• Energy Research
• 2021-2025close
• engineering and technology close
• Frontiers in Environmental Science close

The study investigates the nexus of CO2 emissions, tourism, fossil fuels, and GDP growth using China’s data from 1970 to 2019. The research applied the upset U-molded EKC and the ARDL -models to calculate the time series stationarity variables. The results showed that in the initial enlargement phases, a sophisticated GDP adversely impacts CO2 emissions, then a higher GDP positively influences CO2 emissions. The development of tourism, use of fossil fuels (coal and oil), and population growth show an important influence on CO2 emissions but the use of gas and electricity has little effect on CO2 emissions. In contrast, foreign direct investment besides population development had little effect on increasing CO2 emissions. Retreating foreign direct investment, strengthening the use of sustainable electricity, and improving transportation for explorers, especially the green tourism business, are excellent ways to reduce environmental degradation in China.

Low-carbon technological progress is an important way to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, as well as achieve the goal of peaking carbon emission and carbon neutrality. Due to the difference in energy input structure, the difficulty of attaining low-carbon technology progress in industries with different energy consumption levels will lead to different responses to environmental regulation, affecting energy efficiency. This paper demonstrates the theoretical mechanism of how environmental regulation affects energy-saving efficiency through low-carbon technological progress in industries with different energy consumption levels. By reconstructing energy consumption of different industries in each province, this paper estimates the low-carbon technology progress in high-energy-consuming industries and low-energy-consuming industries in 30 provinces and cities of China from 2000 to 2016. It carries out empirical tests using mediating effect model. The results show that nationwide, the impact of environmental regulation on energy efficiency through low-carbon technology progress is U-shaped. Low-carbon technology progress accelerates the inflection point, indicating that the progress of low-carbon technology is beneficial for strict environmental regulation policies to improve energy efficiency. It shows there is asymmetric regional heterogeneity in the impact of environmental regulation on energy efficiency through low-carbon technology progress in high-energy-consuming and low-energy-consuming industries: in the central-western region, the progress of low-carbon technology in high-energy-consuming industries is faster than that in low-energy-consuming industries; in eastern region, room for energy-saving through low-carbon technology in low-energy-consuming industries is more significant than that in high-energy-consuming industries. This paper provides empirical evidence and policy suggestions for China to implement differentiated environmental regulation policies in accordance with local conditions, promote green technology transformation, and conserve the ecological civilization.

The pollution caused by foreign investment has become a serious concern of the host government and academia. Many studies have discussed much about the environmental impact of China’s OFDI in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region, but ignored the impact of the BRI itself on China’s OFDI. This study uses the Global Malmquist–Luenberger index to measure the green technology spillover of China’s OFDI from 2005 to 2018 and studies the impact of BRI on this spillover effect with the DID (difference-in-difference) method. The results show that (1) the BRI has significantly increased the green technology spillover of China’s OFDI in countries along the routes. The heterogeneity study shows that such an effect is significant in middle- or low-income countries with high institutional quality or poor environmental performance, but not obvious in other countries. (2) The BRI promotes green technology spillover through the mechanism of increasing R&D investment, improving the environmental system, and accelerating the flow of production factors. This study provides a useful reference for developing a greener OFDI and promoting the sustainable development of regional cooperation.

Facing the increasingly severe climate situation, China strives to improve its Nationally Determined Contributions, promising to reach its carbon peak by 2030. Accurately predicting the future demand quantity and changing the trends of coal resources is the key to maintaining national energy security and achieving the goal of “carbon peak” and is also an important research topic in the future. To improve the prediction accuracy, this study sorts out eight common factors affecting the coal demand from the aspects of the economy, population, and energy. The grey relational analysis method was used to describe the degree of importance of each factor and screen out the relatively vital factors. The system dynamics model for coal demand in Shanxi Province was also established. The coal demand and carbon emission trends in Shanxi Province from 2021 to 2030 were predicted under business-as-usual, low-speed and high-speed development scenarios. The study results show that: 1) During the 14th Five-Year Plan to 15th Five-year Plan, the trend of coal demand has changed from increasing to decreasing. Under the three scenarios, the coal demand in 2021 is expected to be 372.03 million tons, 365.97 million tons, 360.04 million tons, and it is expected that the coal demand will peak in 2025, and will reach 394.77 million tons, 390.27 million tons, and 385.66 million tons under the three scenarios, respectively. 2) With the development of population and economy, the total energy demand shows a continuously increasing trend. It is estimated that the total energy consumption will reach 237.46-242.93 million tons of standard coal in 2030, and the total energy demand will continue to grow in the foreseeable future. 3) The carbon dioxide emission is closely related to the coal demand, showing a similar variation trend. Under the business-as-usual development scenario, carbon emissions in 2021 are 699.62 million tons, and carbon emissions are expected to reach 681.12 million tons in 2030. The low-speed development and high-speed development scenarios have different degrees of energy saving and emission reduction benefits. Compared with the business-as-usual development scenario in 2030, the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 1.64 million tons and 3.56 million tons respectively. Finally, we put forward important policy measures to promote the economic transformation and upgrading of Shanxi Province and accelerate the realization of the “carbon peak” goal.

China is the largest producer of carbon in the world. China’s construction industry has received widespread attention in recent years due to its environmental issues. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the environmental efficiency of the domestic part of this industry. As the foreign contribution is beyond China’s control, identification of domestic carbon emissions is necessary to formulate effective policy interventions. Based on a multi-regional input‐output model, this study attempts to reduce the statistical bias associated with international trade, thereby obtaining a more accurate indicator of domestic carbon emission intensity. This study aims to reveal the change in the domestic carbon emission intensity of China’s construction industry during 2000–2014 and analyze the reason behind it. The results show that, first, both the constructed intensity indicator and commonly used measures of carbon emission intensity have exhibited a decreasing trend over the study period. However, the former has been consistently larger than the latter. Moreover, this difference first increased and then suddenly decreased after a particular year. Second, although the domestic carbon emission intensity shows a gradually declining trend, it has moved from second to first in global rankings, implying that China’s domestic construction industry’s carbon emission efficiency, while falling, lags behind other major economies. Third, the structural decomposition results reveal that changes in direct production emission intensity are the leading causes of the decline in domestic carbon emission intensity. In contrast, a change in the intermediate input structure led to an increase in the emission intensity in China’s construction industry. In addition, the enormous gaps of domestic carbon emission intensity in the construction industry between China and the selected countries are mainly attributable to the difference in the intermediate input structure. The study suggests that China’s construction industry needs to promote high value-added output, optimize intermediate input structure, and improve energy and emission efficiency.

This paper adds to the existing body of knowledge by incorporating the role of fiscal decentralization (FD) in influencing CO2 emissions. Therefore, this study looked at the effect of FD on CO2 emissions in the presence of nonrenewable energy consumption (NRE), renewable energy consumption (REN), gross domestic product (GDP), and trade openness (TOP) for the period 1994–2018 in Japan. Thus, the current work intends to fill this knowledge gap by employing econometric techniques such as Bayer and Hanck cointegration, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and canonical cointegration regression (CCR). Additionally, the frequency domain causality analysis is used in the investigation to determine the causal impact of FD, NRE, REN, GDP, and TOP on CO2 emissions. The novelty of the frequency-domain approach is that it can differentiate between nonlinearity and causality levels and show causality among parameters with different frequencies. The DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR results reveal that NRE, GDP, and TOP augment CO2 emissions in Japan, whereas FD and REN increase the quality of the atmosphere. Furthermore, the frequency causality test results show that FD, REN, GDP, and TOP have implications for CO2 emissions in the long run, while NRE raises CO2 emissions in the medium run. As a policy direction, the current study suggests expanding renewable energy consumption in Japan by emphasizing more on Sustainable Development Goals (7, 8, and 13).

Implementing low-carbon houses is inseparable from the carbon tax and subsidy policies. Appropriate carbon taxes and subsidies can help to reduce household carbon emissions. This study aims to identify a suitable carbon tax and subsidy policy and investigate how this policy will affect the adoption of low-carbon housing. We classify programs including carbon taxes and subsidies into four categories: static carbon tax static subsidy, static carbon tax dynamic subsidy, dynamic carbon tax dynamic subsidy, and dynamic carbon tax static subsidy. Additionally, under various carbon tax and subsidy systems, the evolutionary stability strategies (ESS) of real estate developers and governments will be examined using evolutionary game theory. The case simulation results show that static carbon tax and dynamic subsidies are the best strategies. Government regulation is essential for the implementation of low-carbon housing. The higher the carbon tax and the property developer’s profit, the higher the willingness of property developers to implement low-carbon houses and the higher the willingness of government regulation. Appropriate low-carbon subsidies will help property developers implement low-carbon houses. However, after reaching a certain point, low-carbon subsidies will make property developers less inclined to build low-carbon houses. The higher the cost of government regulation, the lower the probability of the low-carbon strategy of property developers, but the cost of government regulation has little impact on the government’s regulation strategy.

The international community has reached a consensus on promoting the sustainable development of global cities. As an important and irreversible space resource in a city, the development and utilization of urban underground space should follow the principle of sustainability and emphasize scientific and forward-looking planning. At present, most cities have formulated urban underground space master plans. However, due to the lack of an effective evaluation method, the plan quality is uneven, which directly affects the sustainability of underground space development and utilization. This paper proposes a set of sustainability evaluation framework of underground space planning based on relevant planning standards and plan quality evaluation protocol, and makes a comparative analysis of the 40 urban underground space master plans formulated in China from 2004 to 2020. The research found that the planning documents generally reflected the problem of emphasizing design strategies and engineering technology while neglecting implementation and humanistic care; administrative region, population density, land price and other variables closely related to the scarcity of urban space resources are the main factors affecting the quality of urban underground space planning. The conclusions of this paper can aid planners and researchers to identify the problems and influencing factors of underground space planning related to sustainability, and summarize the methods to improve the quality of underground space planning.