• Energy Research

Recently, Bauke and Mertens conjectured that the local statistics of energies in random spin systems with discrete spin space should in most circumstances be the same as in the random energy model. This was proven in a large class of models for energies that do not grow too fast with the system size. Considering the example of the generalized random energy model, we show that the conjecture breaks down for energies proportional to the volume of the system, and describe the far more complex behavior that then sets in.

Identifying the incidence of free-ridership is significant to a range of issues relevant to program evaluation, including the calculation of net program benefits and more general assessments of political acceptability. Estimates of free-ridership in the area of energy policy frequently rely on ex-post surveys that ask program participants whether they would have behaved differently in the absence of program support. The present paper proposes an ex-ante approach to the calculation of the free-rider share using revealed preference data on home renovations from Germany's residential sector. We employ a discrete-choice model to simulate the effect of grants on renovation choices, the output from which is used to assess the extent of free-ridership under a contemporary subsidy program. Aside from its simplicity, a key advantage of the approach is that it bestows policymakers with an estimate of free-ridership prior to program implementation.

Summary Identifying free-ridership is significant to several issues relevant to program evaluation, including the calculation of net program benefits and assessments of political acceptability. Despite the potential of free-ridership to seriously undermine the economic efficiency of a program intervention, for instance to foster energy efficiency, the issue remains largely absent from contemporary environmental and energy policy discussions in Europe. One reason for this neglect is the inherent difficulty of assessing which households would have undertaken the energy conservation activity even without the program. This paper proposes a procedure to calculate the free-rider share using revealed preference data on home renovations from Germany’s residential sector.We employ a discrete-choice model to analyze the effect of grants on renovation choices, the output from which is used to assess the extent of free-ridership under a subsidy program very akin to an implemented grants program in Germany. Our empirical results suggest only very moderate energy savings induced by the program, making free-riding a problem of outstanding importance.

Fluctuation phenomena are important to many physical systems, such as the fusion plasma. Noise theory is used to study the time and space correlations of stationary Markovian fluctuations that are statistically homogeneous and isotropic. The relaxation of the fluctuations is modeled by the diffusion equation. The spatial correlations are modeled by the exponential decay. Based on these models, the correlation function and the power spectral density of random fluctuations. We also find that the fluctuation-induced transport coefficients may be estimated by the correlation length and the correlation time. The theoretical results are compared with the observed plasma density fluctuations from tokamak and helimak experiments. ; Physics

Recently, Bauke and Mertens conjectured that the local statistics of energies in random spin systems with discrete spin space should in most circumstances be the same as in the random energy model. This was proven in a large class of models for energies that do not grow too fast with the system size. Considering the example of the generalized random energy model, we show that the conjecture breaks down for energies proportional to the volume of the system, and describe the far more complex behavior that then sets in.

Energy demand modelling is essential for reliable informing and framing energy policy decisions. More accurate modelling betters ensuring availability of energy and energy quality. Energy availability is related to energy access across the country and defines important economic measures such as energy poverty, which plays a critical role in developing countries. Energy quality is related to the reliability of the supply for correctly estimating energy needs. To incorporate spatial and temporal components of energy in a way that availability and quality are accurately assessed, this article discussed a number of suitable task methods for this (Second-generation GAMs with one-dimensional smoothers: Cyclic/Non-Cyclic Cubic Splines and two-dimensional smoothers: Markov Random Fields/Tensor Splines Interactions). The results showed that the complete consideration of both temporal and spatial aspects leads to a better fitted model which explains more of the data variation.

Latest trend in research tend to fulfill requirements of the most talked about 5G networks. These networks need to be be engineered in terms of cost, energy and spectral efficiency, number of connected devices and latency. Cognitive Radio (CR) is one of the promising techniques to meet the above mentioned requirements that operates at microwave frequencies and exploits underutilized spectrum bands. Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is a new channel judgment method that use multicarrier modulation scheme. UFMC is consider like an applicant for the 5th Generation of wireless communication systems and replaces OFDM .Latest research indicates that cellular networks are better operated with the novel UFMC with enhanced performance in terms of improved spectral efficiency, less usage of energy as well as latency. However, an emerging area of Information and Communication technology (ICT) are Cognitive radio based Sensor Networks (CSNs). Even basic observations using empirical approach can reveal important observations, especially if the above mentioned latest channel estimation technique (UFMC) , is tried and observed for CSNs. The option of CSNs as test bed is based on abundant use of the supporting in various social and military setups. In this work, part of frequency synchronization and channel estimation are explore and correlate with OFDM and UFMC systems with CSNs as testbed, primarily with a computer-aided software simulator and also with real time experimentation in special laboratory if resources permit.

Iowa’s farmland consists of over 16% hay crops and pastureland, a significant portion of which is under cash rental contracts. This study investigates the comparative relationships between cash rental rates for cropped land and non-cropped land, where the latter includes hay and pastureland. We find that higher crop prices resulting from biofuel demand induces land use conversion from non-cropped land to crop production and thus bids up non-cropped land rents. Compared with changes in cropped land cash rents, non-cropped farmland rents could increase by a higher percentage. Non-cropped land cash rental rates are largely determined by crop and feeder cattle prices, population density, soil quality, and proportion of non-cropped land in a specific area. A primary effect of ethanol subsidies is the redistribution of income between corn growers and livestock producers, whereby higher livestock feed costs together with increasing hay and pastureland cash rents harm the dairy and feedlot beef sectors. Our study shows that, because of the positive effect on rents, the policies have an indeterminate effect on landowners operating in the cow-calf sector.