• Energy Research

Abstract This paper describes the integration of the pico turbines in the drinking water network of the city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain). World's drinking water supply companies need updates his infrastructure and technology to turn existing networks into smart water networks, to preserve people's health by ensuring the potability of water for human consumption. The essential parameters for water quality (such as chlorine level, pH, turbidity and others) can be easily measured using sensors inserted in the pipes and in the storage and distribution tanks. Access to this information in real time and immediate action is essential to ensure the health of the people who access this vital element. It is therefore essential to increase the number of sensors and the analysis of the data they provide in order to detect anomalies, correct them and anticipate their consequences. Some of the objectives are the correct measurement of meters to detect leaks and anomalous consumption, saving water and energy, avoiding water and air pollution, achieving efficient supply to the consumer and achieving profitable, efficient and environmentally sustainable urban hydraulic systems. All systems require power, the pico turbines inserted in the network can supply power without affecting the normal operation of the network. Pico turbines are highly efficient, low cost and easy to install systems, but they are not widely used. The case exposed in this city could be replicated in many urban systems, it is novel that there is no literature of massive applications, existing a wide capacity of implantation and development of this technology. When it seems that the locations for the installation of hydroelectric plants have been exhausted, it is time to commit to the development of this mature technology on the micro-scale of the infrastructures already created, the novelty is to continue discovering those places where there is untapped energy potential. There is capacity to grow in very small hydroelectric systems with immediate profitability. The researchers in this article describe the first phase of an investigation that has gone hand in hand with its validation and actual exploitation. The aim is for managers not to forget this technology, which has a very wide growth field to satisfy the small demand for distributed energy in water networks of all types. The authors hope that the results of the research carried out will motivate other technicians to apply the energy potential of their water networks for the self-sufficiency of their control, remote control, chemical dosage and water analysis systems. The applications they carry out will be immediately profitable.

This research presents a 100% renewable energy (RE) scenario by 2050 with a high share of electric vehicles on the grid (V2G) developed in Ecuador with the support of the EnergyPLAN analysis tool. Hour-by-hour data iterations were performed to determine solutions among various features, including energy storage, V2G connections that spanned the distribution system, and long-term evaluation. The high participation in V2G connections keeps the electrical system available; meanwhile, the high proportions of variable renewable energy are the pillar of the joint electrical system. The layout of the sustainable mobility scenario and the high V2G participation maintain the balance of the electrical system during most of the day, simplifying the storage equipment requirements. Consequently, the influence of V2G systems on storage is a significant result that must be considered in the energy transition that Ecuador is developing in the long term. The stored electricity will not only serve as storage for future grid use. Additionally, the V2G batteries serve as a buffer between generation from diversified renewable sources and the end-use stage.

Climate-change-related events are increasing the costs of power outages, including losses of product, revenue, and productivity. Given the increase in meteorological disasters in recent years related to climate change effects, the number of costly blackouts, from an economic perspective, has increased in a directly proportional manner. As a result, there is increasing interest in the use of alternators to supply dependable, instantaneous, and uninterruptible electricity. Traditional research has focused on the installation of diesel backup systems to ensure power requirements without deeply considering the resilience capabilities of systems, which is the ability of a system to recover or survive adversity, such as a power outage. This research presents a novel approach focusing on the resiliency impact of backup systems’ storage-free dispatchable solutions on buildings and compares the advantages and disadvantages of biomethane microturbines, natural gas engines, and diesel engines backup systems, discussing the revenue resulting from the resilience provided by emergency generators. The results show that, for several diesel fuel and natural gas safety assumptions, natural gas alternators have a lower probability of failure at the time of a blackout than diesel generators, and therefore, resilience increases.

Energy consumption in the transport sector and buildings are of great concern. This research aims to quantify how eco-routing, eco-driving and eco-charging can increase the amount of energy available for vehicle-to-building. To do this, the working population was broken into social groups (freelancers, local workers and commuters) who reside in two cities with different climate zones (Alcalá de Henares-Spain and Jaén-Spain) since the way of using electric vehicles is different. An algorithm based on the Here® application program interface and neural networks was implemented to acquire data of the stochastic usage of EVs of each social group. Finally, an increase in the amount of energy available for vehicle-to-building was assessed thanks to the algorithm. The results per day were as follows. Owing to the algorithm proposed a reduction ranging from 0.6 kWh to 2.2 kWh was obtained depending on social groups. The proposed algorithm facilitated an increase in energy available for vehicle-to-building ranging from 13.2 kWh to 33.6 kWh depending on social groups. The results show that current charging policies are not compatible with all social groups and do not consider the renewable energy contribution to the total electricity demand.

[EN] Buildings are one of the most important energy consumers worldwide and heating requirements are usually achieved using fossil fuels. This situation poses a risk to achieving the objectives for emissions reduction in existing buildings and electrification, based on heat pumps. It is one of the most feasible solutions to achieve emissions reduction objectives. Current research analyzes the potential for decarbonization of heat pumps and uses the Spanish scenario as a novel case study, where 8.5% of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere came from the residential sector, with 66% of the energy consumption associated with cooling and heating. Using EnergyPlan the potential of decarbonization using heat pumps or heating systems in existing buildings and installing this technology in new buildings is analyzed. Results show a reduction of 8.43% in total emissions and prove that the proposed methodology can be extended worldwide as a solution to reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency in existent heating systems in buildings. Moreover, the integration of electrical climatization systems allows increasing the renewable electricity share in the grid or electrical vehicles integration, among others. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd SI

Abstract Offshore wind energy generation has experienced an important growth in the last five years, reaching currently an installed capacity of almost 8000 MW. The most important references in this type of technology are Denmark, Holland, Sweden, Germany and United Kingdom. In Spain, previsions for technology, have been set at around 750 MW of installed power during the period 2011–2020. However, Spanish coastal features, social opposition to installations near the coast and lack of a stable regulatory environment guaranteeing the investments are factors which are restraining the development of this technology. This paper presents a brief review of the state of the art of offshore wind technology and it describes the most frequently used types of turbines, transmission systems and support structures in Europe. It also presents the current situation and the expected growth of offshore wind power facilities, introducing the characteristics of the operational – and under construction – windfarms. Finally, it analyses particular problems and solutions for its development in Spain which can be extrapolated to countries with similar circumstances.

Due to the increasing population and global industrial sector development in recent decades there has been a rapid increase in global water requirements. 136 119 0,17 Q3 7,5