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The articlw addresses an important challenge ahead the integration of the electricity generated by wave energy conversion technologies into the electric grid. Particularly, it looks into the role of wave energy within the day-ahead electricity market. For that the predictability of the theoretical power outputs of three wave energy technologies in the Danish North Sea are examined. The simultaneous and co-located forecast and buoy-measured wave parameters at Hanstholm, Denmark, during a non-consecutive autumn and winter 3-month period form the basis of the investigation.The objective of the study is to provide an indication on the accuracy of the forecast of i) wave parameters, ii) the normalised theoretical power productions from each of the selected technologies (Pelamis, Wave Dragon and Wavestar), and iii) the normalised theoretical power production of a combination of the three devices, during a very energetic time period.Results show that for the 12 to 36 hours time horizon forecast, the accuracy in the predictions (in terms of scatter index) of the significant wave height, zero crossing period and wave power are 22%, 11% and 68%, respectively; and the accuracy in the predictions of the normalised theoretical power outputs of Pelamis, Wave Dragon and Wavestar are 44%, 52% and 62%, respectively. The best compromise between forecast accuracy and mean power production results when considering the combined production of the three devices.

The small scale biomass combustion devices are responsible for fine aerosol emissions. The particles size distribution and particles number and mass concentrations in the exhaust gas from small scale wood combustion devices were investigated. The control of fine particle emissions was done by novel electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The ESP operates on the principle of particle charging in the negative corona discharge and further particle collection under the influence of aerosol space charge in the special designed grounded collector. The electrostatic precipitator is equipped with automatic system for collector cleaning from precipitated particles. During “steady­flame” combustion of wood­logs and wood­pellets, particle size distribution in the exhaust gas is mono­modal. The particle mean diameter and consequently particle mass concentration in the exhaust gas from wood­pellets combustion is lower than from wood­logs combustion. The use of novel ESP decreases particle emissions from biomass combustion devices. The fractional collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator achieves values of 90% and the mass collection efficiency is 87±3% recalculated to 13% Vol. of O2. A single­field pilot ESP was also tested with combustion of grains, mixed­and straw­pellets showing effective gas cleaning. Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 May 2010, Lyon, France, pp. 1208-1218

A novel method of converting lignin and lignin-rich residues by hydro-deoxygenation in a formic acid/alcohol reaction medium has been further investigated in terms of fuel properties. Results from upscaling from 5 mL lab scale reactors to a 1 L reactor show positive results in terms of gas composition and transferability to a larger scale. Minor changes in the molecular weight distribution are found in ESI-MS spectra of the products from the two reactors, but the major products are in both cases within the boiling point range of gasoline and diesel. Fuel quality parameters also show positive results relative to motor fuel use. Alternatively, the phenols derived from the lignin structures could be separated out for usage as bulk chemicals. Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 May 2010, Lyon, France, pp. 10-13