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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2013 United KingdomPublisher:University of Sao Paulo Authors: dos Santos, Juliane Barbosa; Jabbour, Charbel Jose Chiappetta;handle: 1893/25889
The sun has an extremely important role in the existence of human beings, and Brazil has a privileged geographical position to explore sunlight. The union of these two factors favors the use of solar cells for converting solar energy into electricity by photovoltaic technology: it is a great alternative energy source, especially for being a clean one, causing less damage to the environment. This paper addresses the photovoltaic technology with a focus on hospitals, through case studies found in international literature, because hospitals, even running all important services to society, have a potential for pollution capable of causing damage to human health and the environment that is around them. It is estimated that the Brazilian oil reserves are sufficient for twenty-two years. This makes the search for alternative sources for power generation a necessity.
University of Stirli... arrow_drop_down University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research RepositoryArticle . 2013License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25889Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert University of Stirli... arrow_drop_down University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research RepositoryArticle . 2013License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25889Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2015 PortugalAuthors: Clemente, Miguel Rolinho;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra The increase of temperature on PV cells is considered one of the most critical issues that affects their efficiency, promoting degradation and cell life reduction. Therefore, thermal management is essential and must be an integral part of PV systems. In this thesis, the constructal law is explored as a design tool to develop a thermal management system for PV cells, based on single-phase forced convection. In order to cool the PV cell rectangular area, a tree-network structure has been chosen to test the constructal theory approach. Considering this, an experimental facility has been built with 3D printing. The voltage and temperature output of a PV cell has been characterized with and without thermal management. The results evidence an improvement of 32 % on the PV cell efficiency through a decrease in the temperature coefficient (∂V/∂T) of 16.5 %. Therefore, constructal design applied to cooling technology shows great potential to improve photovoltaic thermal managements. O aumento da temperatura em células fotovoltaicas é considerado um dos problemas mais críticos que afeta a sua eficiência, promovendo degradação e redução da vida útil da célula. Portanto, o controlo da temperatura é essencial e deve ser uma parte integrante dos sistemas fotovoltaicos. Esta tese explora a lei construtal para desenvolver uma instalação experimental para arrefecimento das células fotovoltaicas. De forma a arrefecer a área retangular da célula fotovoltaica, foi es- colhida uma estrutura em árvore para testar a abordagem da teoria con- strutal. Tendo isto em consideração, foi construída uma instalação ex- perimental com impressão 3D. A voltagem produzida e a temperatura da célula fotovoltaica foram caracterizados com e sem o sistema de gestão tér- mica. Os resultados evidenciam um melhoramento de 32 % na eficiência da célula através de uma redução no coeficiente de temperatura ((∂V/∂T) de 16.5 %. Portanto, o design construtal aplicado a tecnologia de arrefecimento demonstra grande potencial para melhorar a gestão térmica de sistemas fo- tovoltaicos.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2013 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa Authors: Lopes, Ricardo Jorge Cabral;Trabalho Final para obtenção do grau Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica As crises energéticas surgidas no decorrer do último século, incluindo a crise do petróleo, obrigaram o Homem a, cada vez mais, procurar fontes de energia alternativas e preferencialmente inesgotáveis. Desta situação, resultou uma forte aposta na exploração das fontes de energias renováveis, que são uma das principais alternativas para responder a um aumento de procura, e também, além disso, face às exigências de consumos actuais, a aposta numa energia limpa e renovável promove uma forte redução dos impactos ambientais associados ao seu consumo e que outras fontes de energia não apresentam. Sendo a energia solar relativamente bem distribuída pela superfície habitada da Terra, é uma das mais promissoras formas de energia renovável. Nas últimas décadas tem tido um enorme crescimento a nível mundial, com diversos programas governamentais a incentivarem a instalação destes sistemas. Este trabalho teve como principal objectivo demostrar como o efeito do sombreamento afecta o desempenho dos módulos fotovoltaicos e comparar o comportamento de dois modelos matemáticos da célula fotovoltaica. Abstract: The energetic crisis that occurred during the last century, including the oil crisis, forced Man to search for more alternative energy sources and preferably inexhaustible ones. From this situation resulted a strong bet on renewable energy sources exploration, which are one of the main alternatives to respond to the increased demand and also to meet the requirements of the current energy consumption. When betting in a clean and renewable energy we benefit from a stronger reduction in environmental impact that other energy sources do not provide. Being solar energy, relatively well distributed over the inhabited earth is one of the most promising forms of renewable energy. In the last few decades has had a huge growth worldwide, with many government programs to encourage the installation of these systems. The aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effect of shading effects on the performance of photovoltaic modules, and compare the performance of two mathematical models of the photovoltaic cell.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2008 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão Authors: Freitas, Susana Sofia Alves;No presente trabalho é feita uma descrição e análise dos componentes principais que constituem os sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos e ligados à rede. Foram também sistematizados os passos que, no seu conjunto, constituem uma metodologia adequada para efectuar o dimensionamento de ambos os tipos de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Com base na metodologia identificada foi desenvolvida uma aplicação computacional em linguagem Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) para a Internet, a qual foi utilizada em dois casos de estudo: Dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico autónomo e de um sistema fotovoltaico ligado à rede. In this work, the main components of photovoltaic systems both stand alone and grid connected, are described and analysed. It was also presented the sequence of the main tasks, which constitutes a methodology suitable to carry out the sizing procedure of both stand-alone and grid connected photovoltaic systems. Based on this methodology, a computational application was developed under Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) language for the Internet, which was used on two study cases: Sizing of a stand-alone photovoltaic system and grid connected photovoltaic system.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2023 PortugalAuthors: Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Manuel Farinha;Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica As recentes melhorias tecnológicas e a redução de custos nos sistemas de aproveitamento solar fotovoltaico, tornaram estes sistemas vantajosos e alvo de interesse. Diversos estudos têm sido feitos a diversas escalas e para diferentes localizações, mas são essencialmente em locais fixos. Esta dissertação estudou a viabilidade de equipar uma autocaravana com um sistema fotovoltaico de geração de energia isolado da rede, de maneira a haver uma produção independente da rede de energia elétrica. Durante a realização do estudo foi tida em conta a mudança de coordenadas do sistema, que ao contrário dos habituais sistemas fotovoltaicos, é móvel, e, portanto, a radiação para além de depender da época do ano também dependerá da localização do sistema. Para comprovar o benefício desta aplicação numa autocaravana, foram definidas duas rotas sujeitas a alterações de condições (radiação e temperatura). Uma rota sendo menos produtiva de sul ao norte da Europa, e outra que permanece a sul da Europa. Ao mesmo tempo foi estabelecido um consumo diário, que com o auxílio dos gráficos apresentados neste trabalho, que mostram a energia armazenada nas baterias, foi possível observar a variação de energia armazenada ao longo do percurso. Na rota que varia do sul a norte da Europa haverá outro estudo, que avaliará se existe vantagens em haver produção durante o percurso entre cidades. Com os resultados obtidos, pode concluir-se que esta implementação é uma opção viável, uma vez que a produção de energia elétrica conseguida com os painéis fotovoltaicos foi suficiente para colmatar os consumos considerados como referência. Na análise económica foi feito um estudo partindo do princípio de que quando a caravana não está em utilização o sistema fotovoltaico continua em utilização em um local fixo, de onde se verifica que o retorno do investimento inicial não ocorrerá. The recent technological improvement and the reduction of costs of the photovoltaic solar systems exploitation made these systems advantageous and target of interest. Many studies have been made at different scales and for different locations but are essentially made at fixed locations. This work studied the viability of equipping a motorhome with a photovoltaic energy generation system, to have production independent of the electric energy grid. During the realization of the study, the changes of the coordinate system was considered, unlike the habitual photovoltaic systems, that are movable, and therefore the radiation beyond depending on the season of the year, also will depend on the system localization. To prove the benefit of this application on a motorhome, it was defined two routes subject to alterations of conditions (radiation and temperature). One route being less productive from south to north of Europe, and another that remains in the south of Europe. At the same time, it was established a daily consumption, that with the graphs presented on this work, it was possible to observe the stored energy variation, along the way. In the route that varies from south to north of Europe there will be another study, that evaluates if there are any advantages in having production during the route between cities. With the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that this implementation is a viable option, since that with the electric energy produced achieved with the photovoltaic panels, it was enough to bridge the consumption considered as reference. In the economics analysis, it was done a study starting from the beginning that when the motorhome its not being used the photovoltaic system continues being used in a fixed local, from where is verified that the return of initial investment will not occur. N/A
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2018 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa Authors: Correia, José Rafael Louro Santos;Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica na Área de especialização de Energia O presente trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar o estudo da energia produzida por um sistema de concentração fotovoltaico CPV que utiliza módulos com células de multijunção. Estas células permitem aproveitar uma maior amplitude do espectro de radiação solar pela utilização de materiais semicondutores com diferentes larguras de banda. A utilização de lentes para a concentração da radiação solar permite ainda aumentar o fluxo de fotões que atingem a célula, utilizando para a mesma potência uma quantidade de material semicondutor muito menor. Apresenta-se um estudo comparativo entre esta tecnologia e a tecnologia convencional PV com módulos constituídos por células de silício. Conclui-se que a tecnologia CPV, apesar da utilização de células que têm o dobro da eficiência das de silício convencionais, ainda não consegue produzir mais energia por unidade de potência instalada, devido ao sistema de concentração permitir apenas a utilização da radiação direta que é 28% inferior à absorvida pelo sistema PV, no local em estudo. Sendo que as estas perdas, ainda se tem de juntar as perdas resultantes da refração da radiação nas lentes que constituem o concentrador (12-25%). The present work aims to study the energy produced by a CPV photovoltaic concentration system that uses modules with multijunction cells. These cells allow to take advantage of a greater amplitude of the solar radiation spectrum by using semiconductor materials with different bandgaps. The use of lenses for the concentration of solar radiation also allows to increase the flow of photons reaching the cell, using a much smaller amount of semiconductor material for the same power. It’s presented a comparative study between this technology and conventional PV technology with modules made of silicon cells. It is concluded that the CPV technology, despite the use of cells which have twice the efficiency of conventional silicon, still cannot produce more energy per unit of installed power, because the concentration system allows only the use of the direct radiation that is 28% lower than that absorbed by the PV system at the study site. To these losses, still must add the losses resulting from the refraction of the radiation in the lenses that constitute the concentrator (12-25%). N/A
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019 BrazilAuthors: Camargo Francisco, Ana Carolina; De Miranda Vieira, Henrique Ewbank; Romano, Regiane Relva; Monteiro Masalskiene Roveda, Sandra Regina;handle: 11449/198322
Although it does not have a universally accepted definition, the concept of smart cities is increasingly being discussed. With the significant increase in the percentage of the population living in cities and the consequent increase in the use of resources, new city models are designed so such growth can be sustainable. Energy is one of the key resources needed by man, and new forms of energy generation must be considered. Due to the Brazilian geographic conditions, the use of photovoltaic energy seems to be an excellent option, but today it corresponds to approximately 2% of the total Brazilian energy. This work aimed to relate how the meteorological conditions influence the energy generation of photovoltaic panels to allow the creation of tools that identify regions with high potential of photovoltaic energy generation. The meteorological variables were considered as independent variables of the proposed model, which sought to explain the dependent variable Energy. The results demonstrated a potential generation of photovoltaic solar energy in several places in Brazil since the incidence of solar radiation was identified as the variable that most explains the energy generated and the country has high rates of this variable in all its extension.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2017 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Authors: Daltrozo, Jenifer Godoy;Monografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Tecnologia, Curso de Especialização em Eficiência Energética Aplicada aos Processos Produtivos, EaD, RS, 2017. ; Due to the constant environmental problems caused by the use of non-renewable energies and also to the scarcity of these sources, the design and constructive energy efficiency is an exit for the reutilization of these sources. Parallel to this, the globalization and the wide competition of the hotel sector, modified the types of users. The different thoughts and cultures, new technologies and new concepts to attract customers, allied to the energy economy, have become fundamental in the design of the hotel company. As a result, this research aims to develop the analysis and design of a photovoltaic system for a hotel building in the city of Santa Maria / RS and present the quantitative data of panels to replace the existing system by photovoltaic. In addition, an analysis of the contract of demand with the local utility. Through the application of a methodology based on the use of software and equations, we reach quantitative results of panels, power generation, installed power and a simulation of the value of implantation. As well as the creation of scenarios to simulate the change in demand contracting values leading to financial savings. Thus, it is demonstrated the use of the photovoltaic system for the hotel building providing a total supply of consumption and thus making an energy efficient initiative. ; Devido aos problemas ambientais constantes causados pelo uso das energias não renováveis e também à escassez dessas fontes, a eficiência energética projetual e construtiva é uma saída para o reaproveitamento dessas fontes. Paralelo a isso, a globalização e a ampla concorrência do setor hoteleiro, modificaram os tipos de usuários. Os diferentes pensamentos e culturas, novas tecnologias e novos conceitos para atrair clientes, aliado também à economia de energia, passaram a ser fundamental na concepção da empresa ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2019 BrazilAuthors: Weizenmann, Yuri;handle: 10737/2726
Este trabalho objetiva identificar a viabilidade técnica e econômica para a melhor alocação de recursos entre dois projetos de geração de energia fotovoltaica definidos, baseados nas variáveis climáticas, dados das instalações a campo e tarifas de energia elétrica para a projeção dos financiamentos, sendo simulados pelo software PVSOL. A metodologia proposta resulta numa avaliação sobre qual o melhor investimento entre duas instalações de geração solar fotovoltaica distintas, sendo uma na zona rural e a outra na zona urbana, onde possuem diferentes tarifas de energia elétrica entre si. Ambas as unidades consumidoras sob análise são pertencentes ao mesmo consumidor e estão instaladas em área abrangente da mesma concessionária. Os dados para as simulações dos financiamentos foram coletados pessoalmente em três instituições bancárias, no mesmo Município onde as instalações estão alocadas. Por fim, este trabalho conclui como sendo a área urbana a melhor localização para a instalação do sistema fotovoltaico, utilizando como métrica o Payback composto. ; This research aims to identify the technical and economic feasibility for the best allocation of resources between two defined photovoltaic power generation projects, based on climate variables, data from field installations and electricity tariffs for projection of financing, being simulated by the software PVSOL. The proposed methodology results in an evaluation of what is the best investment between two different photovoltaic solar generation facilities, one in the rural area and the other in the urban area, where they have different rates of electricity between them. Both consumer units under analysis belong to the same consumer and are installed in a wide area of the energy provider. Data for financing simulations were collected personally at three bank institutions in the same city where the installations are located. Finally, this research concludes that the urban area is the best location for the installation of the photovoltaic system, using the composite Payback as a metric.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2014 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Authors: Sousa, Ana Rita Miranda de;Mestrado em Energias Sustentáveis No âmbito da disciplina “Dissertação/Projeto/Estágio”, do 2º ano do mestrado em Energias Sustentáveis do Instituto Superior de engenharia do Porto (ISEP) surge o presente documento, uma dissertação. Este trabalho tem como foco de estudo o dimensionamento de uma central de miniprodução fotovoltaica para o próprio instituto do ensino, ISEP, e a análise de viabilidade económica da mesma instalação. A solução pensada numa fase inicial para a instituição passava pela instalação de um sistema de autoconsumo fotovoltaico. Tendo em conta que os consumos do ISEP são muito elevados, em termos de potência, e existe uma limitação da área disponível para a colocação dos painéis fotovoltaicos, a melhor opção a adotar será a miniprodução fotovoltaica. Outro aspeto que fundamenta esta solução é o baixo consumo ou, até mesmo, a não existência de consumo nos períodos de férias escolares e fins-de-semana, que leva à falta de aproveitamento do sistema. Com o crescente aumento do consumo energético a nível mundial e a sobre-exploração dos recursos fósseis existentes surge a necessidade de procurar soluções criativas para a produção de energia. As energias renováveis aparecem como uma solução sustentável, de modo a culminar um dos maiores problemas do século. A utilização deste tipo de fontes de energia tornou-se prioritário na produção de eletricidade, pois a sua obtenção representa um menor custo e os impactes ambientais a elas associados são reduzidos. Esta alternativa também leva à diminuição da exploração dos recursos fósseis. Neste sentido, uma das soluções a adotar é a produção de energia elétrica através de sistemas fotovoltaicos. O principal objetivo desta dissertação sobrevém da contextualização apresentada, ou seja, dimensionar uma unidade de produção de energia através de uma fonte renovável, o Sol, de modo a diminuir a fatura energética, diminuir a exploração de recursos fósseis e diminuir os impactes ambientais adversos da exploração dos mesmos recursos. A central de miniprodução fotovoltaica, com ligação à rede elétrica, apresenta cerca de 250kWp de potência máxima a injetar na Rede Elétrica de Serviço Público (RESP). Outro objetivo é a realização da análise da viabilidade económica da unidade de produção de energia. O dimensionamento foi realizado com recurso a um programa conceituado na área, o PVsyst, respeitando uma certa metodologia. Essa metodologia compreende as etapas seguintes: determinação do local de instalação da central fotovoltaica, análise do mesmo e definição das características do local e do projeto; seleção dos módulos fotovoltaicos; seleção do inversor; configuração do sistema e definição da potência de ligação à rede. A análise de viabilidade económica foi efetuada recorrendo ao regime remuneratório possível, o regime bonificado. Os resultados obtidos da análise realizada forneceram indicadores importantes que servirão de apoio a uma futura decisão, caso o instituto opte pela instalação deste sistema. Conclui-se então que um sistema fixo com módulos fotovoltaicos do tipo monocristalino e com uma potência de pico de 250kW representa um investimento rentável, pois o investimento é amortizado num período de tempo inferior ao tempo de exploração, sendo a remuneração efetiva superior à exigida. The following dissertation is submitted for the 2nd year of the MA in Sustainable Energies at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). This study focuses on the sizing of a mini photovoltaic plant for the ISEP itself and also presents an economic feasibility analysis for the plant. The solution designed at an early stage for the institution was the implementation of a self-consumption photovoltaic system. Later, it was decided to implement a mini photovoltaic plant, this because the ISEP consumption is very high, in terms of power, and there is a limitation of the area available for placement of photovoltaic panels. Another aspect that supports this solution is the low-power or even the absence of consumption during school holidays and weekends, which leads to lack of system utilization. With the increase in energy consumption worldwide and the overexploitation of existing fossil resources, there is a need to seek creative solutions for energy production. Renewable energies are a sustainable solution for one of the major problems of this century. The use of this type of energy source has become a priority in the production of electricity, since costs are lower and associated environmental impacts are reduced. This alternative also leads to a reduction in the exploitation of fossil fuels. For this reason, one of the solutions to be adopted is electricity production using photovoltaic systems. The main aim of this study is derives from its contextualisation, in other words, how to size a power plant using a renewable source, the Sun, in order to ensure lower energy bills, to diminish the exploitation of fossil resources and to reduce the environmental impacts of exploitation of these fuels. The mini photovoltaic plant, connected to the electricity grid, has approximately 250 kWp of maximum power output to be injected into the Public Service Electricity Grid (RESP). Another aim of the study is to analyse the economic feasibility of the mini power plant. The sizing was carried out using a reputable program in this field, PVsyst, following a specific methodology. This methodology comprised the following steps: determination of the site for the photovoltaic plant, analysis of the site and definition of the characteristics of the site and the project; selection of the photovoltaic modules; selection of the inverter; configuration of the system and definition of the grid connection capacity. The economic feasibility analysis was carried out using the possible remuneration scheme, which is the subsidised scheme. The results of the analysis provided important indicators that can be used to support a future decision, if the institute decided to install this system. It is concluded that a fixed system with monocrystalline photovoltaic modules and peak power of 250 kW represents a cost-effective investment, since it would be amortised over a period of time that is shorter than the operating time, the effective return being greater than the investment required.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2013 United KingdomPublisher:University of Sao Paulo Authors: dos Santos, Juliane Barbosa; Jabbour, Charbel Jose Chiappetta;handle: 1893/25889
The sun has an extremely important role in the existence of human beings, and Brazil has a privileged geographical position to explore sunlight. The union of these two factors favors the use of solar cells for converting solar energy into electricity by photovoltaic technology: it is a great alternative energy source, especially for being a clean one, causing less damage to the environment. This paper addresses the photovoltaic technology with a focus on hospitals, through case studies found in international literature, because hospitals, even running all important services to society, have a potential for pollution capable of causing damage to human health and the environment that is around them. It is estimated that the Brazilian oil reserves are sufficient for twenty-two years. This makes the search for alternative sources for power generation a necessity.
University of Stirli... arrow_drop_down University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research RepositoryArticle . 2013License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25889Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert University of Stirli... arrow_drop_down University of Stirling: Stirling Digital Research RepositoryArticle . 2013License: CC BY NCFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25889Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2015 PortugalAuthors: Clemente, Miguel Rolinho;Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra The increase of temperature on PV cells is considered one of the most critical issues that affects their efficiency, promoting degradation and cell life reduction. Therefore, thermal management is essential and must be an integral part of PV systems. In this thesis, the constructal law is explored as a design tool to develop a thermal management system for PV cells, based on single-phase forced convection. In order to cool the PV cell rectangular area, a tree-network structure has been chosen to test the constructal theory approach. Considering this, an experimental facility has been built with 3D printing. The voltage and temperature output of a PV cell has been characterized with and without thermal management. The results evidence an improvement of 32 % on the PV cell efficiency through a decrease in the temperature coefficient (∂V/∂T) of 16.5 %. Therefore, constructal design applied to cooling technology shows great potential to improve photovoltaic thermal managements. O aumento da temperatura em células fotovoltaicas é considerado um dos problemas mais críticos que afeta a sua eficiência, promovendo degradação e redução da vida útil da célula. Portanto, o controlo da temperatura é essencial e deve ser uma parte integrante dos sistemas fotovoltaicos. Esta tese explora a lei construtal para desenvolver uma instalação experimental para arrefecimento das células fotovoltaicas. De forma a arrefecer a área retangular da célula fotovoltaica, foi es- colhida uma estrutura em árvore para testar a abordagem da teoria con- strutal. Tendo isto em consideração, foi construída uma instalação ex- perimental com impressão 3D. A voltagem produzida e a temperatura da célula fotovoltaica foram caracterizados com e sem o sistema de gestão tér- mica. Os resultados evidenciam um melhoramento de 32 % na eficiência da célula através de uma redução no coeficiente de temperatura ((∂V/∂T) de 16.5 %. Portanto, o design construtal aplicado a tecnologia de arrefecimento demonstra grande potencial para melhorar a gestão térmica de sistemas fo- tovoltaicos.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2013 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa Authors: Lopes, Ricardo Jorge Cabral;Trabalho Final para obtenção do grau Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica As crises energéticas surgidas no decorrer do último século, incluindo a crise do petróleo, obrigaram o Homem a, cada vez mais, procurar fontes de energia alternativas e preferencialmente inesgotáveis. Desta situação, resultou uma forte aposta na exploração das fontes de energias renováveis, que são uma das principais alternativas para responder a um aumento de procura, e também, além disso, face às exigências de consumos actuais, a aposta numa energia limpa e renovável promove uma forte redução dos impactos ambientais associados ao seu consumo e que outras fontes de energia não apresentam. Sendo a energia solar relativamente bem distribuída pela superfície habitada da Terra, é uma das mais promissoras formas de energia renovável. Nas últimas décadas tem tido um enorme crescimento a nível mundial, com diversos programas governamentais a incentivarem a instalação destes sistemas. Este trabalho teve como principal objectivo demostrar como o efeito do sombreamento afecta o desempenho dos módulos fotovoltaicos e comparar o comportamento de dois modelos matemáticos da célula fotovoltaica. Abstract: The energetic crisis that occurred during the last century, including the oil crisis, forced Man to search for more alternative energy sources and preferably inexhaustible ones. From this situation resulted a strong bet on renewable energy sources exploration, which are one of the main alternatives to respond to the increased demand and also to meet the requirements of the current energy consumption. When betting in a clean and renewable energy we benefit from a stronger reduction in environmental impact that other energy sources do not provide. Being solar energy, relatively well distributed over the inhabited earth is one of the most promising forms of renewable energy. In the last few decades has had a huge growth worldwide, with many government programs to encourage the installation of these systems. The aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the effect of shading effects on the performance of photovoltaic modules, and compare the performance of two mathematical models of the photovoltaic cell.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2008 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão Authors: Freitas, Susana Sofia Alves;No presente trabalho é feita uma descrição e análise dos componentes principais que constituem os sistemas fotovoltaicos autónomos e ligados à rede. Foram também sistematizados os passos que, no seu conjunto, constituem uma metodologia adequada para efectuar o dimensionamento de ambos os tipos de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Com base na metodologia identificada foi desenvolvida uma aplicação computacional em linguagem Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) para a Internet, a qual foi utilizada em dois casos de estudo: Dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico autónomo e de um sistema fotovoltaico ligado à rede. In this work, the main components of photovoltaic systems both stand alone and grid connected, are described and analysed. It was also presented the sequence of the main tasks, which constitutes a methodology suitable to carry out the sizing procedure of both stand-alone and grid connected photovoltaic systems. Based on this methodology, a computational application was developed under Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) language for the Internet, which was used on two study cases: Sizing of a stand-alone photovoltaic system and grid connected photovoltaic system.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2023 PortugalAuthors: Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Manuel Farinha;Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica As recentes melhorias tecnológicas e a redução de custos nos sistemas de aproveitamento solar fotovoltaico, tornaram estes sistemas vantajosos e alvo de interesse. Diversos estudos têm sido feitos a diversas escalas e para diferentes localizações, mas são essencialmente em locais fixos. Esta dissertação estudou a viabilidade de equipar uma autocaravana com um sistema fotovoltaico de geração de energia isolado da rede, de maneira a haver uma produção independente da rede de energia elétrica. Durante a realização do estudo foi tida em conta a mudança de coordenadas do sistema, que ao contrário dos habituais sistemas fotovoltaicos, é móvel, e, portanto, a radiação para além de depender da época do ano também dependerá da localização do sistema. Para comprovar o benefício desta aplicação numa autocaravana, foram definidas duas rotas sujeitas a alterações de condições (radiação e temperatura). Uma rota sendo menos produtiva de sul ao norte da Europa, e outra que permanece a sul da Europa. Ao mesmo tempo foi estabelecido um consumo diário, que com o auxílio dos gráficos apresentados neste trabalho, que mostram a energia armazenada nas baterias, foi possível observar a variação de energia armazenada ao longo do percurso. Na rota que varia do sul a norte da Europa haverá outro estudo, que avaliará se existe vantagens em haver produção durante o percurso entre cidades. Com os resultados obtidos, pode concluir-se que esta implementação é uma opção viável, uma vez que a produção de energia elétrica conseguida com os painéis fotovoltaicos foi suficiente para colmatar os consumos considerados como referência. Na análise económica foi feito um estudo partindo do princípio de que quando a caravana não está em utilização o sistema fotovoltaico continua em utilização em um local fixo, de onde se verifica que o retorno do investimento inicial não ocorrerá. The recent technological improvement and the reduction of costs of the photovoltaic solar systems exploitation made these systems advantageous and target of interest. Many studies have been made at different scales and for different locations but are essentially made at fixed locations. This work studied the viability of equipping a motorhome with a photovoltaic energy generation system, to have production independent of the electric energy grid. During the realization of the study, the changes of the coordinate system was considered, unlike the habitual photovoltaic systems, that are movable, and therefore the radiation beyond depending on the season of the year, also will depend on the system localization. To prove the benefit of this application on a motorhome, it was defined two routes subject to alterations of conditions (radiation and temperature). One route being less productive from south to north of Europe, and another that remains in the south of Europe. At the same time, it was established a daily consumption, that with the graphs presented on this work, it was possible to observe the stored energy variation, along the way. In the route that varies from south to north of Europe there will be another study, that evaluates if there are any advantages in having production during the route between cities. With the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that this implementation is a viable option, since that with the electric energy produced achieved with the photovoltaic panels, it was enough to bridge the consumption considered as reference. In the economics analysis, it was done a study starting from the beginning that when the motorhome its not being used the photovoltaic system continues being used in a fixed local, from where is verified that the return of initial investment will not occur. N/A
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2018 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa Authors: Correia, José Rafael Louro Santos;Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica na Área de especialização de Energia O presente trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar o estudo da energia produzida por um sistema de concentração fotovoltaico CPV que utiliza módulos com células de multijunção. Estas células permitem aproveitar uma maior amplitude do espectro de radiação solar pela utilização de materiais semicondutores com diferentes larguras de banda. A utilização de lentes para a concentração da radiação solar permite ainda aumentar o fluxo de fotões que atingem a célula, utilizando para a mesma potência uma quantidade de material semicondutor muito menor. Apresenta-se um estudo comparativo entre esta tecnologia e a tecnologia convencional PV com módulos constituídos por células de silício. Conclui-se que a tecnologia CPV, apesar da utilização de células que têm o dobro da eficiência das de silício convencionais, ainda não consegue produzir mais energia por unidade de potência instalada, devido ao sistema de concentração permitir apenas a utilização da radiação direta que é 28% inferior à absorvida pelo sistema PV, no local em estudo. Sendo que as estas perdas, ainda se tem de juntar as perdas resultantes da refração da radiação nas lentes que constituem o concentrador (12-25%). The present work aims to study the energy produced by a CPV photovoltaic concentration system that uses modules with multijunction cells. These cells allow to take advantage of a greater amplitude of the solar radiation spectrum by using semiconductor materials with different bandgaps. The use of lenses for the concentration of solar radiation also allows to increase the flow of photons reaching the cell, using a much smaller amount of semiconductor material for the same power. It’s presented a comparative study between this technology and conventional PV technology with modules made of silicon cells. It is concluded that the CPV technology, despite the use of cells which have twice the efficiency of conventional silicon, still cannot produce more energy per unit of installed power, because the concentration system allows only the use of the direct radiation that is 28% lower than that absorbed by the PV system at the study site. To these losses, still must add the losses resulting from the refraction of the radiation in the lenses that constitute the concentrator (12-25%). N/A
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2019 BrazilAuthors: Camargo Francisco, Ana Carolina; De Miranda Vieira, Henrique Ewbank; Romano, Regiane Relva; Monteiro Masalskiene Roveda, Sandra Regina;handle: 11449/198322
Although it does not have a universally accepted definition, the concept of smart cities is increasingly being discussed. With the significant increase in the percentage of the population living in cities and the consequent increase in the use of resources, new city models are designed so such growth can be sustainable. Energy is one of the key resources needed by man, and new forms of energy generation must be considered. Due to the Brazilian geographic conditions, the use of photovoltaic energy seems to be an excellent option, but today it corresponds to approximately 2% of the total Brazilian energy. This work aimed to relate how the meteorological conditions influence the energy generation of photovoltaic panels to allow the creation of tools that identify regions with high potential of photovoltaic energy generation. The meteorological variables were considered as independent variables of the proposed model, which sought to explain the dependent variable Energy. The results demonstrated a potential generation of photovoltaic solar energy in several places in Brazil since the incidence of solar radiation was identified as the variable that most explains the energy generated and the country has high rates of this variable in all its extension.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis 2017 BrazilPublisher:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Authors: Daltrozo, Jenifer Godoy;Monografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Tecnologia, Curso de Especialização em Eficiência Energética Aplicada aos Processos Produtivos, EaD, RS, 2017. ; Due to the constant environmental problems caused by the use of non-renewable energies and also to the scarcity of these sources, the design and constructive energy efficiency is an exit for the reutilization of these sources. Parallel to this, the globalization and the wide competition of the hotel sector, modified the types of users. The different thoughts and cultures, new technologies and new concepts to attract customers, allied to the energy economy, have become fundamental in the design of the hotel company. As a result, this research aims to develop the analysis and design of a photovoltaic system for a hotel building in the city of Santa Maria / RS and present the quantitative data of panels to replace the existing system by photovoltaic. In addition, an analysis of the contract of demand with the local utility. Through the application of a methodology based on the use of software and equations, we reach quantitative results of panels, power generation, installed power and a simulation of the value of implantation. As well as the creation of scenarios to simulate the change in demand contracting values leading to financial savings. Thus, it is demonstrated the use of the photovoltaic system for the hotel building providing a total supply of consumption and thus making an energy efficient initiative. ; Devido aos problemas ambientais constantes causados pelo uso das energias não renováveis e também à escassez dessas fontes, a eficiência energética projetual e construtiva é uma saída para o reaproveitamento dessas fontes. Paralelo a isso, a globalização e a ampla concorrência do setor hoteleiro, modificaram os tipos de usuários. Os diferentes pensamentos e culturas, novas tecnologias e novos conceitos para atrair clientes, aliado também à economia de energia, passaram a ser fundamental na concepção da empresa ...
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2019 BrazilAuthors: Weizenmann, Yuri;handle: 10737/2726
Este trabalho objetiva identificar a viabilidade técnica e econômica para a melhor alocação de recursos entre dois projetos de geração de energia fotovoltaica definidos, baseados nas variáveis climáticas, dados das instalações a campo e tarifas de energia elétrica para a projeção dos financiamentos, sendo simulados pelo software PVSOL. A metodologia proposta resulta numa avaliação sobre qual o melhor investimento entre duas instalações de geração solar fotovoltaica distintas, sendo uma na zona rural e a outra na zona urbana, onde possuem diferentes tarifas de energia elétrica entre si. Ambas as unidades consumidoras sob análise são pertencentes ao mesmo consumidor e estão instaladas em área abrangente da mesma concessionária. Os dados para as simulações dos financiamentos foram coletados pessoalmente em três instituições bancárias, no mesmo Município onde as instalações estão alocadas. Por fim, este trabalho conclui como sendo a área urbana a melhor localização para a instalação do sistema fotovoltaico, utilizando como métrica o Payback composto. ; This research aims to identify the technical and economic feasibility for the best allocation of resources between two defined photovoltaic power generation projects, based on climate variables, data from field installations and electricity tariffs for projection of financing, being simulated by the software PVSOL. The proposed methodology results in an evaluation of what is the best investment between two different photovoltaic solar generation facilities, one in the rural area and the other in the urban area, where they have different rates of electricity between them. Both consumer units under analysis belong to the same consumer and are installed in a wide area of the energy provider. Data for financing simulations were collected personally at three bank institutions in the same city where the installations are located. Finally, this research concludes that the urban area is the best location for the installation of the photovoltaic system, using the composite Payback as a metric.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2014 PortugalPublisher:Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Authors: Sousa, Ana Rita Miranda de;Mestrado em Energias Sustentáveis No âmbito da disciplina “Dissertação/Projeto/Estágio”, do 2º ano do mestrado em Energias Sustentáveis do Instituto Superior de engenharia do Porto (ISEP) surge o presente documento, uma dissertação. Este trabalho tem como foco de estudo o dimensionamento de uma central de miniprodução fotovoltaica para o próprio instituto do ensino, ISEP, e a análise de viabilidade económica da mesma instalação. A solução pensada numa fase inicial para a instituição passava pela instalação de um sistema de autoconsumo fotovoltaico. Tendo em conta que os consumos do ISEP são muito elevados, em termos de potência, e existe uma limitação da área disponível para a colocação dos painéis fotovoltaicos, a melhor opção a adotar será a miniprodução fotovoltaica. Outro aspeto que fundamenta esta solução é o baixo consumo ou, até mesmo, a não existência de consumo nos períodos de férias escolares e fins-de-semana, que leva à falta de aproveitamento do sistema. Com o crescente aumento do consumo energético a nível mundial e a sobre-exploração dos recursos fósseis existentes surge a necessidade de procurar soluções criativas para a produção de energia. As energias renováveis aparecem como uma solução sustentável, de modo a culminar um dos maiores problemas do século. A utilização deste tipo de fontes de energia tornou-se prioritário na produção de eletricidade, pois a sua obtenção representa um menor custo e os impactes ambientais a elas associados são reduzidos. Esta alternativa também leva à diminuição da exploração dos recursos fósseis. Neste sentido, uma das soluções a adotar é a produção de energia elétrica através de sistemas fotovoltaicos. O principal objetivo desta dissertação sobrevém da contextualização apresentada, ou seja, dimensionar uma unidade de produção de energia através de uma fonte renovável, o Sol, de modo a diminuir a fatura energética, diminuir a exploração de recursos fósseis e diminuir os impactes ambientais adversos da exploração dos mesmos recursos. A central de miniprodução fotovoltaica, com ligação à rede elétrica, apresenta cerca de 250kWp de potência máxima a injetar na Rede Elétrica de Serviço Público (RESP). Outro objetivo é a realização da análise da viabilidade económica da unidade de produção de energia. O dimensionamento foi realizado com recurso a um programa conceituado na área, o PVsyst, respeitando uma certa metodologia. Essa metodologia compreende as etapas seguintes: determinação do local de instalação da central fotovoltaica, análise do mesmo e definição das características do local e do projeto; seleção dos módulos fotovoltaicos; seleção do inversor; configuração do sistema e definição da potência de ligação à rede. A análise de viabilidade económica foi efetuada recorrendo ao regime remuneratório possível, o regime bonificado. Os resultados obtidos da análise realizada forneceram indicadores importantes que servirão de apoio a uma futura decisão, caso o instituto opte pela instalação deste sistema. Conclui-se então que um sistema fixo com módulos fotovoltaicos do tipo monocristalino e com uma potência de pico de 250kW representa um investimento rentável, pois o investimento é amortizado num período de tempo inferior ao tempo de exploração, sendo a remuneração efetiva superior à exigida. The following dissertation is submitted for the 2nd year of the MA in Sustainable Energies at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). This study focuses on the sizing of a mini photovoltaic plant for the ISEP itself and also presents an economic feasibility analysis for the plant. The solution designed at an early stage for the institution was the implementation of a self-consumption photovoltaic system. Later, it was decided to implement a mini photovoltaic plant, this because the ISEP consumption is very high, in terms of power, and there is a limitation of the area available for placement of photovoltaic panels. Another aspect that supports this solution is the low-power or even the absence of consumption during school holidays and weekends, which leads to lack of system utilization. With the increase in energy consumption worldwide and the overexploitation of existing fossil resources, there is a need to seek creative solutions for energy production. Renewable energies are a sustainable solution for one of the major problems of this century. The use of this type of energy source has become a priority in the production of electricity, since costs are lower and associated environmental impacts are reduced. This alternative also leads to a reduction in the exploitation of fossil fuels. For this reason, one of the solutions to be adopted is electricity production using photovoltaic systems. The main aim of this study is derives from its contextualisation, in other words, how to size a power plant using a renewable source, the Sun, in order to ensure lower energy bills, to diminish the exploitation of fossil resources and to reduce the environmental impacts of exploitation of these fuels. The mini photovoltaic plant, connected to the electricity grid, has approximately 250 kWp of maximum power output to be injected into the Public Service Electricity Grid (RESP). Another aim of the study is to analyse the economic feasibility of the mini power plant. The sizing was carried out using a reputable program in this field, PVsyst, following a specific methodology. This methodology comprised the following steps: determination of the site for the photovoltaic plant, analysis of the site and definition of the characteristics of the site and the project; selection of the photovoltaic modules; selection of the inverter; configuration of the system and definition of the grid connection capacity. The economic feasibility analysis was carried out using the possible remuneration scheme, which is the subsidised scheme. The results of the analysis provided important indicators that can be used to support a future decision, if the institute decided to install this system. It is concluded that a fixed system with monocrystalline photovoltaic modules and peak power of 250 kW represents a cost-effective investment, since it would be amortised over a period of time that is shorter than the operating time, the effective return being greater than the investment required.
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