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There is an urgent need to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions. Because climate change is caused by actions regardless of where they take place on earth, it is generally considered that effective action must take place on a global scale. So far, multilateral attempts to coordinate action on a global level have failed to implement measures that are expected to prevent dangerous climate change, and unilat- eral measures are now being considered as an alternative way of achieving emissions reductions out- side of this context. In light of this, some advocate the use of Border Carbon Adjustments to address the various problems that arise when carbon mitigation policies are implemented on a unilateral basis. There are several arguments for or against the use of Border Carbon Adjustments, and most of these are addressed in the economic, legal, and policy literature. Little has been said on the implications of Border Carbon Adjustments for justice. The aim of this paper is to evaluate Border Carbon Adjust- ments as a policy tool for the mitigation of climate change. This paper argues that, whilst Border Car- bon Adjustments may be an effective way of achieving unilateral emission reductions, they face problems as far as global distributive justice is concerned and they can easily be perceived as an unac- ceptable shift towards a hostile and aggressive form of multilateral diplomacy. For this reason, Border Carbon Adjustments should be viewed with great caution and, if used at all, careful attention should be paid to designing their implementation in accordance with principles of justice.

Human beings have used geothermal sources since ancient times and are still using. Afyonkarahisar is one of the cities in which thermal sources are increasingly used in tourism. The aim of this study is to present the importance of geothermal sources in terms of tourism and their sustainable usage, and these sources constitute the most attractive part of Afyonkarahisar’ tourism. Investments on tourism in this city as increased recently as well as unplanned urbanization and environmental problems due to the uncontrolled and excessive usage of thermal water. Unproductive and inefficient usage of thermal water jeopardizes the sustainability of sources. Necessary precautions should be taken such as the protection of thermal waters, drilling and distributing it from one single place and preventing illegal drills, since the future of tourism in the city depends on geothermal sources.

Gesellschaftlich initiierte Ernährungskonzepte haben als Gegenentwurf zu den herkömmlichen Wertschöpfungsketten der Agrar- und Ernährungsbranche an Bedeutung gewonnen. Insbesondere Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), meist übersetzt mit „solidarische Landwirtschaft“, verbreitet sich rasch auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene. Neben besseren ökonomischen Konditionen für (kleine) landwirtschaftliche Betriebe und einer umweltschonenderen Produktionsweise ist eine stabile solidarische Gemeinschaft ein wichtiges Kernelement des CSA-Konzeptes. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, in wie weit die deutschen CSA-Gemeinschaften den Ansprüchen der sozialen Nachhaltigkeit gerecht werden. 196 CSA-Mitglieder nahmen an einer standardisierten Onlineumfrage teil, im Rahmen derer Angaben zu ihren sozio-demographischen Merkmalen und der wahrgenommenen Wertestruktur der CSA-Gemeinschaft erhoben wurden. Es zeigt sich, dass die im CSA-Konzept angestrebte Solidarität innerhalb der Gemeinschaft nur bedingt zur Integration sozial benachteiligter Personen führt. Basierend auf den empirischen Ergebnissen werden Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der sozialen Nachhaltigkeit innerhalb einer CSA aufgezeigt. Socially initiated food networks are currently experiencing an increasing popularity in many industrialized countries worldwide. Especially Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), an innovative grassroots movement connecting consumers with a local farm, has rapidly spread across Germany and other developed countries. The expected higher environmental, economic and social sustainability of CSA is an important aspect for concerned consumers to participate. The aim of this paper is to analyze the extent of social sustainability within the communities. 196 CSA members participated in a standardized online survey that collected information on their socio-demographic characteristics and the perceived value structure of the CSA community. It turns out that the solidarity within the community aspired to in the CSA concept only partially leads to the integration of socially disadvantaged people. Based on the empirical results, possibilities are shown that can contribute to the improvement of social sustainability within a CSA. Soziologie und Nachhaltigkeit, Bd. 5 Nr. 1 (2019): Die soziale Dimension der Nachhaltigkeit