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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dieter Gerten; Dieter Gerten; Sibyll Schaphoff; Wolfgang Lucht; +7 Authors

    Alors que les frontières planétaires se rapprochent rapidement, l'humanité a peu de place pour une expansion supplémentaire et une intensification conventionnelle de l'agriculture, tandis qu'une population mondiale croissante élargit encore le fossé alimentaire. Il existe de nombreuses preuves qu'une meilleure gestion de l'eau à la ferme peut réduire considérablement les écarts de rendement liés à l'eau, mais son importance mondiale reste incertaine. Dans cette étude de modélisation, nous étudions systématiquement dans quelle mesure la gestion intégrée de l'eau des cultures pourrait contribuer à combler le déficit alimentaire mondial, limitée par l'hypothèse que la pression sur les ressources en eau et les terres n'augmente pas. À l'aide d'un modèle bio-/agrosphère basé sur les processus, nous simulons le potentiel d'augmentation du rendement de la productivité élevée de l'eau d'irrigation (y compris l'expansion de l'irrigation avec de l'eau ainsi économisée) et l'utilisation optimisée de l'eau de précipitation in situ (évaporation allégée du sol, infiltration améliorée, récupération de l'eau pour l'irrigation supplémentaire) sous le climat actuel et futur projeté (à partir de 20 modèles climatiques, avec et sans effets bénéfiques sur le CO2). Les résultats montrent que les améliorations de l'efficacité de l'irrigation peuvent économiser des quantités substantielles d'eau dans de nombreux bassins fluviaux (à l'échelle mondiale, 48 % de la consommation d'eau non productive dans un scénario « ambitieux ») et, si elles sont réacheminées pour irriguer les systèmes pluviaux voisins, peuvent augmenter considérablement la production de kcal (augmentation globale de 26 %). Les solutions de faible technologie pour les petits agriculteurs sur des terres agricoles limitées en eau montrent le potentiel d'augmenter les rendements pluviaux dans la même mesure. En combinaison, les stratégies de gestion intégrée de l'eau ambitieuses mais réalisables explorées dans cette étude pourraient augmenter la production mondiale de 41 % et combler l'écart de rendement lié à l'eau de 62 %. Le changement climatique sans relâche aura des effets négatifs sur les rendements des cultures dans de nombreuses régions, mais les améliorations de la gestion de l'eau analysées ici peuvent atténuer ces effets dans une large mesure. A medida que se acercan rápidamente los límites planetarios, la humanidad tiene poco espacio para una expansión adicional y una intensificación convencional de la agricultura, mientras que una población mundial en crecimiento extiende aún más la brecha alimentaria. Existe amplia evidencia de que una mejor gestión del agua en la granja puede cerrar las brechas de rendimiento relacionadas con el agua en un grado considerable, pero su importancia global sigue sin estar clara. En este estudio de modelado investigamos sistemáticamente en qué medida la gestión integrada del agua de los cultivos podría contribuir a cerrar la brecha alimentaria mundial, limitada por el supuesto de que la presión sobre los recursos hídricos y la tierra no aumenta. Utilizando un modelo de bio/agrosfera basado en procesos, simulamos el potencial de aumento del rendimiento de la productividad elevada del agua de riego (incluida la expansión del riego con el agua ahorrada) y el uso optimizado del agua de precipitación in situ (evaporación del suelo aliviada, infiltración mejorada, recolección de agua para riego suplementario) bajo el clima actual y futuro proyectado (de 20 modelos climáticos, con y sin efectos beneficiosos de CO2). Los resultados muestran que las mejoras en la eficiencia del riego pueden ahorrar cantidades sustanciales de agua en muchas cuencas fluviales (a nivel mundial, el 48% del consumo de agua no productiva en un escenario "ambicioso") y, si se redirigen para regar los sistemas de secano vecinos, pueden aumentar significativamente la producción de kcal (aumento global del 26%). Las soluciones de baja tecnología para pequeños agricultores en tierras de cultivo con agua limitada muestran el potencial de aumentar los rendimientos de secano en una medida similar. En combinación, las ambiciosas pero alcanzables estrategias de gestión integrada del agua exploradas en este estudio podrían aumentar la producción mundial en un 41% y cerrar la brecha de rendimiento relacionada con el agua en un 62%. El cambio climático sin cesar tendrá efectos adversos en los rendimientos de los cultivos en muchas regiones, pero las mejoras en la gestión del agua, como se analiza aquí, pueden amortiguar dichos efectos en un grado significativo. As planetary boundaries are rapidly being approached, humanity has little room for additional expansion and conventional intensification of agriculture, while a growing world population further spreads the food gap. Ample evidence exists that improved on-farm water management can close water-related yield gaps to a considerable degree, but its global significance remains unclear. In this modeling study we investigate systematically to what extent integrated crop water management might contribute to closing the global food gap, constrained by the assumption that pressure on water resources and land does not increase. Using a process-based bio-/agrosphere model, we simulate the yield-increasing potential of elevated irrigation water productivity (including irrigation expansion with thus saved water) and optimized use of in situ precipitation water (alleviated soil evaporation, enhanced infiltration, water harvesting for supplemental irrigation) under current and projected future climate (from 20 climate models, with and without beneficial CO2 effects). Results show that irrigation efficiency improvements can save substantial amounts of water in many river basins (globally 48% of non-productive water consumption in an 'ambitious' scenario), and if rerouted to irrigate neighboring rainfed systems, can boost kcal production significantly (26% global increase). Low-tech solutions for small-scale farmers on water-limited croplands show the potential to increase rainfed yields to a similar extent. In combination, the ambitious yet achievable integrated water management strategies explored in this study could increase global production by 41% and close the water-related yield gap by 62%. Unabated climate change will have adverse effects on crop yields in many regions, but improvements in water management as analyzed here can buffer such effects to a significant degree. مع الاقتراب السريع من حدود الكوكب، ليس لدى البشرية مجال كبير للتوسع الإضافي والتكثيف التقليدي للزراعة، في حين أن تزايد عدد سكان العالم يزيد من انتشار الفجوة الغذائية. توجد أدلة وافرة على أن تحسين إدارة المياه في المزارع يمكن أن يسد فجوات الغلة المتعلقة بالمياه إلى حد كبير، لكن أهميتها العالمية لا تزال غير واضحة. في دراسة النمذجة هذه، نبحث بشكل منهجي في مدى مساهمة الإدارة المتكاملة لمياه المحاصيل في سد الفجوة الغذائية العالمية، مقيدة بافتراض أن الضغط على الموارد المائية والأراضي لا يزداد. باستخدام نموذج بيولوجي/زراعي قائم على العمليات، نقوم بمحاكاة إمكانات زيادة الغلة لإنتاجية مياه الري المرتفعة (بما في ذلك توسيع الري بالمياه الموفرة) والاستخدام الأمثل لمياه الأمطار في الموقع (تبخر التربة المخفف، والترشيح المعزز، وجمع المياه للري التكميلي) في ظل المناخ الحالي والمستقبلي المتوقع (من 20 نموذجًا مناخيًا، مع وبدون تأثيرات مفيدة لثاني أكسيد الكربون). تظهر النتائج أن تحسينات كفاءة الري يمكن أن توفر كميات كبيرة من المياه في العديد من أحواض الأنهار (على مستوى العالم 48 ٪ من استهلاك المياه غير المنتجة في سيناريو "طموح ")، وإذا تم إعادة توجيهها لري الأنظمة البعلية المجاورة، يمكن أن تعزز إنتاج السعرات الحرارية بشكل كبير (زيادة عالمية بنسبة 26 ٪). تُظهر الحلول منخفضة التقنية لصغار المزارعين في الأراضي الزراعية محدودة المياه إمكانية زيادة المحاصيل البعلية إلى حد مماثل. مجتمعة، يمكن لاستراتيجيات الإدارة المتكاملة للمياه الطموحة والقابلة للتحقيق التي تم استكشافها في هذه الدراسة أن تزيد الإنتاج العالمي بنسبة 41 ٪ وتغلق فجوة العائد المتعلقة بالمياه بنسبة 62 ٪. سيكون لتغير المناخ المستمر آثار ضارة على غلة المحاصيل في العديد من المناطق، ولكن التحسينات في إدارة المياه كما تم تحليلها هنا يمكن أن تخفف هذه الآثار إلى حد كبير.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Environmental Research Letters
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2016
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yt...
    Other literature type . 2016
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    Article . 2016
    License: CC BY
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/p7...
    Other literature type . 2016
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2016
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yt...
      Other literature type . 2016
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/31...
      Article . 2016
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/p7...
      Other literature type . 2016
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Karim C. Abbaspour; Hong Yang; Alexander J.B. Zehnder; Johan Rockström; +3 Authors

    Food security and water scarcity have become two major concerns for future human's sustainable development, particularly in the context of climate change. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts on the production and water use of major cereal crops on a global scale with a spatial resolution of 30 arc-minutes for the 2030s (short term) and the 2090s (long term), respectively. Our findings show that impact uncertainties are higher on larger spatial scales (e.g., global and continental) but lower on smaller spatial scales (e.g., national and grid cell). Such patterns allow decision makers and investors to take adaptive measures without being puzzled by a highly uncertain future at the global level. Short-term gains in crop production from climate change are projected for many regions, particularly in African countries, but the gains will mostly vanish and turn to losses in the long run. Irrigation dependence in crop production is projected to increase in general. However, several water poor regions will rely less heavily on irrigation, conducive to alleviating regional water scarcity. The heterogeneity of spatial patterns and the non-linearity of temporal changes of the impacts call for site-specific adaptive measures with perspectives of reducing short- and long-term risks of future food and water security. PLoS ONE, 8 (2) ISSN:1932-6203

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DR-NTU (Digital Repo...arrow_drop_down
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    PLoS ONE
    Article . 2013
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    Article . 2013
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      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2013
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      Research Collection
      Article . 2013
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      Article . 2013
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Owen Gaffney; Owen Gaffney; Malte Meinshausen; Malte Meinshausen; +6 Authors

    Emissions inevitably approach zero with a “carbon law”

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    Science
    Article . 2017
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Per Espen Stoknes; Johan Rockström;

    Abstract Over the last decade, green growth policies have drawn increasing interest. OECD, UNEP, the World Bank and the EC have had several initiatives on the issue, and the Nordic countries have a special program on it. Definitions and indicator sets have been developed, though critics have pointed out that most initiatives amount to little more than a greenwashing of conventional economic growth. The paper proposes and discusses two definitions of green growth, one weak and one strong. Both build on resource- and carbon productivity measures, but whereas the weak definition requires absolute decoupling, the strong or “genuine green growth” requires sufficient decoupling to achieve science based targets for planetary boundaries. The approach is tested at country levels, starting with the climate boundary, by analyzing progress on carbon productivity (“CAPRO”) in Nordic countries since 2000. Results show that so far, among Nordic countries, Sweden, Finland and Denmark have achieved genuine green growth, while Norway has not. Implications for policy and communication of green growth are discussed.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Research & So...arrow_drop_down
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    Energy Research & Social Science
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy Research & Social Science
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ingo Fetzer; Fernando Jaramillo; Fernando Jaramillo; Johan Rockström; +2 Authors

    AbstractProjections of global warming in Africa are generally associated with increasing aridity and decreasing water availability. However, most freshwater assessments focus on single hydroclimatic indicators (e.g., runoff, precipitation, or aridity), lacking analysis on combined changes in evaporative demand, and water availability on land. There remains a high degree of uncertainty over water implications at the basin scale, in particular for the most water‐consuming sector—food production. Using the Budyko framework, we perform an assessment of future hydroclimatic change for the 50 largest African basins, finding a consistent pattern of change in four distinct regions across the two main emission scenarios corresponding to the Paris Agreement, and the business as usual. Although the Paris Agreement is likely to lead to less intense changes when compared to the business as usual, both scenarios show the same pattern of hydroclimatic shifts, suggesting a potential roadmap for hydroclimatic adaptation. We discuss the social‐ecological implications of the projected hydroclimatic shifts in the four regions and argue that climate policies need to be complemented by soil and water conservation practices to make the best use of future water resources.

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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Earth's Future
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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dieter Gerten; Dieter Gerten; Sibyll Schaphoff; Wolfgang Lucht; +7 Authors

    Alors que les frontières planétaires se rapprochent rapidement, l'humanité a peu de place pour une expansion supplémentaire et une intensification conventionnelle de l'agriculture, tandis qu'une population mondiale croissante élargit encore le fossé alimentaire. Il existe de nombreuses preuves qu'une meilleure gestion de l'eau à la ferme peut réduire considérablement les écarts de rendement liés à l'eau, mais son importance mondiale reste incertaine. Dans cette étude de modélisation, nous étudions systématiquement dans quelle mesure la gestion intégrée de l'eau des cultures pourrait contribuer à combler le déficit alimentaire mondial, limitée par l'hypothèse que la pression sur les ressources en eau et les terres n'augmente pas. À l'aide d'un modèle bio-/agrosphère basé sur les processus, nous simulons le potentiel d'augmentation du rendement de la productivité élevée de l'eau d'irrigation (y compris l'expansion de l'irrigation avec de l'eau ainsi économisée) et l'utilisation optimisée de l'eau de précipitation in situ (évaporation allégée du sol, infiltration améliorée, récupération de l'eau pour l'irrigation supplémentaire) sous le climat actuel et futur projeté (à partir de 20 modèles climatiques, avec et sans effets bénéfiques sur le CO2). Les résultats montrent que les améliorations de l'efficacité de l'irrigation peuvent économiser des quantités substantielles d'eau dans de nombreux bassins fluviaux (à l'échelle mondiale, 48 % de la consommation d'eau non productive dans un scénario « ambitieux ») et, si elles sont réacheminées pour irriguer les systèmes pluviaux voisins, peuvent augmenter considérablement la production de kcal (augmentation globale de 26 %). Les solutions de faible technologie pour les petits agriculteurs sur des terres agricoles limitées en eau montrent le potentiel d'augmenter les rendements pluviaux dans la même mesure. En combinaison, les stratégies de gestion intégrée de l'eau ambitieuses mais réalisables explorées dans cette étude pourraient augmenter la production mondiale de 41 % et combler l'écart de rendement lié à l'eau de 62 %. Le changement climatique sans relâche aura des effets négatifs sur les rendements des cultures dans de nombreuses régions, mais les améliorations de la gestion de l'eau analysées ici peuvent atténuer ces effets dans une large mesure. A medida que se acercan rápidamente los límites planetarios, la humanidad tiene poco espacio para una expansión adicional y una intensificación convencional de la agricultura, mientras que una población mundial en crecimiento extiende aún más la brecha alimentaria. Existe amplia evidencia de que una mejor gestión del agua en la granja puede cerrar las brechas de rendimiento relacionadas con el agua en un grado considerable, pero su importancia global sigue sin estar clara. En este estudio de modelado investigamos sistemáticamente en qué medida la gestión integrada del agua de los cultivos podría contribuir a cerrar la brecha alimentaria mundial, limitada por el supuesto de que la presión sobre los recursos hídricos y la tierra no aumenta. Utilizando un modelo de bio/agrosfera basado en procesos, simulamos el potencial de aumento del rendimiento de la productividad elevada del agua de riego (incluida la expansión del riego con el agua ahorrada) y el uso optimizado del agua de precipitación in situ (evaporación del suelo aliviada, infiltración mejorada, recolección de agua para riego suplementario) bajo el clima actual y futuro proyectado (de 20 modelos climáticos, con y sin efectos beneficiosos de CO2). Los resultados muestran que las mejoras en la eficiencia del riego pueden ahorrar cantidades sustanciales de agua en muchas cuencas fluviales (a nivel mundial, el 48% del consumo de agua no productiva en un escenario "ambicioso") y, si se redirigen para regar los sistemas de secano vecinos, pueden aumentar significativamente la producción de kcal (aumento global del 26%). Las soluciones de baja tecnología para pequeños agricultores en tierras de cultivo con agua limitada muestran el potencial de aumentar los rendimientos de secano en una medida similar. En combinación, las ambiciosas pero alcanzables estrategias de gestión integrada del agua exploradas en este estudio podrían aumentar la producción mundial en un 41% y cerrar la brecha de rendimiento relacionada con el agua en un 62%. El cambio climático sin cesar tendrá efectos adversos en los rendimientos de los cultivos en muchas regiones, pero las mejoras en la gestión del agua, como se analiza aquí, pueden amortiguar dichos efectos en un grado significativo. As planetary boundaries are rapidly being approached, humanity has little room for additional expansion and conventional intensification of agriculture, while a growing world population further spreads the food gap. Ample evidence exists that improved on-farm water management can close water-related yield gaps to a considerable degree, but its global significance remains unclear. In this modeling study we investigate systematically to what extent integrated crop water management might contribute to closing the global food gap, constrained by the assumption that pressure on water resources and land does not increase. Using a process-based bio-/agrosphere model, we simulate the yield-increasing potential of elevated irrigation water productivity (including irrigation expansion with thus saved water) and optimized use of in situ precipitation water (alleviated soil evaporation, enhanced infiltration, water harvesting for supplemental irrigation) under current and projected future climate (from 20 climate models, with and without beneficial CO2 effects). Results show that irrigation efficiency improvements can save substantial amounts of water in many river basins (globally 48% of non-productive water consumption in an 'ambitious' scenario), and if rerouted to irrigate neighboring rainfed systems, can boost kcal production significantly (26% global increase). Low-tech solutions for small-scale farmers on water-limited croplands show the potential to increase rainfed yields to a similar extent. In combination, the ambitious yet achievable integrated water management strategies explored in this study could increase global production by 41% and close the water-related yield gap by 62%. Unabated climate change will have adverse effects on crop yields in many regions, but improvements in water management as analyzed here can buffer such effects to a significant degree. مع الاقتراب السريع من حدود الكوكب، ليس لدى البشرية مجال كبير للتوسع الإضافي والتكثيف التقليدي للزراعة، في حين أن تزايد عدد سكان العالم يزيد من انتشار الفجوة الغذائية. توجد أدلة وافرة على أن تحسين إدارة المياه في المزارع يمكن أن يسد فجوات الغلة المتعلقة بالمياه إلى حد كبير، لكن أهميتها العالمية لا تزال غير واضحة. في دراسة النمذجة هذه، نبحث بشكل منهجي في مدى مساهمة الإدارة المتكاملة لمياه المحاصيل في سد الفجوة الغذائية العالمية، مقيدة بافتراض أن الضغط على الموارد المائية والأراضي لا يزداد. باستخدام نموذج بيولوجي/زراعي قائم على العمليات، نقوم بمحاكاة إمكانات زيادة الغلة لإنتاجية مياه الري المرتفعة (بما في ذلك توسيع الري بالمياه الموفرة) والاستخدام الأمثل لمياه الأمطار في الموقع (تبخر التربة المخفف، والترشيح المعزز، وجمع المياه للري التكميلي) في ظل المناخ الحالي والمستقبلي المتوقع (من 20 نموذجًا مناخيًا، مع وبدون تأثيرات مفيدة لثاني أكسيد الكربون). تظهر النتائج أن تحسينات كفاءة الري يمكن أن توفر كميات كبيرة من المياه في العديد من أحواض الأنهار (على مستوى العالم 48 ٪ من استهلاك المياه غير المنتجة في سيناريو "طموح ")، وإذا تم إعادة توجيهها لري الأنظمة البعلية المجاورة، يمكن أن تعزز إنتاج السعرات الحرارية بشكل كبير (زيادة عالمية بنسبة 26 ٪). تُظهر الحلول منخفضة التقنية لصغار المزارعين في الأراضي الزراعية محدودة المياه إمكانية زيادة المحاصيل البعلية إلى حد مماثل. مجتمعة، يمكن لاستراتيجيات الإدارة المتكاملة للمياه الطموحة والقابلة للتحقيق التي تم استكشافها في هذه الدراسة أن تزيد الإنتاج العالمي بنسبة 41 ٪ وتغلق فجوة العائد المتعلقة بالمياه بنسبة 62 ٪. سيكون لتغير المناخ المستمر آثار ضارة على غلة المحاصيل في العديد من المناطق، ولكن التحسينات في إدارة المياه كما تم تحليلها هنا يمكن أن تخفف هذه الآثار إلى حد كبير.

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    Environmental Research Letters
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    Authors: Karim C. Abbaspour; Hong Yang; Alexander J.B. Zehnder; Johan Rockström; +3 Authors

    Food security and water scarcity have become two major concerns for future human's sustainable development, particularly in the context of climate change. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts on the production and water use of major cereal crops on a global scale with a spatial resolution of 30 arc-minutes for the 2030s (short term) and the 2090s (long term), respectively. Our findings show that impact uncertainties are higher on larger spatial scales (e.g., global and continental) but lower on smaller spatial scales (e.g., national and grid cell). Such patterns allow decision makers and investors to take adaptive measures without being puzzled by a highly uncertain future at the global level. Short-term gains in crop production from climate change are projected for many regions, particularly in African countries, but the gains will mostly vanish and turn to losses in the long run. Irrigation dependence in crop production is projected to increase in general. However, several water poor regions will rely less heavily on irrigation, conducive to alleviating regional water scarcity. The heterogeneity of spatial patterns and the non-linearity of temporal changes of the impacts call for site-specific adaptive measures with perspectives of reducing short- and long-term risks of future food and water security. PLoS ONE, 8 (2) ISSN:1932-6203

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    PLoS ONE
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    Authors: Owen Gaffney; Owen Gaffney; Malte Meinshausen; Malte Meinshausen; +6 Authors

    Emissions inevitably approach zero with a “carbon law”

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    Authors: Per Espen Stoknes; Johan Rockström;

    Abstract Over the last decade, green growth policies have drawn increasing interest. OECD, UNEP, the World Bank and the EC have had several initiatives on the issue, and the Nordic countries have a special program on it. Definitions and indicator sets have been developed, though critics have pointed out that most initiatives amount to little more than a greenwashing of conventional economic growth. The paper proposes and discusses two definitions of green growth, one weak and one strong. Both build on resource- and carbon productivity measures, but whereas the weak definition requires absolute decoupling, the strong or “genuine green growth” requires sufficient decoupling to achieve science based targets for planetary boundaries. The approach is tested at country levels, starting with the climate boundary, by analyzing progress on carbon productivity (“CAPRO”) in Nordic countries since 2000. Results show that so far, among Nordic countries, Sweden, Finland and Denmark have achieved genuine green growth, while Norway has not. Implications for policy and communication of green growth are discussed.

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    Energy Research & Social Science
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Research & Social Science
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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    Authors: Ingo Fetzer; Fernando Jaramillo; Fernando Jaramillo; Johan Rockström; +2 Authors

    AbstractProjections of global warming in Africa are generally associated with increasing aridity and decreasing water availability. However, most freshwater assessments focus on single hydroclimatic indicators (e.g., runoff, precipitation, or aridity), lacking analysis on combined changes in evaporative demand, and water availability on land. There remains a high degree of uncertainty over water implications at the basin scale, in particular for the most water‐consuming sector—food production. Using the Budyko framework, we perform an assessment of future hydroclimatic change for the 50 largest African basins, finding a consistent pattern of change in four distinct regions across the two main emission scenarios corresponding to the Paris Agreement, and the business as usual. Although the Paris Agreement is likely to lead to less intense changes when compared to the business as usual, both scenarios show the same pattern of hydroclimatic shifts, suggesting a potential roadmap for hydroclimatic adaptation. We discuss the social‐ecological implications of the projected hydroclimatic shifts in the four regions and argue that climate policies need to be complemented by soil and water conservation practices to make the best use of future water resources.

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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Earth's Future
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    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Earth's Future
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth's Future
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Earth's Future
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/59...
    Article . 2019
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Earth's Future
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      Earth's Future
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      Earth's Future
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Earth's Future
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/59...
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Datacite
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