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Solar energy, since it is available every day, is seen as one of the most valuable renewable energy resources. Thus, the energy of sun should be efficiently used in various applications. The most known applications that use solar energy are heating water and spaces. High efficiency solar collectors need appropriate selective surfaces to absorb the heat. Selective surfaces (Selektif-Sera) used in this study are applied to flat collectors, which are produced by a roll to roll cost effective coating of nano nickel layers, developed in Selektif Teknoloji Co. Inc. Efficiency of flat collectors using Selektif-Sera absorbers are calculated in collaboration with Institute for Solar Technik Rapperswil, Switzerland. The main cause of high energy consumption in industry is mostly caused from low temperature level processes. There is considerable effort in research to minimize the energy use by renewable energy sources such as solar energy. A feasibility study will be presented to obtain the potential of solar thermal energy utilization in the textile industry using these solar collectors. For the feasibility calculations presented in this study, textile dyeing and finishing factory located at Kahramanmaras is selected since the geographic location was an important factor. Kahramanmaras is located in the south east part of Turkey thus has a great potential to have solar illumination much longer. It was observed that, the collector area is limited by the available area in the factory, thus a hybrid heating generating system (lignite/solar thermal) was preferred in the calculations of this study to be more realistic. During the feasibility work, the calculations took into account the preheating process, where well waters heated from 15 °C to 30-40 °C by using the hot waters in heat exchangers. Then the preheated water was heated again by high efficiency solar collectors. Economic comparison between the lignite use and solar thermal collector use was provided to determine the optimal system that can be used efficiently. The optimum design of solar thermal systems was studied depending on the optimum collector area. It was found that the solar thermal system is more economic and efficient than the merely lignite use. Return on investment time is calculated as 5.15 years. {"references": ["http://www.aee-intec.at/0uploads/dateien561.pdf, Accessed on 18/05/2016.", "http://www.solarthermalworld.org/sites/gstec/files/SoPro_Leaflet_en.pdfAccessed on 18/05/2016.", "Kalogirou S. \"The potential of solar industrial process heat applications\", Applied Energy, 2003, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 337-361.", "S Mekhilef, R Saidur, A Safari, \"A review on solar energy use in industries\", Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2011, vol. 15, no. 4 pp. 1777-1790.", "Taibi, E, Gielen D, Bazilian M. \"Measuring energy poverty: Focusing on what matters\", Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2012, vol.16, no.1, pp. 735-744", "Faninger, G., \"The potential of Solar Heat in the future energy system\", IFF-University of Klagenfurt, Austria; www.uni-klu.ac.at/iff/ikn/downloads/Potential_of_Solar_Heat.pdf, Accessed on 18/05/2016", "Vannoni, C., Battisti, R., Drigo, S., Potential for Solar Heat in Industrial Processes, Task 33, 2008. Solar Cooling and Heating Committee of the International Energy Agency (IEA).", "TMMOB Mechanical Engineering Chamber Report, \"T\u00fcrkiye'nin Enerji G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc\", 2012, pp. 1588", "Kad\u0131rgan F., Roll to roll manufacturing of solar selective sheets, PCT patent, PCT/IB2010/055006, WO/2012/059789 \n[10]\thttp://www.estif.org/fileadmin/estif/content/policies/downloads/D23-solar-industrial-process-heat.pdf, Accessed on 20/05/2016"]}

The integration of Grid-Connected PV systems into buildings or public areas is one of the most usual applications of the photovoltaic solar energy in developed countries. Since early 2009, the University is working on an ambitious project, the so-called UNIVERSOL project, where its main goal is to convert the University Campus in a big public area which combines the PV electricity generation with the common uses of a university place. The aim of this paper is to show to the scientific community the main results of this project and that the methodology proposed for the “large urban-area photovoltaic potential” estimation can be easily exportable to other locations with similar characteristics, so the photovoltaic generators integration examples proposed in this project, and the software tools used to represent it, can be helpful for other designers, taking into account that this project has been adapted to the new Spanish legislation. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4068-4072

The scope of this paper is to present the work carried out by the European project SUNRISE which aims at strengthening the interaction between architects, construction companies and PV module manufactures. The fruitful cooperation between the PV community and the key stakeholders just mentioned will lead to a larger deployment of PV systems in building and therefore to a substantially cost reduction. The paper covers the following issues: • identification of barriers to overcome for enhancing the diffusion of PV products in the building and construction sector • overview of the multiple applications of PV in buildings • collaboration between building and construction sector and PV module manufactures in developing new ways of cooperation and creating better channels for a proper communication and dissemination • standardisation and regulations for PV products in building environments This project is co-financed by the European Commission, FP6-2005-TREN-4, SUNRISE project. 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3300-3304

{"references": ["W.C. Turner, S. Doty, Energy Management Handbook, Library of\nCongress Cataloging in Publication Data, 2007.", "D. Niu, J. Wang, D.D. Wu, Power load forecasting using support vector\nmachine and ant colony optimization, Expert Systems with Applications,\n2010, vol. 37, pp. 2531\u20132539.", "K. Nolde, M. Morari, Electrical load tracking scheduling of a steel plant,\nCompt. Chem. Eng., 2010, vol. 34, pp. 1899\u20131903.", "M. Amina, V.S. Kodogiannis, I. Petrounias, D. Tomtsis, A hybrid\nintelligent approach for the prediction of electricity consumption, Electr.\nPower Energy Syst., 2012, vol. 43, pp. 1\u2013108.", "F.M Andersen, H.V. Larsen, T.K. Boomsma, Longterm forecasting of\nhourly electricity load: Identification of consumption profiles and\nsegmentation of customers, Energy Conver. Manag., 2013, vol. 68, pp.\n244\u2013252.", "L.S. Kazarinov, D.A. Shnayder, T.A. Barbasova, and oth., Automated\ncontrol systems in energy saving (Development experience).\nChelyabinsk: Publisher SUSU, 2010.", "L.S. Kazarinov, T.A. Barbasova, O.V. Kolesnikova, A.A. Zakharova.\n\"Method of multilevel rationing and optimal forecasting of volumes of\nelectric-energy consumption by an industrial enterprise,\" Autom.\nControl Comput. Sci., vol. 48 (6), 2015; pp. 324-333.", "D. Niu, J. Li, J. Li, D. Liu, \"Middle-long power load forecasting based\non particle swarm optimization,\" Comput. Math. Appl. vol. 57, 2009,\npp. 1883-1889.", "L.S.Kazarinov, A.B. Bordetsky \"Optimization algorithm for design\nproblems with inconsistent specifications,\" Information and control\nelements and systems. Proceedings of the ChPI, vol. 231. Chelyabinsk,\n1979.\n[10] I.A. Yapryntseva, \"The preparation to control the consumption of fuel in\nthe JSC \"Magnitogorsky Iron and Steel Works\" on the Basis of\nMathematical Statistical Dependencies,\" Proceedings of the Chelyabinsk\nScientific Center, 2004, pp.96 \u2013 100."]} A method of effective planning and control of industrial facility energy consumption is offered. The method allows optimally arranging the management and full control of complex production facilities in accordance with the criteria of minimal technical and economic losses at the forecasting control. The method is based on the optimal construction of the power efficiency characteristics with the prescribed accuracy. The problem of optimal designing of the forecasting model is solved on the basis of three criteria: maximizing the weighted sum of the points of forecasting with the prescribed accuracy; the solving of the problem by the standard principles at the incomplete statistic data on the basis of minimization of the regularized function; minimizing the technical and economic losses due to the forecasting errors.

A high pressure/high temperature reactor was used in semi­continuous mode for hydroprocessing of Cracked Vegetable Oil (CVO). Therefore, hydrogen with a partial pressure of 50 bar was conveyed continuously through the pilot plant. The reaction temperature was 350 °C. This temperature was hold for 3 h in each experiment. CVO was provided in the reactor for treatment with a molybdenum catalyst with traces of heavy metals in a ratio of 1 wt.­% corresponding to the mass of CVO in the reactor at the beginning of the test. Deoxygenation (DO) reactions were found in all experiments and Hydrogenated Cracked Vegetable Oil (HCVO) was obtained. Acid number and calorific value measurement as well as selectively gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) was performed for proving DO. CVO used in this study was made from rapeseed oil. The aim of the project is the transfer of those findings to CVO which is based on used frying oil. Conventional raw materials suffer on a lack of sustainability and high cost. CVO removes these drawbacks and provides a high quality product with high energy density at the same time. Proceedings of the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 23-26 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 1034-1037

An innovative process to produce synthesis gas from a solid feedstock is dual fluidbed (DFB) steam gasification of biomass. The principle of this technology is the separation of the fluidized bed into a gasification and a combustion zone. Bed material, nowadays olivine, is circulating, between them, which has two functions. Firstly, it acts as heat carrier from the combustion to the gasification zone. Secondly, it has the role of a catalyst regarding the reduction of hydrocarbons. In this work, the catalytic activity of different fresh and also used bed materials, such as olivine and silica sand was tested regarding their ability to enhance the water-gas-shift reaction and also reduce hydrocarbons. Calcite is known as active material in this respect and, therefore, used as reference substance. Experiments showed a correlation between the enhancement of the water-gas-shift reaction and the reduction of lighter and heavier hydrocarbons by steam reforming. Results show that as long as a bed material particle has built up a calcium-rich layer, satisfying conversion of carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbons can be achieved. As model substances for hydrocarbons ethane and toluene were used. These results are the basis for further research of catalytic characteristics of potential bed materials for the dual fluidized bed steam gasification of biomass. Proceedings of the 23rd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 June 2015, Vienna, Austria, pp. 562-567

Buildings constructed in Japan during a period of high economic growth, 1954-1973, have deteriorated, and many need to be demolished. In the course of that demolition work, accidents have occurred, but the causes and circumstances of many of them are largely unknown. This study investigates accidents that occurred during building demolition work in Japan between 2010 and 2014, with the goal of preventing future accidents. The results show that fatal accidents while demolishing buildings accounted for 6.5% of all fatal accidents on construction sites. The greatest number of fatal accidents can be attributed to falls and collapsing walls. The causes of falls were found to be two-fold. First, in the process of demolishing a building, frequently, a hole is cut in the floor and scrap materials are thrown into it to dispose of them; however, workers have been known to fall into this hole and be injured fatally. It was also found that many workers do not use full harnesses. The cause of collapsing walls was identified as follows. When a wall is demolished, its lower part is often cut through to weaken it, at which point the wall can collapse, crushing workers. Analysis of the study results shows that greater attention must be paid to creating a system that promotes fall prevention and safe wall-cutting on demolition sites.

Phosphoric sludge is the most harmful and dangerous of waste of phosphorus-containing substances, and its aggregated volumes, by rough estimates, total millions of tons. Therefore utilization of the that waste is now an acute problem and will bring rather notable contribution not only to national economies, but will also considerably improve ecological conditions (Bessarabov et al., 2010a). Development of industrial productions for processing of phosphoric sludge was carried out within the most modern and prospective system of computer support - CALS-technologies (Continuous Acquisition and Life Cycle Support). The task of the CALS is transformation of product life cycle to highly automated process by re-structuring of business processes included into it (Saaksvuori, Immonen, 2010). In development of advanced chemical productions it is shown that CALS-technologies and the main CALS-standard, ISO 10303 STEP, offer of a solution of a problem of electronic representation of the design information by means of use of the standardized integrated description of a product. The designer’s electronic description according to standard ISO 10303 STEP contains structure of categories, documents, statuses, groups of products with their versions, properties, classifications, etc (Molina et al., 1999). Marketing researches of the phosphoric industry waste utilization (Bessarabov et al., 2010b), system researches of innovative resources of leading enterprises making and utilizing phosphorus-containing production wastes (Bessarabov et al., 2010c) were carried out within the grant of European Community ECOPHOS ? INCO-CT-2005-013359, and also the flexible two-product scheme of phosphoric sludge utilization with obtaining of sodium phosphite and hypophosphite (Bessarabov et al., 2009, Klemeš et al., 2006) was developed. In the given work carried out under the contract of Ministry of Education and Science of Russia no. 11.519.11.5005, we considered the complex of three individual productions flowsheets of phosphoric sludge utilization, including sodium phosphite and hypophosphite, and also phosphoric sludge processing through sodium phosphite to dibasic lead phosphite.

{"references": ["Retrieved on April 12, 2013 from website http://www.peakbagger.com/range.aspx?rid=432", "Alexander, Christopher, \"Notes on the Synthesis of Form, 1st ed.\", Harvard University Press, 1964, pp. 1-224.", "Borucke, Michael, David Moore, Gemma Cranston, Kyle Gracey, Katsunori Iha, Joy Larson, Elias Lazarus, Juan Carlos Morales, Mathis Wackernagel, Alessandro Galli, 2012, \"Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere's regenerative capacity: The National Footprint Accounts' underlying methodology and framework\", Ecological Indicators 24 (2013) 518\u2013533, Elsevier Ltd.", "Adams, W.M., \"The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century\", 2006, Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, 29\u201331 January 2006.", "Abdaei, Kaveh, Ahadollag Azami, \"Sustainability Analyses of Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Traditional Buildings approaching Wind-Catchers\", Recent Advances in Energy, Environment and Development, pp.124-129.", "Afrasiabian, Shaghayegh, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, Negar Badri, \"Nature as a Source of Sustainable Design in Architecture of Original Countries (Case Study: Traditional Architecture of Iran)\", Archi-Cultural Translations through the Silk Road 2nd International Conference, Mukogawa Women's Univ., Nishinomiya, Japan, July 14-16, 2012 Proceedings, pp.257-261.", "Azami.A, Y., \"Climate passive architecture in hot and dry regions of iran, Passive and low energy cooling for the built environment\", Greece: Santorini, 2005, pp. 613-617.", "Fardpour, Tohid, \"Analysis of Iranian Traditional Architecture Through the Lens of Kenneth Frampton's \"Critical Regionalism\"\", American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2013, 6 (2): 205-210.", "Ghobadian. Vahid, \"Climate Analysis of the Traditional Iranian Buildings\", 5th ed., Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 2008.\n[10]\tKasmai, Morteza, \"Climate & Architecture\", 4nd ed., 2006, pp. 107-130.\n[11]\tKiani, W. K., \"Cultural heritage organization of Iran\", Tehran, 1995.\n[12]\tPourvahidi, Parastoo, \"Bioclimatic Analysis of Vernacular Iranian Architecture\", Master diss., Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, North Cyprus, 2010, 1-161.\n[13]\tPourvahidi, Parastoo, Mesut B. Ozdeniz, \"Bioclimatic analysis of Iranian climate for energy conservation in architecture\", Scientific Research and Essays, 2013, Vol. 8(1), pp. 6-16.\n[14]\tShojaei, S.A.R., Zahra khodayari, \"Sustainable Architecture In Arid Regions of Iran\", 5th Symposium on Advances in Science & Technology, May 12-17, 2011.\n[15]\tUtaberta, N., N. Sharifi, M. Surat, A. I. Che-Ani and N.M. Tawil, \"The Experience of Iranian Architecture in Direction of Urban Passages and Forming of Urban Structures to Increase Climatic Comfort\", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012, Vol. 67, pp. 637-641.\n[16]\tRetrieved on June 2, 2013 from website http://news.discovery.com/earth/global-warming/hottest-spot-on-earth-120416.htm\n[17]\tAttmann, Osman , \"Green architecture: overview\", Green architecture: advanced technologies and materials. definitions and operationalizations of green architecture, McGraw-Hill Professional, AccessEngineering, ICC (International Code Council), 2010, pp. 1-26.\n[18]\tRetrieved on May 28, 2013 from Website http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=965506\n[19]\tPirnia, Mohammad Karim, Stylistic of Iranian Architecturem, 3rd ed., 1383, pp. 32.\n[20]\tRetrieved on April 18, 2013 from website Website: http://n-a-c.blogfa.com/cat-12.aspx\n[21]\tShokouhian.M, S., \"Enviromental effect of the courtyard in sustainable architecture of Iran\", Tehran: Islamic azad university, 2007.\n[22]\tRetrieved on April 26, 2013 from website http://www.gardenhistorysociety.org/post/agenda/the-gardens-of-persia/\n[23]\tLe Corbusier \"The Modulor: A Harmonious Measure to the Human Scale, Universally Applicable to Architecture and Mechanics\". Basel & Boston: Birkh\u00e4user, (2004) (First published in two volumes in 1954 and 1958.).\n[24]\tRetrieved on May 06, 2013 from website http://ghoolabad.com/index2.asp?id=26"]} Iran Central Plateau encompasses a large proportion of this country. The weather in these flat plains is warm and arid with very little precipitation. Different attempts in architecture have been done to alleviate the weather severity of this area and create a living place compatible with humans’ comfort criteria. Investigations have showed that some of the most successful approaches in traditional architecture of the area has been forgotten or are not being used widely. As sustainability is defined as an appropriate solution for environmental, economical, and social disorders, this research is a try to demonstrate the sustainability in aforementioned architecture and based on these studies, propounds solutions for today architecture in hot arid zones.