• Energy Research

The dataset comprises real-time electrical measurements—including voltages, currents, and power factors—for three-phase and single-phase systems across generation, distribution, and consumption stages showcasing the energy generation and demand within an off-grid electricity infrastructure located in the Kalam Region, a specific climate zone in Pakistan. Collected every five minutes from March 6, 2023, to October 24, 2024, it includes over 45 million instances covering data from four micro-hydropower generators, 26 transformers, and 585 end-users. Additionally, the dataset incorporates climate data—such as temperature, dew point, wind components, precipitation, snowfall, and snow cover—from the ERA5 dataset. This comprehensive collection enhances its utility for research in energy systems analysis, climate change studies, electrical engineering, and artificial intelligence applications. This dataset was originally created with support from Lacuna Fund, the world’s first collaborative effort to provide data scientists, researchers, and social entrepreneurs in low- and middle-income contexts globally with the resources they need to produce labeled datasets that address urgent problems in their communities. Lacuna Fund is a funder collaborative that includes The Rockefeller Foundation, Google.org, Canada’s International Development Research Centre, the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) with GIZ as implementing agency, Wellcome Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. See https://lacunafund.org/about/ for more information.

Several fundamental barriers limit the performance of opto-electronic conversion processes below 100%. Two specific examples of current technological interest include photovoltaic conversion of sunlight into electricity (i.e., solar cells), and terahertz generation from optical sources. In particular, solar cells are limited not only by the Carnot limit associated with the second law (approximately 86% at room temperature), but also by radiative recombination, non-reciprocity, carrier thermalization, and sub-bandgap losses. In the case of terahertz generation, the typical process of difference frequency generation relies on two input optical waves with only a small difference between them to generate the desired output; however, this process has efficiency sharply constrained by the frequency ratios, known as the Manley-Rowe relations. Numerous researchers have recently examined a range of methods for overcoming these barriers and enabling new applications. However, given the large number of possible methods and functional parameters, it is best to avoid an Edisonian approach and develop detailed physics-based models of the optical and electrical performance of these systems capable of accurately predicting their performance. Combining analytical techniques with the recent exponential rise in computing power available through Moore's law allows for a targeted search that could enable new discoveries in future experiments.

В роботі на основі аналізу проблем забезпечення якісного електропостачання в умовах інтенсивної розбудови відновлюваних джерел енергії (ВДЕ) та визначених засобами кваліметрії характеристик електричних мереж, які є істотними для забезпечення якісного електропостачання, запропоновано застосовувати макромоделювання електричних мереж для оцінювання якості їх функціонування у вигляді інтегральної характеристики готовності електричної мережі з ВДЕ. Це сприятиме розробленню узагальнених рішень та стратегії розвитку мереж, особливо коли йдеться про розбудову ВДЕ. Складові інтегрального показника визначаються як імовірність відповідності фактичного режиму “ідеальному”. “Ідеальний” режим визначається, виходячи з принципу найменшої дії і відповідає заступній схемі мережі, сформованій за r-схемою. Визначений таким чином базис дає змогу знизити суб’єктивність і оцінки, і прийнятих на основі неї рішень. ; In the article it is proposed to use macro-modeling of electrical grids for assessing the quality of their operation in the form of an integrated readiness characteristic of electrical grids with RES. It has been done on the basis of the analysis of the problems of providing high-quality electrical supply under conditions of the intensive development of renewable energy sources (RES) and characteristics of electrical grids determined by means of qualimetry that are essential for providing high-quality electricity. This will contribute to the development of generalized solutions and grid development strategies, especially when it comes to RES development. The components of the integral index are determined as the probability of matching the actual mode to the “ideal” one. The “ideal” mode is determined by the principle of least action and corresponds to the circuit diagram of the grid formed by the r-scheme. The basis determined in this way reduces the subjectivity of both evaluations and decisions taken on their basis.

Cost-effective electricity storage has long been a kind of "Holy Grail" for the electric power sector. This report briefly discusses potential innovations in electricity storage.

datasets.shared.infosheet.CitationMgr@46e Dataset: Reports estimates of electrical system energy losses for the United States as a whole and for individual states and Washington, DC, as available. The indicator refers to the amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses. The State Energy Data System (SEDS) is maintained and operated by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). The goal in maintaining SEDS is to create historical time series of energy production, consumption, prices, and expenditures by state that are defined as consistently as possible over time and across sectors. SEDS is used primarily to provide (1) state energy production, consumption, price, and expenditure estimates to Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, and the general public; and (2) the historical time series necessary to develop EIA’s energy models. Efforts are made to ensure that the sums of the state estimates equal the national totals as closely as possible for each energy type and end-use sector as published in other EIA publications. SEDS state energy consumption estimates are generally comparable to the statistics in EIA's Annual Energy Review and Monthly Energy Review consumption tables. Although SEDS incorporates the most consistent series and procedures possible, users of this report should recognize the limitations of the data that are due to changing and inadequate data sources. See the technical documentation for information on data inconsistencies. http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm Category: Energy Resources and Industries Subject: Electric Power, Electricity, Energy Consumption, Energy Production Source: Energy Information Administration The Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the United States Department of Energy. Its mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. https://www.eia.gov/

Energy Information Administration (2015). State Energy Data System: Electrical System Energy Losses | Country: USA | Indicator: Total electrical system energy losses allocated to the end-use sectors. | Units: Billion Btu, 1960-2012. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. [Data-file]. Dataset-ID: 004-012-026. Dataset: Reports estimates of electrical system energy losses for the United States as a whole and for individual states and Washington, DC, as available. The indicator refers to the amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses. The State Energy Data System (SEDS) is maintained and operated by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). The goal in maintaining SEDS is to create historical time series of energy production, consumption, prices, and expenditures by state that are defined as consistently as possible over time and across sectors. SEDS is used primarily to provide (1) state energy production, consumption, price, and expenditure estimates to Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, and the general public; and (2) the historical time series necessary to develop EIA’s energy models. Efforts are made to ensure that the sums of the state estimates equal the national totals as closely as possible for each energy type and end-use sector as published in other EIA publications. SEDS state energy consumption estimates are generally comparable to the statistics in EIA's Annual Energy Review and Monthly Energy Review consumption tables. Although SEDS incorporates the most consistent series and procedures possible, users of this report should recognize the limitations of the data that are due to changing and inadequate data sources. See the technical documentation for information on data inconsistencies. Category: Energy Resources and Industries Source: Energy Information Administration The Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the United States Department of Energy. Its mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. http://www.eia.doe.gov/ Subject: Energy Production, Energy Consumption, Electric Power, Electricity

Energy Information Administration (2015). State Energy Data System: Electrical System Energy Losses | Country: USA | Indicator: The transportation sector's share of electrical system energy losses. | Units: Billion Btu, 1960-2012. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. [Data-file]. Dataset-ID: 004-012-026. Dataset: Reports estimates of electrical system energy losses for the United States as a whole and for individual states and Washington, DC, as available. The indicator refers to the amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses. The State Energy Data System (SEDS) is maintained and operated by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). The goal in maintaining SEDS is to create historical time series of energy production, consumption, prices, and expenditures by state that are defined as consistently as possible over time and across sectors. SEDS is used primarily to provide (1) state energy production, consumption, price, and expenditure estimates to Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, and the general public; and (2) the historical time series necessary to develop EIA’s energy models. Efforts are made to ensure that the sums of the state estimates equal the national totals as closely as possible for each energy type and end-use sector as published in other EIA publications. SEDS state energy consumption estimates are generally comparable to the statistics in EIA's Annual Energy Review and Monthly Energy Review consumption tables. Although SEDS incorporates the most consistent series and procedures possible, users of this report should recognize the limitations of the data that are due to changing and inadequate data sources. See the technical documentation for information on data inconsistencies. Category: Energy Resources and Industries Source: Energy Information Administration The Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the United States Department of Energy. Its mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. http://www.eia.doe.gov/ Subject: Energy Production, Energy Consumption, Electric Power, Electricity

Energy Information Administration. State Energy Data System: Electrical System Energy Losses | Indicator: The commercial sector's share of electrical system energy losses., 1960 - 2014. Data-Planet™ Statistical Datasets by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 004-012-026 Dataset: Reports estimates of electrical system energy losses for the United States as a whole and for individual states and Washington, DC, as available. The indicator refers to the amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses. The State Energy Data System (SEDS) is maintained and operated by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). The goal in maintaining SEDS is to create historical time series of energy production, consumption, prices, and expenditures by state that are defined as consistently as possible over time and across sectors. SEDS is used primarily to provide (1) state energy production, consumption, price, and expenditure estimates to Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, and the general public; and (2) the historical time series necessary to develop EIA’s energy models. Efforts are made to ensure that the sums of the state estimates equal the national totals as closely as possible for each energy type and end-use sector as published in other EIA publications. SEDS state energy consumption estimates are generally comparable to the statistics in EIA's Annual Energy Review and Monthly Energy Review consumption tables. Although SEDS incorporates the most consistent series and procedures possible, users of this report should recognize the limitations of the data that are due to changing and inadequate data sources. See the technical documentation for information on data inconsistencies. http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm Category: Energy Resources and Industries Subject: Electric Power, Electricity, Energy Consumption, Energy Production Source: Energy Information Administration The Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the United States Department of Energy. Its mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. http://www.eia.doe.gov.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/

Energy Information Administration. State Energy Data System: Electrical System Energy Losses | Indicator: Total electrical system energy losses., 1960 - 2012. Data-Planet™ Statistical Datasets by Conquest Systems, Inc. Dataset-ID: 004-012-026 Dataset: Reports estimates of electrical system energy losses for the United States as a whole and for individual states and Washington, DC, as available. The indicator refers to the amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses. The State Energy Data System (SEDS) is maintained and operated by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). The goal in maintaining SEDS is to create historical time series of energy production, consumption, prices, and expenditures by state that are defined as consistently as possible over time and across sectors. SEDS is used primarily to provide (1) state energy production, consumption, price, and expenditure estimates to Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, and the general public; and (2) the historical time series necessary to develop EIA’s energy models. Efforts are made to ensure that the sums of the state estimates equal the national totals as closely as possible for each energy type and end-use sector as published in other EIA publications. SEDS state energy consumption estimates are generally comparable to the statistics in EIA's Annual Energy Review and Monthly Energy Review consumption tables. Although SEDS incorporates the most consistent series and procedures possible, users of this report should recognize the limitations of the data that are due to changing and inadequate data sources. See the technical documentation for information on data inconsistencies. http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/seds-data-complete.cfm Category: Energy Resources and Industries Subject: Energy Production, Energy Consumption, Electric Power, Electricity Source: Energy Information Administration The Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the United States Department of Energy. Its mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. http://www.eia.doe.gov/

Energy Information Administration (2015). State Energy Data System: Electrical System Energy Losses | Country: USA | Indicator: The residential sector's share of electrical system energy losses. | Units: Billion Btu, 1960-2012. Data-Planet™ Statistical Ready Reference by Conquest Systems, Inc. [Data-file]. Dataset-ID: 004-012-026. Dataset: Reports estimates of electrical system energy losses for the United States as a whole and for individual states and Washington, DC, as available. The indicator refers to the amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted-for uses. The State Energy Data System (SEDS) is maintained and operated by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). The goal in maintaining SEDS is to create historical time series of energy production, consumption, prices, and expenditures by state that are defined as consistently as possible over time and across sectors. SEDS is used primarily to provide (1) state energy production, consumption, price, and expenditure estimates to Members of Congress, federal and state agencies, and the general public; and (2) the historical time series necessary to develop EIA’s energy models. Efforts are made to ensure that the sums of the state estimates equal the national totals as closely as possible for each energy type and end-use sector as published in other EIA publications. SEDS state energy consumption estimates are generally comparable to the statistics in EIA's Annual Energy Review and Monthly Energy Review consumption tables. Although SEDS incorporates the most consistent series and procedures possible, users of this report should recognize the limitations of the data that are due to changing and inadequate data sources. See the technical documentation for information on data inconsistencies. Category: Energy Resources and Industries Source: Energy Information Administration The Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is an independent statistical and analytical agency within the United States Department of Energy. Its mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. http://www.eia.doe.gov/ Subject: Energy Production, Energy Consumption, Electric Power, Electricity