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Для промышленных предприятий с многономенклатурным производством разработан метод распределения условно-постоянной составляющей общезаводского расхода электрической энергии по видам продукции, основанный на построении многофакторной математической модели электропотребления и учитывающий энергоемкость каждого вида продукции. ; For industrial enterprises with multi-item production, a method has been developed for distribution of the conditionally constant component of the plant-wide electric energy consumption by types of products, based on the construction of a multifactor mathematical model of power consumption and taking into account the energy intensity of each type of product.

Since July 2016, in all regions of Russia, it is planned to introduce the electricity tariffs with the social norm of consumption. The calculation method of the social norms of consumption for the different types of households is approved by the Government decree of the Russian Federation. The resolutions of the decree regulate the volume of electricity supply within a social norm not less than 70 % of the real volume of the supply of electric energy to the population. In this article, the analysis of the validity of the methods for calculating the social norm on the basis of the statistical analysis of the data on electricity consumption by Russian households is made. The purpose of this work is to develop an econometric model of electricity consumption by Russian households and to calculate reasonable social norms for different categories of households on the basis of this model. As the explanatory variables, the factors describing the size and living conditions of households were selected: the number of residents, the presence or absence of electric stove, the type of settlement (city or village), the climatic conditions of the region. The simulation results showed that according to the requirements of the social norm (at least 70 percent of the actual volume of electric energy delivery), the norms for households consisting of one person should be from 110 to 210 kWh depending on the living conditions. The necessary increment of social norms for the second, third and subsequent members of the households of different categories are also identified. The received values of social norms are not quite consistent with the values regulated by the legislatively approved method. For some types of households, the values are underestimated. The developed model considers the regional specific features of electricity consumption and can be useful for the calculation of the social norms of electricity consumption in the regions of the Russian Federation. Рассмотрена методика расчета социальной нормы потребления электроэнергии, регламентируемая постановлениями Правительства Российской Федерации. Представлены данные для построения эконометрической модели. Показан расчет обоснованной социальной нормы потребления энергии на основе разработанной модели.

На основе модели зависимости расхода электрической энергии от выпуска продукции для многономенклатурного производства выполнен расчет удельных расходов электрической энергии. В условиях модернизации системы освещения предложен способ прогнозирования энергоэффективности за счет корректировки исходной модели электропотребления на величину ожидаемой экономии. Исследовано влияние изменения производственной программы на результирующую энергоэффективность. ; Based on the model of the dependence of EE consumption on the output of products for a multi-product production, the calculation of the specific consumption of electrical energy was carried out. Under the conditions of modernization of the lighting system , a method is proposed for predicting energy efficiency by adjusting the initial model of power consumption by the amount of expected savings. The impact of changing the production program on the resulting energy efficiency has been studied.

На основе модели зависимости расхода электрической энергии от выпуска продукции произведена оценка структуры потребляемой электрической энергии для цементного производства. Для различной загрузки производства представлена оценка веса условно- постоянной составляющей электропотребления и ее влияние на энергоэффективность производства. ; Based on the model of dependence of EE consumption on output, an assessment was made of the structure of consumed electrical energy for cement production. For different loading of production, the weight of the conditionally constant component of power consumption and its impact on the energy efficiency of production were estimated.

In the base of the technical and economic indicators of the exploitation, an analysis of the efficiency of operation of Combined Heat and Power stations (CHP) in the district heating system at various loads during the year have been provided. The value of specific indicators of operation of the CHPs have been determined: a specific consumption of the fuel, the cost of the fuel per unit of energy produced, as well as the difference between the selling price of energy and acquisition costs of the fuel. As have been found, the optimization of CHP’s of the district heating loading during the year in the Chisinau municipality can offer an economic benefit amounted at 13-19 mln. lei MD in comparison with the current practice of CHP’s generation capacity use.

Статья предлагает способ оценки эффективности и потенциала энергосбережения в муниципальной бюджетной сфере на примере сети муниципальных образовательных учреждений города Красноярска, который выполнен по критериальным выражениям, основанным на законе оптимального построения техноценозов путем сопоставления двух интегральных показателей, один из которых характеризует получаемый положительный эффект, а второй – затраты ; The paper presents a method to assess the efficiency and the potential of energy saving in the municipal public sector on the example of the network of Krasnoyarsk municipal educational institutions. It is performed according to criteria expressions based on the law of optimal formation of technocenosis by comparing two integral indicators, one of them characterizes a positive effect, and another one expresses costs

The relevance of the study is due to development and implementation of state measures in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. The article is dedicated to study of prerequisites for the development and implementation of policies in the field of managing the demand for electricity in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, which are members of the United Energy System of the East. The article identifies and describes the specifics of the energy system of the Far Eastern Federal District and the OES of the East, covering such aspects as territories, technologies, the energy market, the systemic, structural and economic issues. We have analyzed the legislative measures aimed at improving the energy policy of the given macroregion, aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of these territorial entities. Based on analysis of the structure and characteristics of the parameters of demand for electricity consumption in the given areas, we have proved the effectiveness of the tools introduced for managing the demand for electricity in order to improve the energy efficiency of the territories of the Far East. Based on the study of the parameters of electricity demand of the OES of the East in terms of different periods, and on analysis of the technological features of the power system of the OES of the East in contrast with the UES of Russia, we have concluded that the power system of the Far Eastern macroregion incurs high costs covering the uneven demand for electricity; the energy costs can be in fact reduced through using demand management tools. The article provides a rationale for introducing a model for managing the demand for electricity in Russia based on individual pilot regions or macroregions. Identifying the structural characteristics of the energy system of the Far Eastern Federal District, we have proposed using the power system of the OES of the East as a platform for implementing a pilot project to study, develop and test the mechanisms of demand management in Russia, which will not only reduce the cost of electricity supply for consumers of the Far Eastern macroregion, but also further extend the positive effect of demand management to other regions of Russia. Актуальность исследования обусловлена разработкой и реализацией государственных мер в области энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности на территории регионов, входящих в Дальневосточный федеральный округ России. Проведено исследование предпосылок разработки и внедрения политики в области управления спросом на электроэнергию на территории регионов ДФО, входящих в Объединенную энергетическую систему Востока. Выявлены и описаны территориально-технические, энергорыночные, системные, структурные и экономическое особенности функционирования энергетической системы ДФО и ОЭС Востока. Приведены результаты анализа законодательных мер, направленных на совершенствование энергетической политики исследуемого макрорегиона по повышению инвестиционной привлекательности территориальных образований. На основе анализа структуры и особенностей параметров спроса на электропотребление на исследуемых территориях доказывается эффективность внедрения инструментов управления спросом на электроэнергию с целью повышения энергетической эффективности для территорий Дальнего Востока. Опираясь на проведенное исследование параметров спроса на электроэнергию ОЭС Востока в разрезе различных периодов и анализ технологических особенностей энергосистемы ОЭС Востока, в отличие от ЕЭС России, делается вывод о высоких затратах энергосистемы Дальневосточного макрорегиона на покрытие неравномерности спроса на электроэнергию, а также о наличии резервов сокращения энергетических затрат посредством применения инструментов управления спросом. Приводится обоснование целесообразности внедрения модели управления спросом на электроэнергию в России на базе отдельных пилотных регионов либо макрорегионов. На основе выявленных структурных характеристик энергетической системы ДФО предложено использование энергосистемы ОЭС Востока в качестве площадки для реализации пилотного проекта по исследованию, разработке и апробации механизмов управления спросом на электроэнергию в России, что позволит не только снизить затраты на отпуск электроэнергии для потребителей Дальневосточного макрорегиона, но и в дальнейшем распространить полученный положительный эффект от управления спросом на другие регионы России.

Разработан метод для прогнозирования энергоэффективности в технологических системах водоотведения при учете ввода в эксплуатацию трубопроводных сетей, внедрении мероприятий по энергосбережению, изменения объемов производства. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при формировании себестоимости продукции и прогнозировании электропотребления. = The method for forecasting energy efficiency in technological systems of water disposal is developed. The method takes into account the commissioning of the pipeline network, energy saving measures, the change in output. The results can be used in the formation of production costs and energy consumption forecasting. ; The method for forecasting energy efficiency in technological systems of water disposal is developed. The method takes into account the commissioning of the pipeline network, energy saving measures, the change in output. The results can be used in the formation of production costs and energy consumption forecasting.

One of the worldwide modern instruments to increase power efficiency is the price-dependent electricity consumption. It is one of the elements in managing the demand for power consumption. The programs of price-dependent power consumption are globally relevant. However, in Russia, their development is still on a conceptual phase. This paper analyses regional tariffs for the power transmission from the perspective of encouraging consumers to price-dependent demand management for electricity consumption. We examine the structure of final electricity tariffs for various categories of consumers as well as identify the percentage rate for the electricity transmission for each category. We consider the methodology of single-part and two-part tariffs for electricity transmission, their structure, and advantages of application. On the example of Volga Federal District tariffs, we have calculated single-part and two-part tariffs for the power transmission in industrial enterprises in terms of three typical schedules of electricity consumption. To compare the efficiency of the price-dependent demand management for the electricity transmission in different regions of Russia, we have introduced the indicators “coefficient of the transmission tariff” and “integral coefficient of the transmission tariff”. Furthermore, we made calculations for 65 regions of Russia entering the price zones of power wholesale market. As a result of the analysis, we divided Russian regions of Russia according to the indicator of “integrated coefficient of transmission tariff” in 3 administrative groups. For each group, we have developed recommendations on price-dependent demand management for power transmission. The theoretical significance of the research consists in the development of methods for the analysis and selection of the most appropriate industrial enterprise tariff for electricity transmission. In practice, regional authorities can use the developed groups of regions to change the structure of regional tariffs in order to stimulate consumers to price-dependent power consumption. Moreover, the algorithm for calculating tariffs for electricity transmission can be applied by the industrial Russia enterprises in price-dependent demand management of power consumption to choose an optimum tariff and reduce costs on power transmission. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. Проанализированы региональные тарифы на оплату услуг по передаче электрической энергии с позиции стимулирования потребителей электроэнергии к ценозависимому управлению спросом на электропотребление. Рассмотрены методика применения одноставочных и двухставочных тарифов на передачу электроэнергии, их структура и преимущества применения. На примере тарифов, действующих в Приволжском федеральном округе, рассчитаны одноставочные и двухставочные тарифы на оплату услуг по передаче для промышленных предприятий в разрезе трех типовых графиков электропотребления. The article has been supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (Resolution No211 of 16.03.2013), Agreement No 02.A03.21.0011.

The article is dedicated to the study of random parameters describing the processes of electric energy consumption in power systems of different levels of localization. The objective of this research is to construct the mathematical model that adequately describes consumption modes as random processes. As experimental studies, we statistically processed the data on energy consumption of several settlements, regional and integrated energy systems of Ukraine for 2015-2017. The results obtained were used as the base for developing and testing the mathematical models. To achieve this goal, representations of the model parameters as random variables were used, and the results of simulation were compared with experimental data. The scatter of drift values is generally greater than volatility. When a group of consumers is combined or the size of the local power system increased, the spread of parameters expectedly decreases. The most significant result of the research is establishment of probability distribution laws for the parameters of the process of electric energy consumption. For the indicator of volatility, it can be considered as Gaussian. The drift index is well described by the Weibull distribution. We estimated the size of a random sampling of experimental data needed to obtain statistically stable results. Significance of the obtained results consists in establishing the degree of consistency of the actual data and random implementations of the simulation model, which proves adequacy of the proposed mathematical model and makes it possible to assess the real uncertainty of the process of balancing the power system.