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  • Energy Research
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane;

    The storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motor; Le stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modèle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaînes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaîne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modèle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modèle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaîne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteur

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane; Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane;

    The storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motor Le stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modèle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaînes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaîne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modèle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modèle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaîne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteur

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kerzreho, Corentin;

    This work takes place into a multidisciplinary project, gathering mechanical and electromechanical specialists, with the aim to design a 3kWh household electromechanical battery module. The energy is stored as kinetic one in a flywheel. The main characteristics of this battery are a high yield, a long life duration and a minimal discharge time over one hour. At a low cost, it could be used in conjunction with alternative electric sources and to secure and regulate home current supplies and consumption.Following a literature review of the available technologies, the flywheel similitude properties are demonstrated and capabilities design coefficients are defined taking into account the stress cycles. In order to define criterions to choose the flywheel material and geometry, the results are applied to the major literatures configurations including metals, composites or ceramics. They are brought together as graphical maps and, using optimal solution surfaces, they show the compromises between the design criterions such as specific energy, energy density, maximal rotational velocity and cost.A single suited structure is then defined which integrates into the flywheel some parts of the motor-generator and of the magnetic bearings. A global design process is conducted taking into account the specific properties and the interactions between the components. The geometry of the motor-generator rotor is optimised then, improving the battery performances. The feasibility of an autofrettage process is proposed showing that endurance limit depends on flywheel slenderness. The build prototype is finally presented.; Ce travail s'insère dans un projet pluridisciplinaire regroupant des mécaniciens et des électrotechniciens. Il a permis de prédéfinir un module intégré de batterie électromécanique, de 3kWh pour 3kW, dans lequel l'énergie est accumulée sous forme cinétique. Ses principales caractéristiques sont un rendement élevé, une durée de vie importante et un temps de décharge minimal supérieur à l'heure. De faible coût, la batterie doit permettre de sécuriser et de réguler l'approvisionnement en courant d'un foyer ou d'un site isolé et s'associer à des moyens de production d'énergie alternative.Après une analyse des technologies existantes, les propriétés de similitude des familles de volants d'inertie sont démontrées et des coefficients représentatifs des performances sont définis en tenant compte de l'aspect cyclique du chargement. Dans le but d’établir des critères de choix pour la géométrie du volant et son matériau constitutif, cette démarche est appliquée aux principales structures de volant proposées dans la littérature pour les matériaux métalliques, composites et céramiques. Les résultats sont regroupés sous forme graphique mettant en avant les compromis entre les critères (énergie massique, énergie volumique, vitesse de rotation ou coût) par des surfaces de solutions optimales.En s'appuyant sur ces résultats, une structure intégrée et adaptée à notre application est proposée. Elle intègre, dans le volant, une partie des composants du moteur-générateur et des paliers magnétiques. Le prédimensionnement réalisé tient compte de leurs caractéristiques spécifiques et des couplages existant. L'amélioration des performances globales est obtenue par optimisation géométrique du rotor du moteur-générateur. Les possibilités d'une procédure d'autofrettage sont estimées. Elles montrent l'influence de l'élancement du volant sur les résultats en limite d'endurance. Enfin, le prototype réalisé est présenté.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Pousse, Emilien;

    The oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the most commercialized molluscs in the world. It is a very cosmopolitan species that has been disseminated by humans and is susceptible to various agents such as pathogens (bacteria, viruses), parasites,xenobiotics and/or toxic micro-algae. As a filter-feeder, it may accumulate phycotoxinswhile feeding on harmful algal blooms (HAB), including paralytic shellfishtoxins (PST). To protect human health shellfisheries harvesting are closed duringHAB, impacting the aquaculture industry. This PhD work aims to develop a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) based model to describe kinetics of PST accumulationand detoxification in C. gigas. Interest of coupling bio-accumulation to DEBmodel lies in the inclusion of physiological (e.g. body size, tissue composition)and environmental (food quantity and quality) variables to simulate accurately the dynamics of contaminants in marine organisms. Two experiments consisting in exposing C. gigas to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum were performed.Toxin intake was calibrated in a first short-term experiment where clearance rates and assimilation efficiency were individually measured during an exposure to toxic and non-toxic micro-algae. Metabolic rates (respiration, cardiac activity) were also assessed. This study brings new insights concerning the important inter-individualvariability of PST accumulation reported in C. gigas by identifying three phenotypes characterized by different clearance rates. Then a long-term exposure to a mixture of toxic and non-toxic micro-algae was carried out to calibrate (1)toxin elimination process, (2) PST effects on oyster bioenergetic and (3) validatea mathematical representation of particles selection. A DEB model simulating the evolution of toxin concentration via two compartments (unassimilated and assimilatedtoxins) is proposed which was validated using a laboratory dataset and field surveys. In a last part, the numerical model is then used to investigate the differences in toxification and depuration ...

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  • Authors: Mamadou, Kelli;

    Within a context of an increasing resort to intermittent renewable energy sources, the range of electrochemical storage devices is spreading and branching out to ensure a match between these intermittent sources and their applications. The design and real-time control of these storage devices require a model of their operating available energy. The electrochemical storage devices have non-linear energetic behavior, which depends on the operating conditions. This non-linearity makes the global modeling more complex. Up to now, the available energy is modeled with a state of charge (SoC) estimator, coupled with a model of the battery voltage. The interfacing of these models with other components of a system is often difficult because of the nature of the control variables. Moreover, in real time, these models can not be exploited efficiently to make forecasts of the available energy in various operating conditions. The energetic approach used here allowed us to identify a new estimator, the energy state (SoE) and to develop a direct model of the available energy for various operating conditions, without resorting to double SoC and battery voltage modeling. The SoE has been used to characterize the energy performance of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. For the latter, the accuracy in predicting the available energy has been estimated from several power profiles. ; Dans un contexte d'accroissement du recours à des sources d'énergies renouvelables intermittentes, la palette des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique s'étend et se diversifie pour assurer l'adéquation entre ces sources intermittentes et leurs applications. La conception et le contrôle en temps réel de ces dispositifs nécessitent un modèle de l'énergie disponible au cours du fonctionnement. Or, la non-linéarité du comportement énergétique des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique en fonction des conditions d'utilisation rend cette modélisation très complexe. Aujourd'hui, l'énergie disponible est modélisée grâce à un estimateur de l'état de charge ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mamadou, Kelli;

    Within a context of an increasing resort to intermittent renewable energy sources, the range of electrochemical storage devices is spreading and branching out to ensure a match between these intermittent sources and their applications. The design and real-time control of these storage devices require a model of their operating available energy. The electrochemical storage devices have non-linear energetic behavior, which depends on the operating conditions. This non-linearity makes the global modeling more complex. Up to now, the available energy is modeled with a state of charge (SoC) estimator, coupled with a model of the battery voltage. The interfacing of these models with other components of a system is often difficult because of the nature of the control variables. Moreover, in real time, these models can not be exploited efficiently to make forecasts of the available energy in various operating conditions. The energetic approach used here allowed us to identify a new estimator, the energy state (SoE) and to develop a direct model of the available energy for various operating conditions, without resorting to double SoC and battery voltage modeling. The SoE has been used to characterize the energy performance of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. For the latter, the accuracy in predicting the available energy has been estimated from several power profiles.; Dans un contexte d'accroissement du recours à des sources d'énergies renouvelables intermittentes, la palette des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique s'étend et se diversifie pour assurer l'adéquation entre ces sources intermittentes et leurs applications. La conception et le contrôle en temps réel de ces dispositifs nécessitent un modèle de l'énergie disponible au cours du fonctionnement. Or, la non-linéarité du comportement énergétique des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique en fonction des conditions d'utilisation rend cette modélisation très complexe. Aujourd'hui, l'énergie disponible est modélisée grâce à un estimateur de l'état de charge (SoC), couplé à un modèle de la tension de la batterie. L'interfaçage de ces modèles avec ceux des autres composants d'un système est souvent difficile du fait de la nature des variables de contrôle. Par ailleurs, en temps réel, ces modèles permettent difficilement de réaliser des prévisions de l'énergie disponible dans diverses conditions d'utilisation. L'approche énergétique retenue ici a permis de définir un nouvel estimateur, l'état d'énergie (SoE) et de concevoir directement un modèle de l'énergie disponible pour différentes conditions d'utilisation, sans avoir recours à une double modélisation SoC/tension. Le SoE a été utilisé pour caractériser les performances énergétiques d'accumulateurs plomb-acide et Lithium Ion. Pour ces derniers, la précision sur la prévision de l'énergie disponible a été estimée sur plusieurs profiles types.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane;

    The storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motor; Le stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modèle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaînes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaîne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modèle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modèle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaîne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteur

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane; Camara, Mohamed Ansoumane;

    The storage by ultracapacitors of photovoltaic energy is modeled in order to have an accurate and accessible model to integrate ultracapacitors into solar energy conversion systems. Ultracapacitors are modeled by a multibranch circuit representation composed of resistors and capacitors with variable voltage whose values are determined by an accurate characterization experiment. Moreover, all the elements of a typical photovoltaic energy conversion system are modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink software (solar radiation, photovoltaic panels, batteries and charges). The energy storage model by ultracapacitors is then validated by the good agreement of measured values taken in real conditions with the results provided by simulations. Finally, two examples are proposed and discussed: the determination of the storage duration of ultracapacitors versus solar irradiance and ambient temperature, and the integration of ultracapacitors in the electrical feeding system of a DC motor to reduce the electrical current peak of the battery at the start of the motor Le stockage par supercondensateurs de l'énergie photovoltaïque est modélisé afin de disposer d'un modèle suffisamment fin et accessible permettant de les intégrer dans des chaînes de conversion de l'énergie solaire. Les supercondensateurs sont modélisés par un circuit multibranche comportant des résistances et capacités variables suivant la tension, dont les valeurs sont déterminées par une expérience de caractérisation ayant une bonne précision. Par ailleurs, tous les éléments d'une chaîne typique de conversion de l'énergie photovoltaïque sont modélisés avec le logiciel Matlab/Simulink (gisement solaire, conversion photovoltaïque des panneaux, régulateur, batterie et charges). Le modèle de stockage de l'énergie photovoltaïque par supercondensateurs est ensuite validé par la bonne concordance des mesures relevées en conditions réelles avec les résultats donnés par les simulations. Enfin, deux exemples d'exploitation du modèle sont proposés et discutés : la détermination du temps de charge des supercondensateurs suivant l'éclairement solaire et la température ambiante, et l'intégration des supercondensateurs dans la chaîne d'alimentation électrique d'un moteur à courant continu permettant de réduire les sollicitations électriques sur la batterie lors de l'appel de puissance nécessaire au démarrage du moteur

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kerzreho, Corentin;

    This work takes place into a multidisciplinary project, gathering mechanical and electromechanical specialists, with the aim to design a 3kWh household electromechanical battery module. The energy is stored as kinetic one in a flywheel. The main characteristics of this battery are a high yield, a long life duration and a minimal discharge time over one hour. At a low cost, it could be used in conjunction with alternative electric sources and to secure and regulate home current supplies and consumption.Following a literature review of the available technologies, the flywheel similitude properties are demonstrated and capabilities design coefficients are defined taking into account the stress cycles. In order to define criterions to choose the flywheel material and geometry, the results are applied to the major literatures configurations including metals, composites or ceramics. They are brought together as graphical maps and, using optimal solution surfaces, they show the compromises between the design criterions such as specific energy, energy density, maximal rotational velocity and cost.A single suited structure is then defined which integrates into the flywheel some parts of the motor-generator and of the magnetic bearings. A global design process is conducted taking into account the specific properties and the interactions between the components. The geometry of the motor-generator rotor is optimised then, improving the battery performances. The feasibility of an autofrettage process is proposed showing that endurance limit depends on flywheel slenderness. The build prototype is finally presented.; Ce travail s'insère dans un projet pluridisciplinaire regroupant des mécaniciens et des électrotechniciens. Il a permis de prédéfinir un module intégré de batterie électromécanique, de 3kWh pour 3kW, dans lequel l'énergie est accumulée sous forme cinétique. Ses principales caractéristiques sont un rendement élevé, une durée de vie importante et un temps de décharge minimal supérieur à l'heure. De faible coût, la batterie doit permettre de sécuriser et de réguler l'approvisionnement en courant d'un foyer ou d'un site isolé et s'associer à des moyens de production d'énergie alternative.Après une analyse des technologies existantes, les propriétés de similitude des familles de volants d'inertie sont démontrées et des coefficients représentatifs des performances sont définis en tenant compte de l'aspect cyclique du chargement. Dans le but d’établir des critères de choix pour la géométrie du volant et son matériau constitutif, cette démarche est appliquée aux principales structures de volant proposées dans la littérature pour les matériaux métalliques, composites et céramiques. Les résultats sont regroupés sous forme graphique mettant en avant les compromis entre les critères (énergie massique, énergie volumique, vitesse de rotation ou coût) par des surfaces de solutions optimales.En s'appuyant sur ces résultats, une structure intégrée et adaptée à notre application est proposée. Elle intègre, dans le volant, une partie des composants du moteur-générateur et des paliers magnétiques. Le prédimensionnement réalisé tient compte de leurs caractéristiques spécifiques et des couplages existant. L'amélioration des performances globales est obtenue par optimisation géométrique du rotor du moteur-générateur. Les possibilités d'une procédure d'autofrettage sont estimées. Elles montrent l'influence de l'élancement du volant sur les résultats en limite d'endurance. Enfin, le prototype réalisé est présenté.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Pousse, Emilien;

    The oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the most commercialized molluscs in the world. It is a very cosmopolitan species that has been disseminated by humans and is susceptible to various agents such as pathogens (bacteria, viruses), parasites,xenobiotics and/or toxic micro-algae. As a filter-feeder, it may accumulate phycotoxinswhile feeding on harmful algal blooms (HAB), including paralytic shellfishtoxins (PST). To protect human health shellfisheries harvesting are closed duringHAB, impacting the aquaculture industry. This PhD work aims to develop a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) based model to describe kinetics of PST accumulationand detoxification in C. gigas. Interest of coupling bio-accumulation to DEBmodel lies in the inclusion of physiological (e.g. body size, tissue composition)and environmental (food quantity and quality) variables to simulate accurately the dynamics of contaminants in marine organisms. Two experiments consisting in exposing C. gigas to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum were performed.Toxin intake was calibrated in a first short-term experiment where clearance rates and assimilation efficiency were individually measured during an exposure to toxic and non-toxic micro-algae. Metabolic rates (respiration, cardiac activity) were also assessed. This study brings new insights concerning the important inter-individualvariability of PST accumulation reported in C. gigas by identifying three phenotypes characterized by different clearance rates. Then a long-term exposure to a mixture of toxic and non-toxic micro-algae was carried out to calibrate (1)toxin elimination process, (2) PST effects on oyster bioenergetic and (3) validatea mathematical representation of particles selection. A DEB model simulating the evolution of toxin concentration via two compartments (unassimilated and assimilatedtoxins) is proposed which was validated using a laboratory dataset and field surveys. In a last part, the numerical model is then used to investigate the differences in toxification and depuration ...

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  • Authors: Mamadou, Kelli;

    Within a context of an increasing resort to intermittent renewable energy sources, the range of electrochemical storage devices is spreading and branching out to ensure a match between these intermittent sources and their applications. The design and real-time control of these storage devices require a model of their operating available energy. The electrochemical storage devices have non-linear energetic behavior, which depends on the operating conditions. This non-linearity makes the global modeling more complex. Up to now, the available energy is modeled with a state of charge (SoC) estimator, coupled with a model of the battery voltage. The interfacing of these models with other components of a system is often difficult because of the nature of the control variables. Moreover, in real time, these models can not be exploited efficiently to make forecasts of the available energy in various operating conditions. The energetic approach used here allowed us to identify a new estimator, the energy state (SoE) and to develop a direct model of the available energy for various operating conditions, without resorting to double SoC and battery voltage modeling. The SoE has been used to characterize the energy performance of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. For the latter, the accuracy in predicting the available energy has been estimated from several power profiles. ; Dans un contexte d'accroissement du recours à des sources d'énergies renouvelables intermittentes, la palette des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique s'étend et se diversifie pour assurer l'adéquation entre ces sources intermittentes et leurs applications. La conception et le contrôle en temps réel de ces dispositifs nécessitent un modèle de l'énergie disponible au cours du fonctionnement. Or, la non-linéarité du comportement énergétique des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique en fonction des conditions d'utilisation rend cette modélisation très complexe. Aujourd'hui, l'énergie disponible est modélisée grâce à un estimateur de l'état de charge ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mamadou, Kelli;

    Within a context of an increasing resort to intermittent renewable energy sources, the range of electrochemical storage devices is spreading and branching out to ensure a match between these intermittent sources and their applications. The design and real-time control of these storage devices require a model of their operating available energy. The electrochemical storage devices have non-linear energetic behavior, which depends on the operating conditions. This non-linearity makes the global modeling more complex. Up to now, the available energy is modeled with a state of charge (SoC) estimator, coupled with a model of the battery voltage. The interfacing of these models with other components of a system is often difficult because of the nature of the control variables. Moreover, in real time, these models can not be exploited efficiently to make forecasts of the available energy in various operating conditions. The energetic approach used here allowed us to identify a new estimator, the energy state (SoE) and to develop a direct model of the available energy for various operating conditions, without resorting to double SoC and battery voltage modeling. The SoE has been used to characterize the energy performance of lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. For the latter, the accuracy in predicting the available energy has been estimated from several power profiles.; Dans un contexte d'accroissement du recours à des sources d'énergies renouvelables intermittentes, la palette des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique s'étend et se diversifie pour assurer l'adéquation entre ces sources intermittentes et leurs applications. La conception et le contrôle en temps réel de ces dispositifs nécessitent un modèle de l'énergie disponible au cours du fonctionnement. Or, la non-linéarité du comportement énergétique des dispositifs de stockage électrochimique en fonction des conditions d'utilisation rend cette modélisation très complexe. Aujourd'hui, l'énergie disponible est modélisée grâce à un estimateur de l'état de charge (SoC), couplé à un modèle de la tension de la batterie. L'interfaçage de ces modèles avec ceux des autres composants d'un système est souvent difficile du fait de la nature des variables de contrôle. Par ailleurs, en temps réel, ces modèles permettent difficilement de réaliser des prévisions de l'énergie disponible dans diverses conditions d'utilisation. L'approche énergétique retenue ici a permis de définir un nouvel estimateur, l'état d'énergie (SoE) et de concevoir directement un modèle de l'énergie disponible pour différentes conditions d'utilisation, sans avoir recours à une double modélisation SoC/tension. Le SoE a été utilisé pour caractériser les performances énergétiques d'accumulateurs plomb-acide et Lithium Ion. Pour ces derniers, la précision sur la prévision de l'énergie disponible a été estimée sur plusieurs profiles types.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ INRIA a CCSD electro...arrow_drop_down
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