• Energy Research

This paper examines the role that emissions trading among states can play in implementing the Clean Power Plan in the U.S., reviewing the structure and performance of existing carbon markets as examples for how a multistate carbon market might be implemented. Additionally, given the politically contentious environment surrounding the Clean Power Plan, the paper reviews the arguments of states opposing the Clean Power Plan and analyzes to what extent this opposition is driven by ideologically motivated political factors as opposed to economic factors. Overall, I find that while both political and economic factors drive opposition to the Clean Power Plan, ideologically motivated political factors seem to play a stronger role in states’ attitudes. With regard to cost-effective implementation of the Clean Power Plan, a review of the literature suggests that thoroughly incorporating market-driven carbon pricing mechanisms and facilitating coordination among states will be crucial in determining the rule’s overall effectiveness. ; Public Affairs

This paper provides recommendations for combining the carbon budget with the carbon tax to support delivery of South Africa’s emissions reduction targets beyond 2020. The analysis involved comparing four categories of policy alignment options, including layering, ‘tax enforces budget’ option, hybrid options with trading and differential instruments, across eight core principles such as emissions reduction effectiveness, emissions certainty, cost-effectiveness, polluter pays principle, equitable treatment, distributional issues, feasibility and simplicity, and sensitivity to international competition.

"February 2008." ; "The study was written by Terry Dinan"--Preface. ; Shipping List #: 2008-0267-P. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Also available via the Internet from the CBO web site. Address as of 6/11/2008: http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8934/02-12-Carbon.pdf ; current access available via PURL.

This thesis examines the conditions for the realization of a decarbonized and sustainable industrial civilization by studying certain aspects of its physical feasibility and political acceptability. Chapter 1 studies the evolution of the Energy Return On Investment in different prospective scenarios, and predicts that the overall efficiency of the electricity sector to supply a net energy surplus would be halved in a 100% renewable scenario. Chapter 2 highlights the importance of metal recyclability in a model of optimal extraction of metals and fossil fuels for energy production. The annex to Chapter 2 extends the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem to the case of a convex series under a finite number of constraints. Chapters 3 and 4 are based on a survey of a representative sample of three thousand French people, carried out during the Yellow vests movement. Chapter 3 examines beliefs about a carbon "tax & dividend", a measure touted to combat climate change because of its effectiveness and progressivity. If 70% reject the tax & dividend, it is because of pessimistic perceptions about its properties: in contradiction with the micro-simulations, most believe that their household would lose purchasing power with the reform, perceive it as regressive, and inefficient to reduce pollution and fight climate change. Chapter 4 analyses knowledge, perceptions and values related to climate change, examines opinions on carbon taxation and assesses support for other climate policies. ; Cette thèse s'interroge sur les conditions de réalisation d'une civilisation industrielle décarbonée et durable, en étudiant certains aspects de sa faisabilité physique et de son acceptabilité politique. Le Chapitre I étudie l'évolution du taux de retour énergétique dans différents scénarios prospectifs, et prédit que l'efficacité globale du secteur de l'électricité à fournir un surplus d'énergie serait réduite de moitié dans un scénario 100% renouvelable. Le Chapitre 2 souligne l'importance de la recyclabilité des métaux dans un modèle ...

This thesis examines the conditions for the realization of a decarbonized and sustainable industrial civilization by studying certain aspects of its physical feasibility and political acceptability. Chapter 1 studies the evolution of the Energy Return On Investment in different prospective scenarios, and predicts that the overall efficiency of the electricity sector to supply a net energy surplus would be halved in a 100% renewable scenario. Chapter 2 highlights the importance of metal recyclability in a model of optimal extraction of metals and fossil fuels for energy production. The annex to Chapter 2 extends the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem to the case of a convex series under a finite number of constraints. Chapters 3 and 4 are based on a survey of a representative sample of three thousand French people, carried out during the Yellow vests movement. Chapter 3 examines beliefs about a carbon "tax & dividend", a measure touted to combat climate change because of its effectiveness and progressivity. If 70% reject the tax & dividend, it is because of pessimistic perceptions about its properties: in contradiction with the micro-simulations, most believe that their household would lose purchasing power with the reform, perceive it as regressive, and inefficient to reduce pollution and fight climate change. Chapter 4 analyses knowledge, perceptions and values related to climate change, examines opinions on carbon taxation and assesses support for other climate policies.; Cette thèse s'interroge sur les conditions de réalisation d'une civilisation industrielle décarbonée et durable, en étudiant certains aspects de sa faisabilité physique et de son acceptabilité politique. Le Chapitre I étudie l'évolution du taux de retour énergétique dans différents scénarios prospectifs, et prédit que l'efficacité globale du secteur de l'électricité à fournir un surplus d'énergie serait réduite de moitié dans un scénario 100% renouvelable. Le Chapitre 2 souligne l'importance de la recyclabilité des métaux dans un modèle d'extraction optimale des métaux et des fossiles pour la production d'énergie. L'annexe au Chapitre 2 étend le théorème de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker au cas d'une série convexe sous un nombre fini de contraintes. Les Chapitres 3 et 4 se fondent sur une enquête auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de trois milles français, réalisée durant le mouvement des Gilets jaunes. Le Chapitre 3 étudie les croyances relatives à une taxe carbone avec dividende, mesure vantée pour lutter contre le changement climatique du fait de son efficacité et de sa progressivité. Si 70 % rejettent la taxe avec dividende. c'est en raison de perceptions pessimistes quant à ses propriétés : en contradiction avec les micro-simulations effectuées, la plupart pensent que leur ménage perdrait en pouvoir d'achat suite à la réforme, la perçoivent comme régressive et inefficace pour réduire la pollution et lutter contre le changement climatique. Le Chapitre 4 analyse les connaissances, les perceptions et les valeurs liées au changement climatique, examine les opinions relatives à la taxation du carbone et évalue le soutien à d'autres politiques climatiques.

Recent years have seen renewed and growing interest in carbon taxes that put a price on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This resurgence in interest has come as over three-quarters of the world have developed Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement and are looking for cost-effective ways to achieve these emission reduction goals. It has also developed alongside a gradual shift toward taxes on goods and services, with many jurisdictions seeking to use the tax system to achieve greater economic efficiency and to pursue a range of policy goals beyond raising revenue. Experience has shown carbon taxes to be versatile instruments that are capable of being adapted to a wide range of policy goals and national contexts. This Guide provides a practical tool to help policymakers determine whether a carbon tax is the right instrument to achieve their policy goals and to support them in designing and implementing a tax that is best suited to their specific needs, circumstances and objectives. The guide provides both conceptual analysis and important practical lessons learned from implementing carbon taxes around the world. ; Ces dernières années ont vu se renouveler et grandir l’intérêt pour les instruments politiques qui donnent un prix aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) par l'adoption de taxes carbone. Le regain d'intérêt pour les taxes carbone est apparu alors que plus des trois quarts des nations du monde ont développé des Contributions déterminées au niveau national (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDC) aux termes de l'Accord de Paris et qu’elles recherchent de plus en plus des manières de transformer ces objectifs en actions avec un bon rapport coût-efficacité. Il s'est également développé en parallèle d'un mouvement progressif vers la taxation des biens et services, avec un grand nombre de juridictions qui cherchent à utiliser le système de taxation pour obtenir une plus grande efficacité économique et poursuivre une série d'objectifs politiques au-delà de l'augmentation des ...

Shipping list no.: 2011-0276-P ; Includes bibliographical references ; Mode of access: Internet.

Résumé Même si l’Union européenne mène clairement la lutte mondiale contre le changement climatique et en dépit de la réduction des émissions dues à la crise mondiale et la récession européenne, les objectifs ambitieux affichés dans la stratégie « 20-20-20 d’ici 2020 » et le « paquet climat-énergie » sont sans doute hors de portée si une politique plus résolue et cohérente de taxation du carbone n’est pas rapidement mise en place au niveau de l’UE. Dans cet article, nous détaillons et discutons les différentes options en présence pour améliorer l’efficacité de la taxation du carbone dans l’UE.

AbstractThis paper analyses and compares the performance of resource taxes and capital taxes in financing public goods while considering the positive effects of public expenditure on firm productivity. It is motivated by Franks et al. (2017), who argue that the advantage of the resource tax consists in its potential to reap foreign resource rents. I employ an analytical general equilibrium framework of identical resource‐poor countries, where local firms use internationally mobile capital and a net imported resource in production as well as local public infrastructure. The latter is financed solely by either taxing the input of the resource or capital. The choice of the policy instrument is exogenous to policy makers and symmetric across countries. I find that expenditure on infrastructure renders the impact of fiscal policy on the terms of trade ambiguous under resource taxation and negative under capital taxation. Moreover, public expenditure weakens the outflow of factors moderating the deficit of public spending caused by tax competition. This holds for both policy scenarios. Considering both effects simultaneously, resource taxation cannot generally be identified as the policy to provide higher provision or efficiency. A numerical exercise shows cases for higher provision of either policy.