendies.

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    Authors: Plénet, Daniel; Jeannequin, Benoit; Chauvin, Jean-Eric;

    National audience; The fruit, vegetable and potato (FLP) sectors are characterised by a high structural diversity linked to the many species and varieties cultivated and to very varied production and marketing structures. The very strong competition imposed by the long distribution and import-export channels has gradually led, for reasons of economic rationality, to a specialisation of the production basins and part of the farms with standardisation of production means and products, but also the disappearance of many small farms. Overall, these changes have resulted in an erosion of surfaces and a decrease in the volumes produced for the majority of sectors with the exception of potatoes and certain nuts. Nevertheless, the dynamism of certain "product" sectors has led to a revival of competitiveness and/or a better Plénet D. et al. 80 Innovations Agronomiques 68 (2018), 79-105 development of the offer thanks to approaches relating to the development of high-tech systems, the reduction in the use of synthetic products, segmentation and commercial differentiation, and the creation of quality signs. In addition, the renewal of short and local circuits has recently made it possible to develop a very diversified network of farms in all regions. The emergence of high expectations for organic farming products and for healthy and sustainable agro-food systems offers new opportunities today. To benefit from them, the FLP sectors will have to develop coherent strategies to strengthen complementarities and synergies between different production, processing and marketing systems. These diversity enhancement strategies will contribute to increasing the economic and environmentalrobustness of the FLP sectors.; Les filières fruits, légumes et pomme de terre (FLP) se caractérisent par une diversité structurelle importante liée aux nombreuses espèces et variétés cultivées et à des structures de production et de commercialisation très variées. La très forte concurrence imposée par les circuits longs de la grande distribution et de l’import-export a progressivement entrainé pour des raisons de rationalité économique une spécialisation des bassins de production et d’une partie des exploitations avec une standardisation des moyens de production et des produits, mais aussi la disparition de nombreuses petites exploitations. Globalement, ces évolutions se sont traduites par une érosion des surfaces et une diminution des volumes produits pour la majorité des filières à l’exception de la pomme de terre et de certains fruits à coque. Néanmoins, le dynamisme de certaines filières « produit » a entrainé un regain de compétitivité et/ou une meilleure valorisation de l’offre grâce à des démarches portant sur le développement de systèmes à haute technicité, la réduction d’utilisation des produits de synthèse, la segmentation et la différenciation commerciale, et la création de signes de qualité. Par ailleurs, le renouveau des circuits courts et de proximité permet depuis peu de développer dans toutes les régions un tissu d’exploitations très diversifiées. L’émergence d’une forte attente pour les produits de l’agriculture biologique et pour des systèmes agro-alimentaires sains et durables offre aujourd’hui de nouvelles opportunités. Pour en bénéficier, les filières FLP devront élaborer des stratégies cohérentes afin de renforcer les complémentarités et les synergies entre différents systèmes de production, de transformation et de commercialisation. Ces stratégies de valorisation de la diversité contribueront à accroitre la robustesse économique et environnementale des filières FLP.

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    Authors: Ensslen, Axel; Babrowski, Sonja; Jochem, Patrick; Fichtner, Wolf;
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/...
    Conference object . 2012
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    Authors: Zaplana, Tom;

    Le développement de sources d'énergie renouvelables nécessite l'optimisation de la conversion de la biomasse végétale en biocarburants tels que le butanol. Les Clostridia, et plus particulièrement Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans, sont des bactéries anaérobies capables de dégrader la cellulose et de produire des composés d'intérêt, ce qui en fait des candidates idéales pour cette transformation.Cette thèse vise à repousser les limites de l'ingénierie métabolique de L. phytofermentans pour optimiser la production de butanol. Les objectifs principaux sont : (1) développer une souche évoluée capable de résister à de fortes concentrations de butanol, (2) introduire une voie de synthèse du butanol via des approches de biologie synthétique, et (3) implémenter un système CRISPRi pour moduler le métabolisme central de manière précise.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, plusieurs approches ont été mises en œuvre. L. phytofermentans a été soumise à une évolution dirigée sur 480 jours dans un automate de cultures continues (appelé GM3), aboutissant à une souche résistante au butanol. La caractérisation phénotypique et génomique de cette souche a permis d'identifier plus de 500 mutations associées à la résistance. Parallèlement, une voie de synthèse du butanol a été conçue et transformé dans L.phytofermentans. Un biosenseur spécifique du butanol a été adapté pour détecter sa production.Enfin, un système CRISPRi basé sur dLbCas12a a été développé, permettant le clonage jusqu'à huit guides pour réprimer spécifiquement des gènes clés du métabolisme.La souche évoluée, PHY24.0#6, a montré une tolérance accrue au butanol, un temps de génération réduit de moitié et une densité de croissance maximale augmentée de 1,3 fois. L'analyse de la membrane plasmique a révélé une composition en acides gras plus longs et plus insaturés. Bien que la production de butanol n'ait pas été détectée après l'introduction de la voie de synthèse, le biosenseur spécifique a été intégré avec succès. Le système CRISPRi a permis de réprimer l'expression de gènes du métabolisme central jusqu'à 20 fois, y compris des gènes dont la délétion serait létale, comme le trio Cphy_1326-1327-0089 responsable de la production d'acétate et de dihydrogène.Ces travaux ont permis d'améliorer la tolérance de L.phytofermentans au butanol et de développer des outils moléculaires innovants tels que le système CRISPRi multiplex. Ces avancées contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du métabolisme de cette bactérie et ouvrent des perspectives pour optimiser la production durable de biocarburants à partir de biomasse végétale. Les approches développées pourraient être transposées à d'autres modèles de Clostridia, favorisant ainsi le développement de solutions énergétiques innovantes et respectueuses de l'environnement. The development of renewable energy sources requires optimization of the conversion of plant biomass into biofuels such as butanol. Clostridia, and more specifically Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans, are anaerobic bacteria capable of degrading cellulose and producing compounds of interest, making them ideal candidates for this transformation.This thesis aims to push back the limits of metabolic engineering of L. phytofermentans to optimize butanol production. The main objectives are: (1) to develop an evolved strain capable of withstanding high concentrations of butanol, (2) to introduce a butanol synthesis pathway via synthetic biology approaches, and (3) to implement a CRISPRi system to precisely modulate central metabolism.To achieve these objectives, several approaches were implemented. L. phytofermentans was subjected to directed evolution over 480 days in a continuous culture automaton (called GM3), resulting in a butanol-resistant strain. Phenotypic and genomic characterization of this strain identified over 500 mutations associated with resistance. In parallel, a butanol synthesis pathway was designed and introduced into L. phytofermentans, and a butanol-specific biosensor was adapted to detect its production.Finally, a CRISPRi system based on dLbCas12a was developed, enabling the cloning of up to eight guides into a plasmid to specifically repress key metabolic genes.The evolved strain, PHY24.0#6, showed increased tolerance to butanol, a halved generation time and a 1.3-fold increase in maximum growth density. Analysis of the plasma membrane revealed a composition of longer, more unsaturated fatty acids. Although butanol production was not detected after introduction of the synthetic pathway, the specific biosensor was successfully integrated. The CRISPRi system was able to repress the expression of central metabolism genes up to 20-fold, including genes whose deletion would be lethal, such as the Cphy_1326-1327-0089 trio, responsible for the acetate and dihydrogen production.This work has made it possible to improve the tolerance of L. phytofermentans to butanol, and to develop innovative molecular tools such as the multiplex CRISPRi system. These advances contribute to a better understanding of this bacterium's metabolism and open prospects for optimizing the sustainable production of biofuels from plant biomass. The approaches developed could be transposed to other models of Clostridia, thereby fostering the development of innovative, environmentally friendly energy solutions.

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