• Energy Research
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The hybrid system is analyzed and optimized to produce electric energy in Non-Interconnected Zones in the Colombian Caribbean region, contributing both to the improvement in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and to the rational use of energy. A comparative analysis of the performance of these systems was carried using a dynamic model in real wind and solar data. The model is integrated by a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine. AIR 403, a proton exchange fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyze, a solar panel and a charge regulator based on PID controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flows in the cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power were obtained for the demand of 200 W for changes in solar radiation and wind speed for all days of the year 2013 in the Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso Lopez airport and Simon Bolívar airport, by regulating the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into the fuel cell. The maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simon Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158,358W (9.45%). A multi-objective design optimization under a Pareto front is presented for each place studied to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy and CO2 emission, where the objective variables are the number of panel and stack in the PV system and PEM.  

{"references": ["S. Throp, \"Climate change challenges and opportunities. Special issue. CTA Spore, 2015.", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) Climate change: The Physical Science Basis (summary for policy), IPCC, and Geneva. 2007.", "A.M. Atolagbe, \"Architecture in Nigeria and the Practice for Sustainable Development: A Comparative education\" Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF. 2002.", "D.M. Ranasingbe, Forestry Education and Global Change. A case study on the contribution of Forest study of Modern and Indigenous housing strategy. AARCHES Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 61 - 65. 2008.", "C. U. Nwajiuba, and R.U Onyeneke, Effects of climate change on the agriculture of sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Southeast Rainforest zone of Nigeria. Paper presented at the 10th Global Conference on Business and Economics, St Hugh's College University Press. 2010.", "M. Yesuf, S. Difalce; T. Deressa; C. Ringler and G.Kohlin, The impact of climate and Adaptation on food Production in low income countries; Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia. International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion (IFPRI) Paper No. 00828. Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI, Washington D.C. 2008.", "L. Grace, Sustainable Agriculture: the basic. www.gracelinks.org 2016 Accessed on 20/09/2016.", "I.U Nwaiwu, et al., The effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Sustainability in Southeast Nigeria \u2013 Implications \tfor Food \tSecurity. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economic and Sociology, vol. 3. No 1, 23-26 2013.", "Nigerian Environmental Study and Action team (NEST). Triggering Rural-Urban Interactions to Cope with Climate\t Change: An adaptation Experiment in Aba and its Region, southeastern Nigeria, NEST, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012.\n[10]\tR. Mendelsohn, Measuring the effect of climate change on Developing country Agriculture: Two Essays on climate change on Agriculture FAO Corporate DocumentRepository, www.fao.org/docrep 2000. Accessed on 16/08/2016.\n[11]\tW. Akpalu, R.M. Hassan and C.Ringler. Climate Variability and Maize Yeild in South Africa:Results from GME (generalized maximum entropy) and MELE (maximum entropy leuven estimator) methods. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper No. 00843, Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI, Washinton D.C.\n[12]\tR.U.Onyeneke, Climate change and Crop farmers Adaptation measures in the Southeast Rainforest zone of Nigeria (unpublished) MSC Thesis. 2010.\n[13]\tS. Anderson, Climate change impacts on the progress towards and the sustainability of MDG achievement across Africa\". Report to the Africa Partnerships Forum, 2010.\n[14]\tJ.O. Munonye and C.S. Nwosu, Agricultural sustainability and\tEnvironmental Quality. Conference on International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 08(04): 57 -65. 2015.\n[15]\tB, Ronald, Farm Productive Practices http://www.farm.org/features/002/roland-bunch Accessed on 17/06/2016."]} Climate change has both negative and positive effects in agricultural production. For agriculture to be sustainable in adverse climate change condition, some natural measures are needed. The issue is to produce more food with available natural resources and reduce the contribution of agriculture to climate change. The study reviewed climate change and sustainable agriculture in southeast Nigeria. Data from the study were from secondary sources. Ten scientific papers were consulted and data for the review were collected from three. The objectives of the paper were as follows: to review the effect of climate change on one major arable crop in southeast Nigeria (yam; Dioscorea rotundata); evident of climate change impact and methods for sustainable agricultural production in adverse weather condition. Some climatic parameter as sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall have negative relationship with yam production and significant at 10% probability. Crop production was predicted to decline by 25% per hectare by 2060 while livestock production has increased the incidence of diseases and pathogens as the major effect to agriculture. Methods for sustainable agriculture and damage of natural resources by climate change were highlighted. Agriculture needs to be transformed as climate changes to enable the sector to be sustainable. There should be a policy in place to facilitate the integration of sustainability in Nigeria agriculture.

The monitoring of a waste separation process in the nuclear power industry is considered. Recent advances in gamma ray emission and electrical impedance tomography mean that it is now feasible to unite these two modalities into a novel dual-modality monitoring method. This paper considers a simple model problem for the identification of a boundary between two distinct waste streams in a semi-continuous rotation separator. The simplicity of the problem affords the opportunity to demonstrate the general feasibility of the approach whilst avoiding unnecessary complications.

This article highlights the impact of innovation on achieving environmental sustainability of regional economic systems in the context of effective man-agement of significantly limited natural resources in modern Ukraine, which was the subject of the study, its key objective and main task. Methodology. The proposed work uses systemic and synergetic approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, historical and comparative analysis, etc. Value/originality. Consideration of the issues of regional innova-tion and environmental sustainability of regional economic systems in their combination is a novelty in modern studies of ecological-economic processes. It is exhaustively taken into account that innovation is a complex process of transformation of newly obtained ideas and goals into an actual object of eco-nomic relations. At the same time, it was found that in the conditions of trans-formation of the modern Ukrainian economy began to manifest such features as frequent and unpredictable changes in demand due to the emergence of completely new needs, which can be satisfied only by qualitatively new, pre-dominantly knowledge-intensive products. Therefore, there is an urgent need to restructure regional economies on a fundamentally new basis, which provides a real opportunity to reproduce the existing innovation potential, improve the innovation and technological level of all spheres of economic activity in the re-gion and achieve a much higher degree of competitiveness. At the same time, given the significant role of innovation processes in improving and ensuring the proper environmental sustainability of regional eco-nomic systems, the def-inition of appropriate tasks, taking into account their characteristics, is a pre-requisite for the effective management of natural resources of the country as a whole and its regions. Therefore, in European practice, the European Innova-tion Scoreboard (EIS), calculated by Eurostat, is used to determine the achieved level of regional innovation development. At the same time, the methodology used in its basis to assess the effectiveness of national research innovative projects is not without criticism. And one of the main criticisms was the absence of a conceptual or theoretical model of innovation. Simultane-ously, this paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to determining the effectiveness of innovation in the hierarchical-regional dimension, which is based on the use of appropriate tools of multidimensional statistical analysis and statistics of the European Union (in particular, Eurostat) and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. In addition, synchronously with their standardi-zation, based on the obtained values of innovation levels in the regions, matri-ces were formed separately for incoming and outgoing regional innovation in-dices. Result. The achieved levels of innovativeness of Ukrainian regions in the context of ensuring appropriate environmental sustainability of their economic systems in the management of significantly limited natural resources were de-termined. Practical implications. Another real opportunity has arisen to signif-icantly improve the management of the available natural resources of each re-gion and the state as a whole in terms of ensuring the proper environmental sustainability of regional economic systems.

A refined version of the Fundamenksi-Moulton 'free-streaming' model (FSM) for the dynamics of divertor density, particle flux, and heat flux during edge localized modes (ELMs) is presented. This model depends only on inter-ELM pedestal and divertor conditions and, crucially, incorporates particle recycling: a FSM with recycling model, FSRM. The effective particle recycling coefficient, Reff, is the only empirical fitting parameter in the FSRM. The predictions of the FSRM are systematically tested against a DIII-D database of ELM ion and energy fluence measurements and are shown to be consistent with the model across a wide range of pedestal and divertor conditions using a constant value of 0.96 for Reff . Predictions for W sputtering during ELMs are developed based on the FSRM. It is concluded that energetic free-streaming D+ ions and C6+ impurities are the dominant contributors to the intra-ELM gross erosion of W in the DIII-D divertor, i.e., recycling ions and impurities have relatively little impact on the total W sputtering rate. These calculations are also shown to be consistent with spectroscopic measurements of W gross erosion for three different pedestal conditions after incorporating the strong electron density dependence of the WI 400.8 nm ionizations/photon (S/XB) coefficient. Keywords: Tungsten sputtering, Tungsten Erosion, WI spectroscopy, Edge Localized Modes, Recycling

Abstract The Serpens Molecular Cloud is one of the most active star-forming regions within 500 pc, with over 1000 young stellar objects (YSOs) at different evolutionary stages. The ages of the member stars inform us about the star formation history of the cloud. In this paper, we develop a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting method for nearby evolved (diskless) young stars from members of the Pleiades to estimate their ages, with a temperature scale adopted from APOGEE spectra. When compared with literature temperatures of selected YSOs in Orion, the SED fits to cool (<5000 K) stars have temperatures that differ by an average of ≲50 K and have a scatter of ∼210 K for both disk-hosting and diskless stars. We then apply this method to YSOs in the Serpens Molecular Cloud to estimate ages of optical members previously identified from Gaia DR2 astrometry data. The optical members in Serpens are concentrated in different subgroups with ages from ∼4 to ∼22 Myr; the youngest clusters, W40 and Serpens South, are dusty regions that lack enough optical members to be included in this analysis. These ages establish that the Serpens Molecular Cloud has been forming stars for much longer than has been inferred from infrared surveys.

The configuration of a biologically fertile substrate for edible plant growth during long-term manned missions to Mars constitutes one of the main challenges in space research. Mars regolith amendment with compost derived from crew and crop waste in bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) may generate a substrate able to extend crew autonomy and long-term survival in space. In this context, the aim of our work was threefold: first, to study the geochemistry and mineralogy of Mojave Mars Simulant (MMS-1) and the physico-chemical and hydraulic properties of mixtures obtained by mixing MMS-1 and green compost at varying rates (0:100, 30:70, 70:30, 100:0; v:v); secondly, to evaluate the potential use of MMS-1 as a growing medium of two lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars; thirdly, to assess how compost addition may impact on sustainability of space agriculture by exploiting in situ resources. MMS-1 is a coarse-textured alkaline substrate consisting mostly of plagioclase, amorphous material and secondarily of zeolite, hematite and smectites. Although it can be a source of nutrients, it lacks organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur, which may be supplied by compost. Both cultivars grew well on all mixtures for 19 days under fertigation. Red Salanova lettuce produced a statistically higher dry biomass, leaf number and area than Green Salanova. Leaf area and plant dry biomass were the highest on 30:70 simulant:compost mixture. Nevertheless, the 70:30 mixture was the best substrate in terms of pore-size distribution for water-plant relationship and the best compromise for plant growth and sustainable use of compost, a limited resource in BLSS. Many remaining issues warrant further investigation concerning the dynamics of compost production, standardisation of supply during space missions and representativeness of simulants to real Mars regolith.

This study addresses the consequences of thermal radiation with slip boundary conditions and a uniform magnetic field on a steady 2D flow of trihybrid nanofluids over a spinning disc. The trihybrid nanocomposites are synthesized by the dispersion of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water. The phenomena are characterized as a nonlinear system of PDEs. Using resemblance replacement, the modeled equations are simplified to a nondimensional set of ODEs. The parametric continuation method has been used to simulate the resulting sets of nonlinear differential equations. Figures and tables depict the effects of physical constraints on energy and velocity profiles. According to this study, the slip coefficient enormously decreases the velocity field. For larger approximations of thermal radiation characteristics and heat source term boosts the thermal profile. This proposed model will assist in the field of meteorology, atmospheric studies, biological technology, power generation, automotive manufacturing, renewable power conversions, and detecting microchips. In regard to such kinds of practical applications, the proposed study is being conducted. This study is unique due to slip conditions and ternary fluid, and it could be used by other scholars to acquire further information about nanofluid thermal exchanger performance and stability.