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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2022 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Authors: Fabre, Ygor Ferreira;handle: 11449/235113
Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEB ; Este estudo faz um levantamento de pesquisas recentes relacionadas aos tipos de sistemas de armazenamento de energia que podem ser utilizados em microrredes. Em especial, os conjuntos híbridos formados pela associação de baterias e supercapacitores considerados como promissores para essa aplicação. O uso de sistemas de armazenamento permite obter ganhos com a qualidade de energia, uma vez que podem ser utilizados para estabilizar o fluxo de potência, regular a frequência e a tensão da rede. Este trabalho apresenta as atuais tecnologias e as possíveis tendências envolvendo os tipos de baterias, os sistemas de controle e os conjuntos híbridos para armazenamento de energia. Sob essa tônica, a proposta do trabalho é verificar a viabilidade de um conjunto híbrido composto por bateria chumbo ácido e supercapacitores para aplicações em microrredes. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando um equipamento de teste de vida ciclada e os resultados de carga/descarga e capacidade nominal das configurações são apresentados. A análise dos dados obtidos demonstrou que o conjunto híbrido bateria chumbo ácido e supercapacitores viabiliza a aplicação em microrredes, por colaborar de forma positiva para o aumento da capacidade nominal das baterias e consequentemente elevar a vida útil da bateria chumbo ácido. ; This study surveys recent research related to the types of systems storage
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2019 PortugalAuthors: Rodrigues, Joni Emanuel Campos;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Face à corrida por soluções de substituição de energia fóssil por energias limpas, a energia solar entra como uma das escolhas fundamentais, devido à sua fácil instalação em edifícios, facilidade de transporte e manutenção, aliado à acentuada redução de custos. Contudo, o desajuste entre os perfis de consumo residencial de energia e a produção fotovoltaica leva a um desequilíbrio nos sistemas de energia. Assim, foram adaptados em edifícios residenciais, sistemas de armazenamento de energia, todavia, as residências continuam a ser bastantes dependentes da rede, o que traz desvantagens económicas. Uma possível solução passa por agrupar a produção solar de várias habitações de uma comunidade com um sistema de armazenamento único ao nível comunitário, denominado por armazenamento comunitário de energia, ou community storage.Nesta dissertação, é introduzido o conceito de community storage, apresentando a sua definição, vantagens e aplicações. Para teste e análise de resultados, é apresentado um algoritmo desenvolvido em Matlab que simula, através da estratégia de controlo de maximização do autoconsumo, três opções de armazenamento numa comunidade, sendo elas sem armazenamento, armazenamento individual e armazenamento comunitário. Assim, foi possível a comparação, com os mesmos valores de entrada, de resultados entre comunidades sem qualquer tipo de armazenamento, com comunidades com um sistema de armazenamento tradicional e com comunidades com sistema de armazenamento com uma única bateria. Por fim, para esta última opção, foi projetada uma bateria com o mínimo de capacidade que pudesse ser equiparada aos custos de energia para um sistema de armazenamento individual.Foram simuladas e analisadas as três diferentes opções, para duas comunidades com tamanhos diferentes, uma com 15 habitações e outra com 60, em dias de época sazonais distintas, sendo elas o verão e o inverno. A partir destas simulações, concluiu-se que a instalação de sistemas de armazenamento individuais obteve reduções de 95,02% e 94,20% para comunidades de 15 e 60 habitações, respetivamente, face a comunidades sem qualquer tipo de armazenamento. Contudo, o conceito de community storage, com as mesmas capacidades totais de energia, garantiu melhor resultados face às residências com baterias próprias, obtendo reduções de custos 67,03% e 73,42%, também respetivas ao tamanho das comunidades anteriores. Por fim, para estas mesmas comunidades, foi projetada uma bateria com menor capacidade, para fazer face aos investimentos iniciais e custos de instalação, o que, com baterias 13,87% e 17,88% de capacidade inferior em comparação com o total instalado individualmente, foram capazes de obter os mesmo resultados no inverno e maior exportação no verão.Em suma, a definição do conceito de community storage foi apresentado, assim como as suas vantagens testadas e comprovadas. Due to the rush to find solutions to replace the fossil energy with clean energy, solar energy is one of the key choices, due to its easy installation in buildings, transport and maintenance, coupled with sharp cost reductions. However, the mismatch between residential energy consumption and photovoltaic generation leads to an imbalance in energy systems. Therefore, energy storage systems were adopted in residential buildings, however, residences remain dependent on the power grid, which bring economic disadvantages. One possible solution is to combine solar production from multiple households in a community-level storage system, called by community storage.In this dissertation, the concept of community storage is introduced, presenting its definition, advantages and applications. For testing and analysis of results, it is presented an algorithm developed in Matlab that simulates, through the maximization of self-consumption control strategy, three storage options in a community, being them without storage, individual storage and community storage. Thus, it was possible to compare, with the same input values, results between communities with a traditional storage system and communities with a single battery storage system. Finally, for this last option, it was projected a battery with the minimum capacity that could be matched to the energy costs for an individual storage system.The three different options were simulated and analysed for two communities with different sizes, one with 15 households and another with 60, on different seasonal days, summer and winter. From these simulations, it was concluded that the installation of individual storage systems achieved reductions of 95.02% and 94.20%, for communities of 15 and 60 households, respectively, compared to communities without any kind of storage. However, the concept of community storage, with the same total energy capacity, ensured better results compared to households with their own batteries, achieving cost reductions of 67.03% and 73.42%, also respectively to the size of previous communities. Finally, for these same communities, it was projected a battery with lower capacity, to reduce the initial investment and installation costs, which, with 13,87% and 17,88% lower battery capacities in comparation to the total installed individually, were able to achieve the same results in winter and higher exports in summer.In short, the definition of the concept of community of community storage was presented, as well as their advantages tested and proved.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2021 PortugalAuthors: Gonçalves, Gonçalo Daniel Soares;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia O aumento do consumo de combustíveis fósseis para a produção de energia trouxe a necessidade de uma alternativa sustentável: as energias renováveis. Estas tecnologias têm vindo a ser otimizadas e são cada vez mais adotadas pelos utilizadores, devido às poupanças que estas soluções podem introduzir nas faturas energéticas. Um dos exemplos deste tipo de geração renovável são os painéis solares fotovoltaicos, que são uma solução adequada para instalação em edifícios, devido à facilidade de instalação dos sistemas, seja em telhados ou em fachadas. O aumento da geração de energia a partir de painéis fotovoltaicos em edifícios leva a desafios relacionados com o desajuste temporal entre a oferta e o consumo de energia. Contudo, têm-se registado vários avanços tecnológicos, tal como o desenvolvimento e instalação de baterias nos edifícios, para assegurar um melhor aproveitamento da energia renovável produzida. Ao longo do tempo, houve várias alterações ao nível de legislação relativa à geração de energia em edifícios e à partilha de energia entre diversos produtores e consumidores, e atualmente já existe a possibilidade de implementar comunidades de energia com edifícios fisicamente próximos, e também a agregação de edifícios de forma virtual.Nesta dissertação desenvolveu-se a formulação de um algoritmo para a otimização do armazenamento de energia em comunidades, assim como a sua implementação em Python. O algoritmo implementado foi usado para simular diversos cenários tendo como objetivo avaliar os potenciais benefícios técnicos e económicos da instalação destes sistemas de baterias em conjunto com a geração de energia renovável. Foram avaliados dois cenários: um primeiro cenário em que cada um dos 4 edifícios possui uma bateria de 110 kWh sendo feita a gestão dos edifícios a nível individual e a nível comunitário; e um segundo cenário onde existe apenas uma bateria, com 440 kWh, a nível centralizado, sendo o uso desta partilhado por todos os edifícios. Concluiu-se que sempre que existe uma gestão a nível comunitário aumentam os benéficos técnicos e económicos. Com uma gestão individual, no primeiro cenário, foi possível obter uma poupança de 6,46% na soma das faturas energéticas dos edifícios, um aproveitamento do excesso de geração de 25,94% e uma redução de 7,12% no custo de importação de energia da rede. No que diz respeito à gestão comunitária, no 1º e 2º cenário, obtiveram-se poupanças de 9,88% e 5,35% nas faturas, um aproveitamento do excesso de geração de 69,34% e 69,94%, e uma redução de 17,30% e 14,71% no custo de importação da rede, respetivamente. Concluiu-se ainda que a participação na comunidade de energia apresenta potencial para benefícios económicos, mesmo que não exista armazenamento, sendo possível obter uma poupança de 4,10% nas faturas de energia. The rise in fossil fuel consumption to produce energy raised the need for more sustainable alternatives: renewable energies. These technologies have been optimized and became more adopted by the users, due to the savings introduced on energy bills. One example of this type of technologies is solar photovoltaic panels, which are an appropriate solution to be integrated into buildings, due to its easy installation, both in rooftops or facades. The increase in the use of photovoltaic systems in buildings creates challenges related to the mismatch between energy generation and demand. Nevertheless, several technological breakthroughs have been achieved, such as the development and installation of battery systems in buildings in order to ensure the best utilization of the generated renewable energy. Over time, there have been several changes in the legislation regarding the generation of energy in buildings and the energy share between several producers and consumers, and nowadays there is already the possibility of implementing energy communities with buildings physically close to each other, and also the aggregation of buildings in a virtual way.In this thesis, the formulation of an algorithm for the optimization of energy storage in communities was developed, and implemented in Python. The implemented algorithm was used to simulate various scenarios in order to assess the potential technical e economic benefits of the installation of these battery systems coupled with renewable generation systems. Two scenarios were assessed: in the first scenario each of the four buildings has its own 110 kWh battery whose management can be done both at individual and community levels; in the second scenario there is only one 440 kWh battery at a centralized level, being the battery shared by all buildings. It was concluded that for the management at the community level, the technical and economic benefits increased. With individual management, in the first scenario, it was possible to obtain savings of 6.46% in the sum of the buildings’ energy bills, a 25.94% use of surplus generation and a 7.12% reduction in the import cost of energy from the grid, while for community management, in the first and second scenario, it was possible to obtain savings of 9.88% and 5.35% in the energy bills, 69.34% and 69.94% use of surplus generation, and 17.30% and 14.71% reduction in the import cost of energy from the grid, respectively. It was further concluded that participating in the energy community has potential in terms of economic benefits, even if there is no energy storage, being possible to reach 4.10% reduction in the energy bills.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2022 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa Authors: Morais, Frederico José de Oliveira Baptista de;Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objectivo o estudo de uma solução autónoma e independente da rede para o arranque de uma central termoeléctrica de ciclo combinado (procedimento designado como black-start), bem como o de permitir o chamado controlo primário de frequência. A solução faz uso de um conjunto de baterias de iões de lítio como forma de energizar os serviços auxiliares e, consequentemente, iniciar todo o processo de arranque do conjunto gerador turbina com vista à respectiva energização da rede eléctrica de jusante. O mesmo conjunto de baterias é, também, utilizado para efeitos de controlo primário de frequência. É analisado o contexto mundial do ponto de vista da produção de energia eléctrica, onde se inclui o tipo de fonte de energia utilizada bem como é feita uma previsão no que diz respeito ao que se espera vir a ser a tendência no que diz respeito à produção de energia eléctrica nos próximos anos. Com base nessas previsões são identificados os principais desafios assim como possíveis medidas de mitigação. São abordados os chamados serviços de sistema indicando a importância das funções de black start e de controlo de frequência. Adicionalmente são também abordadas diversas tecnologias de armazenamento de energia identificando as suas principais características e valências. Por fim, e tendo em conta um caso em concreto de uma central de ciclo combinado, é feito um estudo relativo à integração de um sistema de armazenamento de energia com recurso a baterias de iões de lítio com vista a permitir que a central em causa desempenhe funções de black-start e de controlo primário de frequência. Desse estudo fará parte não só o dimensionamento do equipamento do ponto de vista da sua potência e capacidade, mas também fará parte uma estimativa do valor do equipamento em causa. The aim of this master's thesis is to present an autonomous and grid-independent solution for the start-up of a combined cycle thermoelectric power plant (procedure known as black-start), as well as to allow the so-called primary frequency control. The solution makes use of a set of lithium-ion batteries in order to energize the auxiliary services and, consequently, to be able to initiate the start-up process of the generator-turbine set in order to energize the downstream electric network. The same battery pack is also used for primary frequency control purposes. The world context, in terms of electricity production, is analyzed including the type of energy source used and a forecast is made of what is expected to be the trend in the electricity production in the upcoming years. Based on these forecasts, the main challenges and possible mitigation measures are identified. The so-called ancillary services are addressed showing the importance of the black-start capability as well as the frequency control. After, several energy storage technologies are addressed, and its main characteristics and strengths are identified. Finally, and considering a specific case of a combined cycle power plant, a study is carried out for the integration of an energy storage system using lithium-ion batteries to allow the power plant to perform a black-start as well as the primary frequency control. This study will include not only the dimensioning of the equipment, but also an estimation of the value of the selected equipment. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2018 PortugalAuthors: Pires, António Eduardo Manso;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Nas últimas décadas, a energia renovável tem vindo a ocupar uma porção cada vez maior na geração de energia a nível Mundial. Em Portugal, há uma grande aposta neste tipo de energia, sendo mais de metade da geração de energia de origem renovável. Contudo, a intermitência da geração renovável pode ter impactos indesejados face à procura instantânea nacional de energia. Assim sendo, é necessário encontrar soluções para o armazenamento da energia gerada em excesso face à necessidade da procura e para compensar a intermitência de modo a manter a fiabilidade e estabilidade da rede elétrica.Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar o conceito e impactos do Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), no panorama português, tendo em consideração o acentuado crescimento do mercado dos Veículos Elétricos (VEs).Inicialmente, foi analisada a estrutura básica de um Veículo Elétrico e a infraestrutura necessária para o funcionamento do V2G. De seguida, foi avaliada a autonomia dos VEs, o seu consumo diário e a capacidade das baterias, considerando 3 cenários de penetração dos VEs no parque automóvel português (nos quais os VEs constituem 10%, 25% ou 50% do parque automóvel nacional). O conjunto de dados obtidos permitiu analisar o potencial de V2G para transferir a energia gerada em excesso nas horas de menor consumo, para as horas de maior consumo. Este estudo considerou 3 dias típicos: um de Inverno, um de Primavera e um de Verão.Para terminar, este trabalho avaliou os benefícios económicos, quer para a rede quer para o consumidor final, resultante da adoção do modelo de armazenamento e transferência de energia atrás exposto. Foi tomada em consideração a degradação diária das baterias, associada ao uso de V2G, e respetivo custo de substituição, sendo essa degradação avaliada através de um modelo desenvolvido em ambiente Simulink. Over recent decades, renewable energy has an increasing role in the worldwide energy generation. In Portugal, there is a strong commitment for this type of energy, with more than half of the generated energy with renewable origin. However, intermittency in renewable generation may have undesirable impacts on the national instantaneous energy demand. Therefore, it is necessary to find solutions for the storage of the energy generation surplus regarding the demand requirements and to compensate the intermittence in order to keep the reliability and stability of the electrical grid.This work aimed to analyze the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept and impacts on the Portuguese panorama, taking into account the strong growth of the Electric Vehicles market.Initially, the basic structure of an Electric Vehicle (EV) and the necessary infrastructure for the operation of the V2G were analyzed. Next, the autonomy of the EVs, their daily consumption and the capacity of the batteries were evaluated, considering 3 scenarios of penetration of VEs in the Portuguese automobile fleet (in which VEs constitute 10%, 25% or 50% of the national fleet). The obtained data allowed to analyze the potential of V2G to transfer the generation surplus in the hours of lower consumption, for the hours of higher demand. This study considered 3 typical days for winter, spring and summer.To conclude, this work evaluated the economic benefits for the grid and for the final consumer, resulting from the adoption of the storage and energy transfer model discussed above. The daily degradation of the batteries, associated with the use of V2G, and their replacement cost, were considered, and this degradation was evaluated through a model developed in Simulink environment.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2020 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Authors: Barbosa, Marger Wanderley;The use of battery energy storage systems (BESS) connected to distribution systems is analyzed. In this work these battery systems are capable of either injecting or draw power from the power systems. When such process happens at appropriate times it leads to an improvement in the electric system indicators. Two methods for optimal sizing, placement and operation schedule management of BESS are proposed aiming to get an optimal result. In this work it is desired to achieve two distinct objectives: the minimization of electrical losses from distribution systems and financial profit maximization due to BESS benefits for a distribution system over a planning horizon. The battery modeling in this paper takes into account the temporal dependency among their operational states and thus aims to portray its real operation. Such temporal dependency is dealt with sequential power flows resolutions, which respects systems operational limits. In addition, the load curve variability is considered during the process. The optimization is performed through two proposed methods, the first one is an straight search procedure that aims to solve all the problem variables simultaneously The second is an iterative search procedure that defines BESS operation schedule through an optimization process and uses another one to set his sizing and placement. Both proposed methods uses Genetic Algorithms as an optimization tool. Results obtained from simulations in different power systems are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. ; Neste trabalho é analisado o uso de sistemas de armazenamento de energia por baterias (BESS) em sistemas elétricos de distribuição. Esses sistemas de baterias são capazes de injetar ou absorver energia dos sistemas de distribuição. Quando tal processo é realizado em momentos propícios, proporciona uma melhora nos indicadores dos sistemas elétricos. São propostos dois métodos para alocar, dimensionar e gerenciar a operação destes conjuntos de baterias, visando obter um resultado ótimo. ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2015 PortugalAuthors: Lopes, Sérgio Augusto Seixas;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2022 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Authors: Amaral, Diego Henrique do; Sinohara, Rafael Yassuo;handle: 11449/238481
Não recebi financiamento ; Este estudo aborda aspectos fundamentais que envolvem uma análise do uso de baterias no mundo, desde baterias de equipamentos portáveis como computadores e celulares até banco de baterias utilizados em larga escala no sistema elétrico de potência. Com intuito de exemplificar a aplicação de potência, este trabalho descreve o banco de baterias do Projeto de Pesquisa e desenvolvimento da ANEEL na chamada 21, o PD-00061-0054/2016 na UHE Sérgio Motta no município de Rosana, São Paulo. O banco de baterias está instalado no serviço auxiliar da hidroelétrica e tem potência nominal de 250 kW com uma capacidade de 500 kWh ao longo de duas horas, faz uso de baterias de Lítio Ferro Fosfato (LiFePO4) da OptimunNano, um inversor bidirecional com base em IGBT da Growatt que se comunica diretamente a um supervisório online fornecido pela empresa do inversor. O supervisório em questão compila os dados e disponibiliza no supervisório do P&D, estes dados tiveram funcionam primordial nas manutenções corretivas dos equipamentos, as quais estão explanados neste estudo. As baterias são controladas pelo inversor supracitado e pelo sistema de controle chamado BMS (Battery Management System). ; This study approaches fundamental aspects that involve an analysis of the use of batteries in the world, from batteries in portable equipment such as computers and cell phones to a bank of batteries used on a large scale in the electrical power system. In order to exemplify the application of power, this work describes the battery bank of the Research and Development Project of ANEEL in call 21, the PD-00061-0054/2016 at UHE Sérgio Motta in the municipality of Rosana, São Paulo. The battery bank is installed in the auxiliary service of the hydroelectric plant and has a nominal power of 250 kW with a capacity of 500 kWh over two hours, uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries from OptimunNano, a bidirectional inverter based on Growatt IGBT that communicates directly with an online supervisor provided by the ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2018 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Authors: Oliveira, Tatiana Tostes de;The present work discusses the use of energy storage systems connected to the distribution system. Battery energy storage systems are able to inject or absorb power of the distribution system at crucial moments, increasing their efficient. It is proposed a methodology for optimal allocation of battery energy storage system with operation management optimized. The management optimal includes specifying the storage system charge and discharge modes to achieve certain purposes that in this case is to decrease the total energy losses of the distribution system, respecting the recommended voltage limits. Thus the battery energy storage system in the distribution system can be a viable economically option, according to a specified plannig horizon. In this work the batteries are modeled portraying their operating appropriately, covering the temporal dependency questions their operation modes. Besides the battery charge and discharge must happen according the load and generation variations of the system in which it is connected. It was used the Quasi-Static Time-Series method from OpenDSS software, to treat the temporal questions. The optimization is realized through the Genetic Algorithm. The studied cases consider batteries with different behaviors, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed methodology. ; Este trabalho trata do uso de sistemas de armazenamento de energia formados por baterias nos sistema elétricos de distribuição. Estes sistemas de baterias são capazes de injetar ou retirar energia em momentos de interesse para o sistema de distribuição, aumentando sua eficiência. É proposto um método de alocação ótima de baterias, com gerenciamento ótimo da sua operação. O gerenciamento ótimo especifica os processos de carga e de descarga do sistema de armazenamento para atender determinada finalidade que neste trabalho é a redução das perdas totais de energia no sistema de distribuição, respeitando os limites de tensões nodais recomendados. Desta forma, a alocação de baterias no sistema de distribuição pode ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2013 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Authors: Miguel, Miguel José Rodrigues Teixeira;Com a crescente integração de energias renováveis variáveis nos sistemas elétricos de energia surgem novos desafios à maneira como se efetua a exploração dos mesmos, devido à dificuldade na previsão produção e na controlabilidade destas energias. Estes desafios são ainda maiores quando se analisa uma rede elétrica isolada de pequenas dimensões sem possibilidade de ser interligada a uma rede continental, por apresentar uma maior fragilidade e dai resultarem critérios de exploração muito mais apertados, de forma a garantir da melhor forma a segurança e estabilidade da rede. Consequentemente existe a necessidade de serem adotadas medidas que atenuem os impactos da variabilidade e tornem mais previsíveis as energias renováveis. É neste âmbito que surgem as tecnologias de armazenamento de energia elétrica. O presente documento apresenta um estudo aprofundado ao sistema eletroprodutor da ilha da Madeira e às suas especificidades, analisando a viabilidade técnica da introdução de baterias em larga escala no sistema. De forma a realizar esta análise, criou-se uma ferramenta de simulação em Matlab, que visou quantificar o impacto da introdução de baterias, quer ao nível da integração de energia eólica, quer ao nível da redução da produção térmica. Esta ferramenta permite ainda uma análise gráfica do diagrama de produção agregado diário, assim como a evolução de potência e energia na bateria. As the integration in electrical grids of variable renewable energies grows, new challenges emerge to the way the grid is managed, due to the difficulty of predicting their power output, as well as the lack of controllability. These challenges are even bigger when it comes to small isolated electrical grids, which have no possibility of being connected to a continental grid, due to its fragility and the rigorous management criteria that are necessary in order to guarantee the safety and stability standards. Therefore, there is a necessity of taking measures that reduce the variability and make renewable energy generation more predictable. It is in this context that arise electrical energy storage systems. This report presents a profound analysis of the Madeira island electrical system and its specificities, studying the technical feasibility of the introduction of large scale batteries into the grid. As a mean of conducting this study, a simulation tool was created in Matlab, that allowed to quantify the impact of the introduction of large scale batteries, in the integration of wind energy as well as in the thermal plants. This tool also allows the graphical analysis of the daily production, as well as the evolution of the power and energy in the battery.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2022 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Authors: Fabre, Ygor Ferreira;handle: 11449/235113
Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEB ; Este estudo faz um levantamento de pesquisas recentes relacionadas aos tipos de sistemas de armazenamento de energia que podem ser utilizados em microrredes. Em especial, os conjuntos híbridos formados pela associação de baterias e supercapacitores considerados como promissores para essa aplicação. O uso de sistemas de armazenamento permite obter ganhos com a qualidade de energia, uma vez que podem ser utilizados para estabilizar o fluxo de potência, regular a frequência e a tensão da rede. Este trabalho apresenta as atuais tecnologias e as possíveis tendências envolvendo os tipos de baterias, os sistemas de controle e os conjuntos híbridos para armazenamento de energia. Sob essa tônica, a proposta do trabalho é verificar a viabilidade de um conjunto híbrido composto por bateria chumbo ácido e supercapacitores para aplicações em microrredes. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando um equipamento de teste de vida ciclada e os resultados de carga/descarga e capacidade nominal das configurações são apresentados. A análise dos dados obtidos demonstrou que o conjunto híbrido bateria chumbo ácido e supercapacitores viabiliza a aplicação em microrredes, por colaborar de forma positiva para o aumento da capacidade nominal das baterias e consequentemente elevar a vida útil da bateria chumbo ácido. ; This study surveys recent research related to the types of systems storage
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2019 PortugalAuthors: Rodrigues, Joni Emanuel Campos;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Face à corrida por soluções de substituição de energia fóssil por energias limpas, a energia solar entra como uma das escolhas fundamentais, devido à sua fácil instalação em edifícios, facilidade de transporte e manutenção, aliado à acentuada redução de custos. Contudo, o desajuste entre os perfis de consumo residencial de energia e a produção fotovoltaica leva a um desequilíbrio nos sistemas de energia. Assim, foram adaptados em edifícios residenciais, sistemas de armazenamento de energia, todavia, as residências continuam a ser bastantes dependentes da rede, o que traz desvantagens económicas. Uma possível solução passa por agrupar a produção solar de várias habitações de uma comunidade com um sistema de armazenamento único ao nível comunitário, denominado por armazenamento comunitário de energia, ou community storage.Nesta dissertação, é introduzido o conceito de community storage, apresentando a sua definição, vantagens e aplicações. Para teste e análise de resultados, é apresentado um algoritmo desenvolvido em Matlab que simula, através da estratégia de controlo de maximização do autoconsumo, três opções de armazenamento numa comunidade, sendo elas sem armazenamento, armazenamento individual e armazenamento comunitário. Assim, foi possível a comparação, com os mesmos valores de entrada, de resultados entre comunidades sem qualquer tipo de armazenamento, com comunidades com um sistema de armazenamento tradicional e com comunidades com sistema de armazenamento com uma única bateria. Por fim, para esta última opção, foi projetada uma bateria com o mínimo de capacidade que pudesse ser equiparada aos custos de energia para um sistema de armazenamento individual.Foram simuladas e analisadas as três diferentes opções, para duas comunidades com tamanhos diferentes, uma com 15 habitações e outra com 60, em dias de época sazonais distintas, sendo elas o verão e o inverno. A partir destas simulações, concluiu-se que a instalação de sistemas de armazenamento individuais obteve reduções de 95,02% e 94,20% para comunidades de 15 e 60 habitações, respetivamente, face a comunidades sem qualquer tipo de armazenamento. Contudo, o conceito de community storage, com as mesmas capacidades totais de energia, garantiu melhor resultados face às residências com baterias próprias, obtendo reduções de custos 67,03% e 73,42%, também respetivas ao tamanho das comunidades anteriores. Por fim, para estas mesmas comunidades, foi projetada uma bateria com menor capacidade, para fazer face aos investimentos iniciais e custos de instalação, o que, com baterias 13,87% e 17,88% de capacidade inferior em comparação com o total instalado individualmente, foram capazes de obter os mesmo resultados no inverno e maior exportação no verão.Em suma, a definição do conceito de community storage foi apresentado, assim como as suas vantagens testadas e comprovadas. Due to the rush to find solutions to replace the fossil energy with clean energy, solar energy is one of the key choices, due to its easy installation in buildings, transport and maintenance, coupled with sharp cost reductions. However, the mismatch between residential energy consumption and photovoltaic generation leads to an imbalance in energy systems. Therefore, energy storage systems were adopted in residential buildings, however, residences remain dependent on the power grid, which bring economic disadvantages. One possible solution is to combine solar production from multiple households in a community-level storage system, called by community storage.In this dissertation, the concept of community storage is introduced, presenting its definition, advantages and applications. For testing and analysis of results, it is presented an algorithm developed in Matlab that simulates, through the maximization of self-consumption control strategy, three storage options in a community, being them without storage, individual storage and community storage. Thus, it was possible to compare, with the same input values, results between communities with a traditional storage system and communities with a single battery storage system. Finally, for this last option, it was projected a battery with the minimum capacity that could be matched to the energy costs for an individual storage system.The three different options were simulated and analysed for two communities with different sizes, one with 15 households and another with 60, on different seasonal days, summer and winter. From these simulations, it was concluded that the installation of individual storage systems achieved reductions of 95.02% and 94.20%, for communities of 15 and 60 households, respectively, compared to communities without any kind of storage. However, the concept of community storage, with the same total energy capacity, ensured better results compared to households with their own batteries, achieving cost reductions of 67.03% and 73.42%, also respectively to the size of previous communities. Finally, for these same communities, it was projected a battery with lower capacity, to reduce the initial investment and installation costs, which, with 13,87% and 17,88% lower battery capacities in comparation to the total installed individually, were able to achieve the same results in winter and higher exports in summer.In short, the definition of the concept of community of community storage was presented, as well as their advantages tested and proved.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2021 PortugalAuthors: Gonçalves, Gonçalo Daniel Soares;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia O aumento do consumo de combustíveis fósseis para a produção de energia trouxe a necessidade de uma alternativa sustentável: as energias renováveis. Estas tecnologias têm vindo a ser otimizadas e são cada vez mais adotadas pelos utilizadores, devido às poupanças que estas soluções podem introduzir nas faturas energéticas. Um dos exemplos deste tipo de geração renovável são os painéis solares fotovoltaicos, que são uma solução adequada para instalação em edifícios, devido à facilidade de instalação dos sistemas, seja em telhados ou em fachadas. O aumento da geração de energia a partir de painéis fotovoltaicos em edifícios leva a desafios relacionados com o desajuste temporal entre a oferta e o consumo de energia. Contudo, têm-se registado vários avanços tecnológicos, tal como o desenvolvimento e instalação de baterias nos edifícios, para assegurar um melhor aproveitamento da energia renovável produzida. Ao longo do tempo, houve várias alterações ao nível de legislação relativa à geração de energia em edifícios e à partilha de energia entre diversos produtores e consumidores, e atualmente já existe a possibilidade de implementar comunidades de energia com edifícios fisicamente próximos, e também a agregação de edifícios de forma virtual.Nesta dissertação desenvolveu-se a formulação de um algoritmo para a otimização do armazenamento de energia em comunidades, assim como a sua implementação em Python. O algoritmo implementado foi usado para simular diversos cenários tendo como objetivo avaliar os potenciais benefícios técnicos e económicos da instalação destes sistemas de baterias em conjunto com a geração de energia renovável. Foram avaliados dois cenários: um primeiro cenário em que cada um dos 4 edifícios possui uma bateria de 110 kWh sendo feita a gestão dos edifícios a nível individual e a nível comunitário; e um segundo cenário onde existe apenas uma bateria, com 440 kWh, a nível centralizado, sendo o uso desta partilhado por todos os edifícios. Concluiu-se que sempre que existe uma gestão a nível comunitário aumentam os benéficos técnicos e económicos. Com uma gestão individual, no primeiro cenário, foi possível obter uma poupança de 6,46% na soma das faturas energéticas dos edifícios, um aproveitamento do excesso de geração de 25,94% e uma redução de 7,12% no custo de importação de energia da rede. No que diz respeito à gestão comunitária, no 1º e 2º cenário, obtiveram-se poupanças de 9,88% e 5,35% nas faturas, um aproveitamento do excesso de geração de 69,34% e 69,94%, e uma redução de 17,30% e 14,71% no custo de importação da rede, respetivamente. Concluiu-se ainda que a participação na comunidade de energia apresenta potencial para benefícios económicos, mesmo que não exista armazenamento, sendo possível obter uma poupança de 4,10% nas faturas de energia. The rise in fossil fuel consumption to produce energy raised the need for more sustainable alternatives: renewable energies. These technologies have been optimized and became more adopted by the users, due to the savings introduced on energy bills. One example of this type of technologies is solar photovoltaic panels, which are an appropriate solution to be integrated into buildings, due to its easy installation, both in rooftops or facades. The increase in the use of photovoltaic systems in buildings creates challenges related to the mismatch between energy generation and demand. Nevertheless, several technological breakthroughs have been achieved, such as the development and installation of battery systems in buildings in order to ensure the best utilization of the generated renewable energy. Over time, there have been several changes in the legislation regarding the generation of energy in buildings and the energy share between several producers and consumers, and nowadays there is already the possibility of implementing energy communities with buildings physically close to each other, and also the aggregation of buildings in a virtual way.In this thesis, the formulation of an algorithm for the optimization of energy storage in communities was developed, and implemented in Python. The implemented algorithm was used to simulate various scenarios in order to assess the potential technical e economic benefits of the installation of these battery systems coupled with renewable generation systems. Two scenarios were assessed: in the first scenario each of the four buildings has its own 110 kWh battery whose management can be done both at individual and community levels; in the second scenario there is only one 440 kWh battery at a centralized level, being the battery shared by all buildings. It was concluded that for the management at the community level, the technical and economic benefits increased. With individual management, in the first scenario, it was possible to obtain savings of 6.46% in the sum of the buildings’ energy bills, a 25.94% use of surplus generation and a 7.12% reduction in the import cost of energy from the grid, while for community management, in the first and second scenario, it was possible to obtain savings of 9.88% and 5.35% in the energy bills, 69.34% and 69.94% use of surplus generation, and 17.30% and 14.71% reduction in the import cost of energy from the grid, respectively. It was further concluded that participating in the energy community has potential in terms of economic benefits, even if there is no energy storage, being possible to reach 4.10% reduction in the energy bills.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2022 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa Authors: Morais, Frederico José de Oliveira Baptista de;Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objectivo o estudo de uma solução autónoma e independente da rede para o arranque de uma central termoeléctrica de ciclo combinado (procedimento designado como black-start), bem como o de permitir o chamado controlo primário de frequência. A solução faz uso de um conjunto de baterias de iões de lítio como forma de energizar os serviços auxiliares e, consequentemente, iniciar todo o processo de arranque do conjunto gerador turbina com vista à respectiva energização da rede eléctrica de jusante. O mesmo conjunto de baterias é, também, utilizado para efeitos de controlo primário de frequência. É analisado o contexto mundial do ponto de vista da produção de energia eléctrica, onde se inclui o tipo de fonte de energia utilizada bem como é feita uma previsão no que diz respeito ao que se espera vir a ser a tendência no que diz respeito à produção de energia eléctrica nos próximos anos. Com base nessas previsões são identificados os principais desafios assim como possíveis medidas de mitigação. São abordados os chamados serviços de sistema indicando a importância das funções de black start e de controlo de frequência. Adicionalmente são também abordadas diversas tecnologias de armazenamento de energia identificando as suas principais características e valências. Por fim, e tendo em conta um caso em concreto de uma central de ciclo combinado, é feito um estudo relativo à integração de um sistema de armazenamento de energia com recurso a baterias de iões de lítio com vista a permitir que a central em causa desempenhe funções de black-start e de controlo primário de frequência. Desse estudo fará parte não só o dimensionamento do equipamento do ponto de vista da sua potência e capacidade, mas também fará parte uma estimativa do valor do equipamento em causa. The aim of this master's thesis is to present an autonomous and grid-independent solution for the start-up of a combined cycle thermoelectric power plant (procedure known as black-start), as well as to allow the so-called primary frequency control. The solution makes use of a set of lithium-ion batteries in order to energize the auxiliary services and, consequently, to be able to initiate the start-up process of the generator-turbine set in order to energize the downstream electric network. The same battery pack is also used for primary frequency control purposes. The world context, in terms of electricity production, is analyzed including the type of energy source used and a forecast is made of what is expected to be the trend in the electricity production in the upcoming years. Based on these forecasts, the main challenges and possible mitigation measures are identified. The so-called ancillary services are addressed showing the importance of the black-start capability as well as the frequency control. After, several energy storage technologies are addressed, and its main characteristics and strengths are identified. Finally, and considering a specific case of a combined cycle power plant, a study is carried out for the integration of an energy storage system using lithium-ion batteries to allow the power plant to perform a black-start as well as the primary frequency control. This study will include not only the dimensioning of the equipment, but also an estimation of the value of the selected equipment. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2018 PortugalAuthors: Pires, António Eduardo Manso;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Nas últimas décadas, a energia renovável tem vindo a ocupar uma porção cada vez maior na geração de energia a nível Mundial. Em Portugal, há uma grande aposta neste tipo de energia, sendo mais de metade da geração de energia de origem renovável. Contudo, a intermitência da geração renovável pode ter impactos indesejados face à procura instantânea nacional de energia. Assim sendo, é necessário encontrar soluções para o armazenamento da energia gerada em excesso face à necessidade da procura e para compensar a intermitência de modo a manter a fiabilidade e estabilidade da rede elétrica.Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar o conceito e impactos do Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), no panorama português, tendo em consideração o acentuado crescimento do mercado dos Veículos Elétricos (VEs).Inicialmente, foi analisada a estrutura básica de um Veículo Elétrico e a infraestrutura necessária para o funcionamento do V2G. De seguida, foi avaliada a autonomia dos VEs, o seu consumo diário e a capacidade das baterias, considerando 3 cenários de penetração dos VEs no parque automóvel português (nos quais os VEs constituem 10%, 25% ou 50% do parque automóvel nacional). O conjunto de dados obtidos permitiu analisar o potencial de V2G para transferir a energia gerada em excesso nas horas de menor consumo, para as horas de maior consumo. Este estudo considerou 3 dias típicos: um de Inverno, um de Primavera e um de Verão.Para terminar, este trabalho avaliou os benefícios económicos, quer para a rede quer para o consumidor final, resultante da adoção do modelo de armazenamento e transferência de energia atrás exposto. Foi tomada em consideração a degradação diária das baterias, associada ao uso de V2G, e respetivo custo de substituição, sendo essa degradação avaliada através de um modelo desenvolvido em ambiente Simulink. Over recent decades, renewable energy has an increasing role in the worldwide energy generation. In Portugal, there is a strong commitment for this type of energy, with more than half of the generated energy with renewable origin. However, intermittency in renewable generation may have undesirable impacts on the national instantaneous energy demand. Therefore, it is necessary to find solutions for the storage of the energy generation surplus regarding the demand requirements and to compensate the intermittence in order to keep the reliability and stability of the electrical grid.This work aimed to analyze the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept and impacts on the Portuguese panorama, taking into account the strong growth of the Electric Vehicles market.Initially, the basic structure of an Electric Vehicle (EV) and the necessary infrastructure for the operation of the V2G were analyzed. Next, the autonomy of the EVs, their daily consumption and the capacity of the batteries were evaluated, considering 3 scenarios of penetration of VEs in the Portuguese automobile fleet (in which VEs constitute 10%, 25% or 50% of the national fleet). The obtained data allowed to analyze the potential of V2G to transfer the generation surplus in the hours of lower consumption, for the hours of higher demand. This study considered 3 typical days for winter, spring and summer.To conclude, this work evaluated the economic benefits for the grid and for the final consumer, resulting from the adoption of the storage and energy transfer model discussed above. The daily degradation of the batteries, associated with the use of V2G, and their replacement cost, were considered, and this degradation was evaluated through a model developed in Simulink environment.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2020 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Authors: Barbosa, Marger Wanderley;The use of battery energy storage systems (BESS) connected to distribution systems is analyzed. In this work these battery systems are capable of either injecting or draw power from the power systems. When such process happens at appropriate times it leads to an improvement in the electric system indicators. Two methods for optimal sizing, placement and operation schedule management of BESS are proposed aiming to get an optimal result. In this work it is desired to achieve two distinct objectives: the minimization of electrical losses from distribution systems and financial profit maximization due to BESS benefits for a distribution system over a planning horizon. The battery modeling in this paper takes into account the temporal dependency among their operational states and thus aims to portray its real operation. Such temporal dependency is dealt with sequential power flows resolutions, which respects systems operational limits. In addition, the load curve variability is considered during the process. The optimization is performed through two proposed methods, the first one is an straight search procedure that aims to solve all the problem variables simultaneously The second is an iterative search procedure that defines BESS operation schedule through an optimization process and uses another one to set his sizing and placement. Both proposed methods uses Genetic Algorithms as an optimization tool. Results obtained from simulations in different power systems are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. ; Neste trabalho é analisado o uso de sistemas de armazenamento de energia por baterias (BESS) em sistemas elétricos de distribuição. Esses sistemas de baterias são capazes de injetar ou absorver energia dos sistemas de distribuição. Quando tal processo é realizado em momentos propícios, proporciona uma melhora nos indicadores dos sistemas elétricos. São propostos dois métodos para alocar, dimensionar e gerenciar a operação destes conjuntos de baterias, visando obter um resultado ótimo. ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2015 PortugalAuthors: Lopes, Sérgio Augusto Seixas;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2022 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Authors: Amaral, Diego Henrique do; Sinohara, Rafael Yassuo;handle: 11449/238481
Não recebi financiamento ; Este estudo aborda aspectos fundamentais que envolvem uma análise do uso de baterias no mundo, desde baterias de equipamentos portáveis como computadores e celulares até banco de baterias utilizados em larga escala no sistema elétrico de potência. Com intuito de exemplificar a aplicação de potência, este trabalho descreve o banco de baterias do Projeto de Pesquisa e desenvolvimento da ANEEL na chamada 21, o PD-00061-0054/2016 na UHE Sérgio Motta no município de Rosana, São Paulo. O banco de baterias está instalado no serviço auxiliar da hidroelétrica e tem potência nominal de 250 kW com uma capacidade de 500 kWh ao longo de duas horas, faz uso de baterias de Lítio Ferro Fosfato (LiFePO4) da OptimunNano, um inversor bidirecional com base em IGBT da Growatt que se comunica diretamente a um supervisório online fornecido pela empresa do inversor. O supervisório em questão compila os dados e disponibiliza no supervisório do P&D, estes dados tiveram funcionam primordial nas manutenções corretivas dos equipamentos, as quais estão explanados neste estudo. As baterias são controladas pelo inversor supracitado e pelo sistema de controle chamado BMS (Battery Management System). ; This study approaches fundamental aspects that involve an analysis of the use of batteries in the world, from batteries in portable equipment such as computers and cell phones to a bank of batteries used on a large scale in the electrical power system. In order to exemplify the application of power, this work describes the battery bank of the Research and Development Project of ANEEL in call 21, the PD-00061-0054/2016 at UHE Sérgio Motta in the municipality of Rosana, São Paulo. The battery bank is installed in the auxiliary service of the hydroelectric plant and has a nominal power of 250 kW with a capacity of 500 kWh over two hours, uses Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries from OptimunNano, a bidirectional inverter based on Growatt IGBT that communicates directly with an online supervisor provided by the ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2018 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Authors: Oliveira, Tatiana Tostes de;The present work discusses the use of energy storage systems connected to the distribution system. Battery energy storage systems are able to inject or absorb power of the distribution system at crucial moments, increasing their efficient. It is proposed a methodology for optimal allocation of battery energy storage system with operation management optimized. The management optimal includes specifying the storage system charge and discharge modes to achieve certain purposes that in this case is to decrease the total energy losses of the distribution system, respecting the recommended voltage limits. Thus the battery energy storage system in the distribution system can be a viable economically option, according to a specified plannig horizon. In this work the batteries are modeled portraying their operating appropriately, covering the temporal dependency questions their operation modes. Besides the battery charge and discharge must happen according the load and generation variations of the system in which it is connected. It was used the Quasi-Static Time-Series method from OpenDSS software, to treat the temporal questions. The optimization is realized through the Genetic Algorithm. The studied cases consider batteries with different behaviors, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed methodology. ; Este trabalho trata do uso de sistemas de armazenamento de energia formados por baterias nos sistema elétricos de distribuição. Estes sistemas de baterias são capazes de injetar ou retirar energia em momentos de interesse para o sistema de distribuição, aumentando sua eficiência. É proposto um método de alocação ótima de baterias, com gerenciamento ótimo da sua operação. O gerenciamento ótimo especifica os processos de carga e de descarga do sistema de armazenamento para atender determinada finalidade que neste trabalho é a redução das perdas totais de energia no sistema de distribuição, respeitando os limites de tensões nodais recomendados. Desta forma, a alocação de baterias no sistema de distribuição pode ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2013 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto Authors: Miguel, Miguel José Rodrigues Teixeira;Com a crescente integração de energias renováveis variáveis nos sistemas elétricos de energia surgem novos desafios à maneira como se efetua a exploração dos mesmos, devido à dificuldade na previsão produção e na controlabilidade destas energias. Estes desafios são ainda maiores quando se analisa uma rede elétrica isolada de pequenas dimensões sem possibilidade de ser interligada a uma rede continental, por apresentar uma maior fragilidade e dai resultarem critérios de exploração muito mais apertados, de forma a garantir da melhor forma a segurança e estabilidade da rede. Consequentemente existe a necessidade de serem adotadas medidas que atenuem os impactos da variabilidade e tornem mais previsíveis as energias renováveis. É neste âmbito que surgem as tecnologias de armazenamento de energia elétrica. O presente documento apresenta um estudo aprofundado ao sistema eletroprodutor da ilha da Madeira e às suas especificidades, analisando a viabilidade técnica da introdução de baterias em larga escala no sistema. De forma a realizar esta análise, criou-se uma ferramenta de simulação em Matlab, que visou quantificar o impacto da introdução de baterias, quer ao nível da integração de energia eólica, quer ao nível da redução da produção térmica. Esta ferramenta permite ainda uma análise gráfica do diagrama de produção agregado diário, assim como a evolução de potência e energia na bateria. As the integration in electrical grids of variable renewable energies grows, new challenges emerge to the way the grid is managed, due to the difficulty of predicting their power output, as well as the lack of controllability. These challenges are even bigger when it comes to small isolated electrical grids, which have no possibility of being connected to a continental grid, due to its fragility and the rigorous management criteria that are necessary in order to guarantee the safety and stability standards. Therefore, there is a necessity of taking measures that reduce the variability and make renewable energy generation more predictable. It is in this context that arise electrical energy storage systems. This report presents a profound analysis of the Madeira island electrical system and its specificities, studying the technical feasibility of the introduction of large scale batteries into the grid. As a mean of conducting this study, a simulation tool was created in Matlab, that allowed to quantify the impact of the introduction of large scale batteries, in the integration of wind energy as well as in the thermal plants. This tool also allows the graphical analysis of the daily production, as well as the evolution of the power and energy in the battery.
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