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The present investigation addressed the entropy generation, fluid flow, and heat transfer regarding Cu-Al 2 O 3 -water hybrid nanofluids into a complex shape enclosure containing a hot-half partition were addressed. The sidewalls of the enclosure are made of wavy walls including cold isothermal temperature while the upper and lower surfaces remain insulated. The governing equations toward conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were introduced into the form of partial differential equations. The second law of thermodynamic was written for the friction and thermal entropy productions as a function of velocity and temperatures. The governing equations occurred molded into a non-dimensional pattern and explained through the finite element method. Outcomes were investigated for Cu-water, Al 2 O 3 -water, and Cu-Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids to address the effect of using composite nanoparticles toward the flow and temperature patterns and entropy generation. Findings show that using hybrid nanofluid improves the Nusselt number compared to simple nanofluids. In the case of low Rayleigh numbers, such enhancement is more evident. Changing the geometrical aspects of the cavity induces different effects toward the entropy generation and Bejan number. Generally, the global entropy generation for Cu-Al 2 O 3 -water hybrid nanofluid takes places between the entropy generation values regarding Cu-water and Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids.

The present investigation addressed the entropy generation, fluid flow, and heat transfer regarding Cu-Al 2 O 3 -water hybrid nanofluids into a complex shape enclosure containing a hot-half partition were addressed. The sidewalls of the enclosure are made of wavy walls including cold isothermal temperature while the upper and lower surfaces remain insulated. The governing equations toward conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were introduced into the form of partial differential equations. The second law of thermodynamic was written for the friction and thermal entropy productions as a function of velocity and temperatures. The governing equations occurred molded into a non-dimensional pattern and explained through the finite element method. Outcomes were investigated for Cu-water, Al 2 O 3 -water, and Cu-Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids to address the effect of using composite nanoparticles toward the flow and temperature patterns and entropy generation. Findings show that using hybrid nanofluid improves the Nusselt number compared to simple nanofluids. In the case of low Rayleigh numbers, such enhancement is more evident. Changing the geometrical aspects of the cavity induces different effects toward the entropy generation and Bejan number. Generally, the global entropy generation for Cu-Al 2 O 3 -water hybrid nanofluid takes places between the entropy generation values regarding Cu-water and Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids.

This study examines the peristaltic flow of Jeffrey nanofluid in a curved channel. The governing equations of Jeffrey nanofluid model for curved channel are derived including the effects of curvature. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified by using the long wave length and low Reynolds number assumptions. The reduced nonlinear partial differential equations are solved analytically with the help of homotopy perturbation method. The expression for pressure rise is computed through numerical integration. The physical features of pertinent parameters have been discussed by plotting the graphs of pressure rise, velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and stream functions. It is observed that the curve-ness of the channel decreases the pressure rise in the peristaltic pumping region. Moreover, curve-ness of the channel effects the fluid flow by decreasing the fluid velocity near inner wall and increasing the velocity near the outer wall of the channel.

This study examines the peristaltic flow of Jeffrey nanofluid in a curved channel. The governing equations of Jeffrey nanofluid model for curved channel are derived including the effects of curvature. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations are simplified by using the long wave length and low Reynolds number assumptions. The reduced nonlinear partial differential equations are solved analytically with the help of homotopy perturbation method. The expression for pressure rise is computed through numerical integration. The physical features of pertinent parameters have been discussed by plotting the graphs of pressure rise, velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and stream functions. It is observed that the curve-ness of the channel decreases the pressure rise in the peristaltic pumping region. Moreover, curve-ness of the channel effects the fluid flow by decreasing the fluid velocity near inner wall and increasing the velocity near the outer wall of the channel.