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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object 2007 FranceAuthors: Fumey, Gilles;Le marquage alimentaire géographique a souvent été perçu comme une forme de protection contre les copies et, d'une manière générale, la mauvaise qualité. Ce qu'il a été en son temps. Mais on n'a jamais bien perçu, qu'en réalité, derrière ce système, ce n'était pas le passé, la "tradition", l'histoire qui étaient mis en valeur. Ce système a joué le rôle d'une forme de capitalisation des savoir-faire, formulés par le législateur, pour inscrire le produit dans la durée, autant dans le passé que dans le futur. Comment la géographie a-t-elle pu jouer ce rôle capitalistique ? Par le jeu des échelles. En agrandissant les marchés, en mondialisant les produits, la qualité a été renforcée par la rareté, l’unicité (qu'il a fallu parfois combattre, les Champenois le savent bien) et, finalement, l’inaliénabilité des produits et des mets. Ainsi, la géographie qui devait se fondre dans le temps tourbillonnant du capitalisme et du libéralisme, est-elle devenue une des marques de fabrique les plus sûres qui soient. Geographical food labeling was often perceived as a form of protection against counterfeiting and, generally speaking, lower quality. Which was the case in its time. However, it was never well understood that in reality, behind this system, it was not the past, the “tradition, the history that were emphasized. This system has played the role of a form of capitalization of know-how, as expressed by the regulator, to consider the products in the long-term perspective, as much the past than the future. How geography managed to play this capitalizing role? By the means of scales. By enlarging markets, globalizing products, it was reinforced by its scarcity, its uniqueness (which sometimes had to be fought, the Champagne producers know it well) and finally its inalienability. Thus, geography, which was to blend in the whirl of capitalism and liberalism, became one of the most trustworthy trade marks.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016 FranceEl propósito de esta ponencia es examinar cómo, en Francia, los ciudadanos dan una respuesta al desafío climático mientras se desarrolla una ciudad sobria y sostenible « a la francesa ». Su característica principal es garantizar el diseño de un hábitat laboratorio donde se expérimentan soluciones técnicas y urbanísticas para lograr el factor 4 a escala de la ciudad. Lo que está presentado como un problema social sin precedentes desarollado mediante la movilización en los discursos del concepto de transición, parece depender, para las autoridades francesas, de la necesidad de influir en los estilos de vida a través de la distribución de ciertos instrucciones para « bien vivir » la ciudad. Sus propósitos son de preservar la eficacia de las soluciones técnicas movilizadas, que así combinadas, proponen un hábitat del futuro basado en el desempeño de los sistemas. En el contexto de las prácticas domésticas cotidianas, la manera en que los hogares se adhieren a la lucha contra el cambio climático aparece sin embargo significativa de la movilización de los conocimientos puestos al servicio de la voluntad de vivir de manera diferente, mientras se desarrollan soluciones arquitectónicas y técnicas mejorando la difusión de viviendas sostenibles basadas en la prescripción. Esta ponencia mostrará la aparación por primera vez en Francia, de una ciudad sostenible basada en la sobriedad de los sistemas y en el incentivo para el cambio de las prácticas y movilidades domésticas. Luego, dos investigaciones cualitativas ayudarán a poner de relieve cómo los hogares están desarrollando prácticas alternativas reflejando un deseo de « hacer sobrio de otra manera ». Especialmente basándose en el trueque o en el intercambio de conocimientos. Una de las dos encuestas, realizada en un conjunto de viviendas sociales de Nanterre, mostrará también cómo hogares pobres: contradicen la situación de requisito bastante desarollada que descalifica sus propias experiencias de sobriedad. Desarrollan diaramente prácticas proveedoras de solidaridad y comparten conocimientos de uso con fuerte valor añadido del punto de vista social y sostenible. This paper explores how French urban residents are responding to climate issues given the emergence of a sober and sustainable French city model based on reducing energy consumption. The purpose of this model is to create a laboratory wherein technology and planning solutions for the realization of Factor 4 goals are tested at the citywide scale. For the public authorities in France, this unprecedented societal challenge, formalised by means of using the notion of transition, appears to require modifying lifestyles by issuing advice so that the city can be « inhabited well ». Their goal is to safeguard the effectiveness of the technical solutions used that, together, propose housing based on system performance. In terms of ordinary household practices, the way residents subscribe to the fight against climate change is nevertheless indicative of the mobilization of knowledge to live differently, despite the development of architectural and technical solutions valorizing change in domestic practices. First and foremost, this article will show the emergence of a sustainable city in France founded on frugal systems and encouraging change in domestic practices. Then, based on two ethnological surveys, it will highlight the extent to which households are developing alternative practices that demonstrate a desire to « faire sobriété autrement », in other words, « do frugality differently ». We can show how households develop daily practices that purvey solidarity and pool knowledge of uses with high social and sustainable value added. Cet article interroge la manière dont les citadins donnent une réponse à l’enjeu climatique et énergétique alors que se développe une ville sobre et durable à la française valorisant la diffusion d’un habitat où s’expérimentent les solutions techniques et urbanistiques qui permettront d’atteindre le facteur 4. Pour les pouvoirs publics, cet enjeu de société inédit semble passer, par la nécessité d’infléchir les modes de vie et par la diffusion de consignes permettant de « bien habiter » la ville. Elles consistent à préserver l’efficacité des solutions techniques et valorisent un habitat du futur fondé sur la performance des systèmes. Néanmoins, dans le contexte des pratiques domestiques ordinaires, la façon dont les ménages souscrivent à la lutte contre le changement climatique révèle la mobilisation de savoirs mis au service d’une volonté d’habiter autrement. Fondées sur l’analyse d’un quotidien pluriel, deux enquêtes qualitatives réalisées en Ile-de-France ont identifié les dynamiques sociales et les ressorts résidentiels ou symboliques qui concourent à l’émergence de modes d’habiter valorisant la sobriété énergétique.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right External research report 2011 FranceAuthors:Perrin, Charles;
Bourgin, Pierre-Yves;Perrin, Charles
Perrin, Charles in OpenAIREVidal, Jean-Philippe;
Vidal, Jean-Philippe
Vidal, Jean-Philippe in OpenAIRESauquet, Eric;
+2 AuthorsSauquet, Eric
Sauquet, Eric in OpenAIREPerrin, Charles;
Bourgin, Pierre-Yves;Perrin, Charles
Perrin, Charles in OpenAIREVidal, Jean-Philippe;
Vidal, Jean-Philippe
Vidal, Jean-Philippe in OpenAIRESauquet, Eric;
Chazot, Sébastien; Norotte, Thomas;Sauquet, Eric
Sauquet, Eric in OpenAIRELe Lot Hydrologie de surface produit des débits simulés en temps présent et temps futur pour une sélection de plus d'un millier de bassins répartis sur le territoire national. Ces débits simulés sont issus de deux modèles hydrologiques, SIM et GR4J, que l'on a alimentés avec les scénarios de changement climatiques fournis par Météo-France. Pour chaque station, on dispose donc de chroniques journalières de débits sur la période de référence (1961-1990) et sur la période future (2045-2065). Pour caractériser les évolutions entre ces deux périodes, il faut calculer un certain nombre de descripteurs qui permettront de rendre compte des changements sur les régimes, les crues, ou les étiages (en termes de tendances à la hausse ou à la baisse). Nous proposons dans cette note un certain nombre de descripteurs qui seront calculés pour chaque bassin. Ces descripteurs seront complétés par des descripteurs sur l'évolution des caractéristiques climatiques et sur les performances des modèles, qui peuvent aider à l'interprétation des résultats.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2014 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Authors: Ben Touhami, Haythem;Les prairies représentent 45% de la surface agricole en France et 40% en Europe, ce qui montre qu’il s’agit d’un secteur important particulièrement dans un contexte de changement climatique où les prairies contribuent d’un côté aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre et en sont impactées de l’autre côté. L’enjeu de cette thèse a été de contribuer à l’évaluation des incertitudes dans les sorties de modèles de simulation de prairies (et utilisés dans les études d’impact aux changements climatiques) dépendant du paramétrage du modèle. Nous avons fait appel aux méthodes de la statistique Bayésienne, basées sur le théorème de Bayes, afin de calibrer les paramètres d’un modèle référent et améliorer ainsi ses résultats en réduisant l’incertitude liée à ses paramètres et, par conséquent, à ses sorties. Notre démarche s’est basée essentiellement sur l’utilisation du modèle d’écosystème prairial PaSim, déjà utilisé dans plusieurs projets européens pour simuler l’impact des changements climatiques sur les prairies. L’originalité de notre travail de thèse a été d’adapter la méthode Bayésienne à un modèle d’écosystème complexe comme PaSim (appliqué dans un contexte de climat altéré et à l’échelle du territoire européen) et de montrer ses avantages potentiels dans la réduction d’incertitudes et l’amélioration des résultats, en combinant notamment méthodes statistiques (technique Bayésienne et analyse de sensibilité avec la méthode de Morris) et outils informatiques (couplage code R-PaSim et utilisation d’un cluster de calcul). Cela nous a conduit à produire d’abord un nouveau paramétrage pour des sites prairiaux soumis à des conditions de sécheresse, et ensuite à un paramétrage commun pour les prairies européennes. Nous avons également fourni un outil informatique de calibration générique pouvant être réutilisé avec d’autres modèles et sur d’autres sites. Enfin, nous avons évalué la performance du modèle calibré par le biais de la technique Bayésienne sur des sites de validation, et dont les résultats ont confirmé l’efficacité de cette technique pour la réduction d’incertitude et l’amélioration de la fiabilité des sorties. Grasslands cover 45% of the agricultural area in France and 40% in Europe. Grassland ecosystems have a central role in the climate change context, not only because they are impacted by climate changes but also because grasslands contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the assessment of uncertainties in the outputs of grassland simulation models, which are used in impact studies, with focus on model parameterization. In particular, we used the Bayesian statistical method, based on Bayes’ theorem, to calibrate the parameters of a reference model, and thus improve performance by reducing the uncertainty in the parameters and, consequently, in the outputs provided by models. Our approach is essentially based on the use of the grassland ecosystem model PaSim (Pasture Simulation model) already applied in a variety of international projects to simulate the impact of climate changes on grassland systems. The originality of this thesis was to adapt the Bayesian method to a complex ecosystem model such as PaSim (applied in the context of altered climate and across the European territory) and show its potential benefits in reducing uncertainty and improving the quality of model outputs. This was obtained by combining statistical methods (Bayesian techniques and sensitivity analysis with the method of Morris) and computing tools (R code -PaSim coupling and use of cluster computing resources). We have first produced a new parameterization for grassland sites under drought conditions, and then a common parameterization for European grasslands. We have also provided a generic software tool for calibration for reuse with other models and sites. Finally, we have evaluated the performance of the calibrated model through the Bayesian technique against data from validation sites. The results have
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2021 FranceL’objectif de la planification urbaine est de promouvoir le développement local, en préservant les écosystèmes locaux et la qualité de vie des résidents. Il s’agit d’inscrire les villes dans la durabilité et, notamment, de relever certains défis comme le changement climatique, la perte de biodiversité, le maintien d’une bonne qualité de vie et l’atténuation des risques. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche s’intéresse aux sols, envisagés comme écosystèmes pouvant contribuer à relever ces défis. Le terrain d’étude est la ville de Marseille, France. Notre objectif a été : (1) d’explorer la contribution des sols urbains aux enjeux de durabilité urbaine via leur caractérisation détaillée, et (2) d’étudier leur prise en compte dans l’urbanisme. Les résultats indiquent que la potentialité des sols urbains pour l’agriculture urbaine et leur biodiversité sont faibles, et ils présentent des anomalies en éléments en trace. Cependant, ces sols sont aussi un réservoir de la biodiversité locale, ont une aptitude à atténuer le risque d’inondation par ruissellement, et la biodisponibilité des polluants inorganiques y est faible. La prise en compte des sols urbains est en général réduite dans la planification urbaine, mais les documents locaux d’urbanisme présentent des dispositions indirectes pour conserver les sols. Les acteurs de l’urbanisme sont conscients de la nécessité d’améliorer leur prise en compte et soulignent que la faible intégration découle du manque d’information disponible. Cette recherche montre le potentiel des sols urbains et précise les besoins des urbanistes The aim of urban planning is to promote local development, while preserving local ecosystems and the quality of life of residents. This is about making cities sustainable and, addressing challenges such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, maintaining a good quality of life and mitigating risks. In this context, this research covers soils, seen as local ecosystems that can help to meet these challenges. The study area is the city of Marseilles, France. Our objectives were: (1) to explore the contribution of urban soils to urban sustainability issues through their in-depth characterization, and (2) to study their consideration in urbanism. The results indicate that the potential of urban soils for urban agriculture and their biodiversity are poor, and they present anomalies in trace elements. However, these soils are also a reservoir of local biodiversity, have an ability to mitigate the risk of flooding by runoff, and the bioavailability of inorganic pollutants is low. The consideration of urban soils is generally reduced in urban planning, but indirectly town planning documents do contain provisions for conserving urban soils. Urban practitioners are aware of the need to improve their consideration in urbanism, and they point out that this relative weak integration stems from the lack of available data and information. Finally, this research shows the potential of urban soils and specifies the needs of urban planners
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Conference object 2022 FranceAuthors:Rouch,, Laly;
Rouch,, Laly
Rouch,, Laly in OpenAIREFollain, Stéphane;
Pimet, Eric; Florian, Bizouard,; +2 AuthorsFollain, Stéphane
Follain, Stéphane in OpenAIRERouch,, Laly;
Rouch,, Laly
Rouch,, Laly in OpenAIREFollain, Stéphane;
Pimet, Eric; Florian, Bizouard,;Follain, Stéphane
Follain, Stéphane in OpenAIREHénault, Catherine;
Hénault, Catherine
Hénault, Catherine in OpenAIREBlouin, Manuel;
Blouin, Manuel
Blouin, Manuel in OpenAIREDespite the possible mitigation of carbon emissions by favoring carbon transfer to terrestrial carbon sinks, little is knownabout the capacity of different crop genotypes to enhance soil carbon sequestration. We hypothesize that carbon sequestrationpotential linked to old wheat varieties (released before 1960) is higher than the one linked to modern ones while old varietiesare known to develop bigger and deeper root systems. Moreover, modern varieties are often cultivated using syntheticchemical inputs known to modify soil carbon dynamics. We conducted a field experiment by cultivating four modern andfour old wheat varieties, with and without chemical inputs (nitrogen, herbicide and fungicide), in Calcaric Cambisolconditions. After root and soil sampling, root morphology was assessed by image analysis, whereas potential catabolicactivities by soil microbial communities was assessed by MicroResp ™ measurements. Additionally, CO2 emissionsmeasurements were done by incubating soil and roots from each agronomic modality. Results suggest that the genotype (oldversus modern varieties) did not affect root traits nor substrates respiration, but the soil from old variety modalities released6% more CO2 than the one from modern ones. Application of inputs did not affect root traits, but increased soil microbialrespiration by 11%. Inputs also increased the respiration of citric acid by 19.1%, while it decreased respiration of fructose andalanine by 8.84% and 16.79%, respectively. Taken together, our results invalidate the hypothesis that old varieties could bemore performant than modern ones in storing carbon in this specific soil.
HAL INRAE arrow_drop_down HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)Other literature type . 2022Data sources: HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert HAL INRAE arrow_drop_down HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)Other literature type . 2022Data sources: HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022 FrancePublisher:HAL CCSD Malgré un certain déclin, il est remarquable de constater que les« communaux » sont encore nombreux en milieu rural, en France comme dansbien d’autres pays. Aujourd’hui encore des communautés d’habitants ouvillageoises sont associées à la vie de ces systèmes fonciers « collectifs », lesquelsassurent, à travers les liens que constituent les droits d’usage, un rôle de cohésionsociale. A partir d’un travail d’enquête, cet article montre les traits singuliers del’identité de ces communautés centrées sur le foncier. Although somewhat in decline, it is noteworthy that “collective” landtenure systems are still common in rural areas in France as in many othercountries. Even today, rural communities are still bound up with these “specific”land tenure systems which, through the ties provided by rights of use, play a rolein ensuring social cohesion. This article, based on survey research, illustrates theidentifying features of these communities that revolve around land tenure.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Part of book or chapter of book 2023 FrancePublisher:Array Authors: Welté, Jean-Baptiste;Pez, Virginie;
Pez, Virginie
Pez, Virginie in OpenAIREDabadie, Isabelle;
Dabadie, Isabelle
Dabadie, Isabelle in OpenAIREInternational audience
Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la SociétéPart of book or chapter of book . 2023HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)Other literature type . 2023Data sources: HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Hyper Article en Lig... arrow_drop_down Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la SociétéPart of book or chapter of book . 2023HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)Other literature type . 2023Data sources: HAL - Université de Bourgogne (HAL-uB)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=dedup_wf_002::3133a5e4e313bd2fc9934b14ebc51e09&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right External research report 2008 FranceAuthors: Dronne, Yves; Forslund, Agneta;Gohin, Alexandre;
Gohin, Alexandre
Gohin, Alexandre in OpenAIRELevert, Fabrice;
Levert, Fabrice
Levert, Fabrice in OpenAIRECe document a pour objectif de donner un aperçu de la situation des biocarburants dans quelques pays sélectionnés dans le monde en 2006 ainsi qu’une estimation de ce que pourrait être la situation dans ces mêmes pays en 2015. L’objectif est de fournir les éléments chiffrés qui serviront de base à la formulation des jeux d’hypothèses pour 2015 et 2020 qui seront utilisés ultérieurement dans les simulations réalisées avec le modèle OLEOSIM. Les pays étudiés ont ainsi été regroupés dans les 15 zones géographiques mondiales retenues dans ce modèle. Ce travail s'inscrit dans un travail de simulation visant à évaluer les conséquences des politiques de biocarburants de l'UE et des grands producteurs à l'horizon 2020.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______9730::cec2c05d225a9b9348310ec0deaf8789&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______9730::cec2c05d225a9b9348310ec0deaf8789&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2011 FranceAuthors: Detry, Nicolas;L’article s’appuie sur 4 projets réalisés à Lyon : des immeubles anciens restaurés et réhabilités avec des degrés d’intervention adaptés à chaque cas. Un projet (encore inachevé) est aussi évoqué : la maison de Jacques-Joseph et Jean-François Champollion à Vif, près de Grenoble, qui doit être restaurée et transformée en lieu de mémoire. A travers ces exemples, nous tentons de montrer comment la restauration d’immeubles anciens dans le centre des villes (comme Lyon , patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO), peut s’inscrire dans un objectif de développement durable. Bien que ces projets soient formellement assez différents, on y retrouve une même méthode de travail, une approche théorique commune. Il s’agit de projeter l’existant dans une démarché écologique globale. Cela conduit, via l’analyse et le projet, à la compréhension des valeurs multiples du patrimoine architectural (valeur d’art et d’histoire, authenticité, mémoire, créativité, rôle social et urbain…). L’approche dite « de la restauration critique et créative », héritée de l’école de Rome (Giovanni Carbonara) constitue pour nous, un ensemble de lignes guides auxquelles nous faisons souvent référence.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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