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学位:千大院薬博乙第211号

ベンゼン, エタノール, 水系に対する共沸蒸留計算を緩和法を用いて行い, 種々の操作条件に対して分離数および熱力学的効率の両面から最適操作条件を検討した。気液モル流量比に関しては第1塔は1.3以下, 第2塔は1.2以下が望ましい。また塔内圧力が上昇すると, エタノールと水の分離が悪くなり, 分離数および熱力学的効率が低下する。さらにベンゼン相と水相の分離を良くするために, デカンターに水を供給した場合, エタノールと水の分離は良くなるが, リボイラー部での必要熱量が増加すること等の新しい知見を得た。 The relaxation method was used for azeotropic distillation calculations. For the Benzene-Ethanol-Water system, various operating conditions were examined by use of thermodynamic efficiency and separation number. For vapor-liquid calculations NRTL Eq. was used, and Eq. (3) was used for separation number calculations. Eqs. (4), (5), (6) were used for thermodynamic efficiency calculations. A schematic drawing of azeotropic distillation column is shown in Fig. 1. It was found from Figs. 3, 4, 5 that the ratio of liquid to vapor flow rate for the first column should be less than 1.3. From Figs. 6, 7, 8, it was also found that the ratio of liquid to vapor flow rate for the second column should be less than 1.2. Fig. 9 shows that both the thermodynamic efficiency and separation number were maximized when the temperature of the feed was in the boiling condition. The maximum thermodynamic efficiency was about 0.07. Figs. 10, 11, indicated that as the pressure of the column decreased, the separation of ethanol and water improved. Fig. 11, showed that as the pressure increased, the thermodynamic efficiency decreased. Fig. 12 shows the relation between mole fraction of bottom liquid and water feed rate to the decanter. It indicated that as the water feed rate to the decanter increased, the separation of bottom liquid in the second column improved. But from Fig. 13, it was observed that the greater the water feed rate to the decanter was the greater the reboiler duty.

Meeting Information: Space Utilization Research (January 19-20, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan 会議情報: 第30回宇宙環境利用シンポジウム (2016年1月19日-20日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県

We are working to develop a support system for process planning in machining. In the 1st part of this investigation, to improve the system’s applicability to products with a large number of holes, a greedy algorithm was used to search among solutions. Through comparison of the machining time obtained by the system with that obtained by operator design, it was confirmed that the configuration of the system is valid. To take the system’s two objective functions into account simultaneously, namely, minimization of machining time and minimization of electric energy consumption, here we propose a method to convert them into costs. The results show that process planning that prioritizes machining time instead of electric energy consumption is realistic, and that the percentages of the costs for machining time and electric energy consumption included in the machining cost vary depending on the shape of the workpiece.

In order to improve the applicability to products having a large number of holes, the greedy algorithm is used in the process of searching for the solution. The constitution of the system was confirmed to be valid from a comparison between the machining time obtained by a proposed system and operator design. Then, the cutting force in milling and drilling processes performed on a workpiece having a large number of holes and steps is calculated through application of cutting models proposed by Usui et al., and the machining power and electric energy are estimated on the basis of the calculated cutting force. To enable process planning in which two objective functions such as machining time and electric energy are taken into consideration, it is proposed that convert those quantities to cost.

Recently, biodiesel has attracted attention as a possible petroleum substitute. Biodiesel is an alternate diesel fuel formed from triacylglycerols, which are the principal ingredient of oils and fats. However, in Japan, there is not enough land space to cultivate the raw materials for such oils and fats, and most imported oils and fats are used for food purposes, such as cooking oil. Furthermore, most of the waste cooking oils includes animal fats which contain long-chain saturated compounds and free fatty acids. The former has a high freezing point and the latter forms a soap with the alkali catalyst used in biodiesel production, reducing the yield. The biodiesel production from the waste cooking oil was examined. As a result, it was clarified that ion-exchange resin two step method is suitable for waste oil with little animal fats, and the pyrolysis method is suitable for waste oil with much animal fats.

It is important to know the accurate spectrum and its spatial distribution of cosmic neutrons for radiological protection of spacecraft crew. However, measurement of high-energy neutrons (greater than 20 MeV) is still difficult because detector signals from neutrons are mixed with those from other components such as protons and heavy ions. We thus try to develop a portable monitoring system that can simply measure energetic cosmic neutrons in addition to protons, heavy ions and photons/electrons. For testing the feasibility of our concept, experiments of cosmic radiation measurements were performed in a jet aircraft using several detectors. Measured doses are compared to model calculations. It was verified that cosmic neutrons could be distinguished with a phoswich-type detector.

In Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, a number of farmers adopt the forcing agriculture with the greenhouses. They need to keep template constant inside the greenhouses in winter. In recent years, not only air pollution caused by oil burners, but also land and water pollution caused by excess chemical fertilizer, become problematic in the region. This paper proposes multiple new agricultural policies for the environmental pollutions focusing on Oyodo River basin. The river is the typical agricultural region in Miyazaki Prefecture. Based on multiattribute utility analysis, this paper selects the most preferred policy. The local government unit of Miyazaki Prefecture is assumed to be the decision maker, and the decision maker regards to not only the public interests but also the preference of regional farmers.

We started to develop a new space dosimeter named 'Position Sensitive Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (PS-TEPC)' with tissue equivalency and position sensitivity. This detector consists of the Micro Pixel Chamber (micro-PIC) which is a kind of the micro-pattern gas detector. Heavy ions irradiation experiments were performed at HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba) of NIRS (National Institute for Radiological Sciences) using the detector with the sensitive volume of 26 x 26 x 55 cu mm.