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  • Energy Research
  • engineering and technology
  • 11. Sustainability
  • Russian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    This paper examines the current condition and development prospects of the fuel and energy industry of the Kaliningrad region specified in regional programmes. The authors compare the potentials of different renewable energy sources and provide information on the exploitation of different renewable energy objects in the region. The article presents a preliminary assessment of the thermal capacity necessary for the residential area of an ecovillage with a population of 50,000 and suggests ensuring heat supply with the help of heat pumps. Рассмотрено современное состояние и перспективы развития топливно-энергетического комплекса Калининградской области, предусмотренные региональными программами. Проведено сравнение потенциалов различных возобновляемых энергетических ресурсов, собраны сведения об опыте эксплуатации объектов возобновляемой энергетики на данной территории. Осуществлены первичные оценки необходимых тепловых мощностей для жилого фонда экопоселка численностью 50 тыс. человек и предложен вариант его теплообеспечения от тепловых насосов.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Vestnik of Immanuel ...arrow_drop_down
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    The modern urban policy sets rather complex challenges connected with simultaneous depreciation of finished goods, works acceleration, improvement of design decisions, and also with improvement of quality, reliability and availability of housing for construction branch. Standard constructive solutions of elements now in use of the building are rather well studied and have an application vast experience in housing construction. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the greatest distribution was gained by constructive solutions of elements of the building, classical for mass housing construction, in particular, standard options of overlappings and coverings from monolithic and precast concrete concern to them. Well-known shortcomings of these versions of decisions can be compensated, realizing overlappings from assembly and monolithic the keramzitobetonnykh of blocks, to conforming all requirements for reliability and the heat-shielding allowing to receive the qualitative bearing building element with an optimum level of expenses and time in climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The proposed solutions will allow to reduce costs of 1 sq.m of overlapping to 1,5 2 times, to lose volume weight to 1,5-2 times of rather classical options from monolithic and precast concrete. The given results of the technical and economic analysis of the recommended options of overlappings (coverings) show their high efficiency and availability to projects of housing construction, including to the socially oriented housing financed from budgets of all levels. Современная градостроительная политика ставит перед строительной отраслью достаточно сложные задачи, связанные с одновременным снижением стоимости готовой продукции, ускорением производства работ, совершенствованием проектных решений, а также с повышением качества, надежности и доступности жилья. Используемые в настоящее время типовые конструктивные решения элементов здания достаточно хорошо изучены и имеют богатый опыт применения в жилищном строительстве. В Республике Башкортостан наибольшее распространение получили классические для массового жилищного строительства конструктивные решения элементов здания, в частности, к ним относятся типовые варианты перекрытий и покрытий из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Хорошо известные недостатки этих вариантов решений можно компенсировать, реализуя перекрытия из сборно-монолитных керамзитобетонных блоков, позволяющие получать качественный несущий элемент здания с оптимальным уровнем затрат и времени, соответствующие всем требованиям по надежности и теплозащиты в природно-климатических условиях Республики Башкортостан. Предлагаемые решения позволят сократить затраты на 1 м 2 перекрытия до 1,5 - 2 раз, снизить объемный вес до 1,5-2 раз относительно классических вариантов из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Приведенные результаты технико-экономического анализа рекомендованных вариантов перекрытий (покрытий) показывают их высокую эффективность и доступность для проектов жилищного строительства, в том числе для социально-ориентированного жилья, финансируемого из бюджетов всех уровней.

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    The article deals with the issues of sustainable development of rural areas in Russia and directions for the modernization of the rural economy. The changes in the functions of rural areas in terms of the demographic crisis and economic restructuring are shown in the paper. The article contains an analysis of the potential development of the rural areas. The possible directions of the state policy in the field of rural entrepreneurship are presented in the article. В статье исследуются вопросы устойчивого развития сельских территорий России и направления модернизации сельской экономики. Рассмотрено изменение функций сельских территорий в условиях демографического кризиса и структурной перестройки экономики. Проведен анализ потенциала развития сельских территорий. Представлены возможные направления государственной политики в области поддержки сельского предпринимательства.

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    Authors: Sokolskaya E., V.; Kochurov B., I.; Dolgov Yu., A.; Lobkovsky V., A.;

    The article considers mathematical approach to environmental quality management to improve the ecological comfort of living for the population. The problem of environmental management is described using a multi-factor model of quality of the environment with the weight coefficients of the importance of its components: atmospheric air, acoustic impact, soil, water resources, and green spaces, accessibility of natural and recreational areas. The values of weight coefficients of importance of influencing factors for environmentally comfortable living are determined by the method of expert assessment. A multi-factor model is used for detailed assessment of the ecological quality of the urban environment. The proposed quantitative approach also allows to compare the environmental comfort of the different residential districts or to study the dynamics of environmental comfort of specific urban area. Much attention is paid to scientific and methodological principles of management and the formation of the concept of «environmental quality». The strategy of environmental management with ecological foundation of various practical solution is shown. The plan of measures on organization of optimal management of quality of the environment to improve comfort of living for the population of the residential microdistrict of Tiraspol is presented. Graphical scheme of the results of integral analysis of various environmental indicators and assessments for improving the comfort of the environment is given. Realization of environmental quality management of the urban areas on the basis of a multi-factor model contributes to the gradual change of dangerous ecological conditions of environmental factors, to increase a comfort of the territory taking into account the real preferences and needs of the population.

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    Theoretical and Applied Ecology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Theoretical and Applied Ecology
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    В рамках современной системы международного климатического регулирования страны несут ответственность за выбросы парниковых газов, осуществляемые в результате хозяйственной деятельности на их территории, даже в том случае, если эмиссия происходит при производстве продукции, направляемой на экспорт. Напротив, импорт углеродоемкой продукции международными соглашениями никак не ограничивается. В данной работе на основе анализа межстрановых таблиц «затраты выпуск», представленных в базе данных WIOD, осуществлена оценка объема выбросов углекислого газа, осуществляемых при производстве продукции, экспортируемой Россией за рубеж («экспорта выбросов») и импортируемых в Россию из других стран («импорта выбросов»). Выявлено, что Россия является вторым в мире нетто-экспортером выбросов углекислого газа, причем подавляющее большинство выбросов направляется в форме экспортируемой продукции в развитые страны. Причинами высокой углеродоемкости российской экспортной продукции являются как технологическая отсталость от развитых стран, так и особенности товарной структуры внешней торговли России: ее экспорт состоит преимущественно из углеводородного сырья и энергоемких товаров, а импорт из продукции с относительно невысокой энергоемкостью. Значительные объемы нетто-экспорта выбросов делают Россию страной, интересам которой текущая схема учета выбросов отвечает в наименьшей степени. С одной стороны, Россия, как и другие крупные страны-нетто-экспортеры выбросов, заинтересована в пересмотре принципов распределения ответственности между производителями и потребителями углеродоемкой продукции. С другой стороны, существующая технологическая отсталость делает ее уязвимой перед лицом политики «углеродного протекционизма», которая может начать применяться в других государствах. According to current international climate change regime countries are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, which result from economic activities within national borders, including emissions from producing goods for exports. At the same time imports of carbon intensive goods are not regulated by international agreements. In this paper carbon emissions embodied in exports and imports of Russia were calculated with the use of inter-country input-output tables from WIOD database. It was revealed that Russia is the second largest exporter of emissions embodied in trade and the large portion of these emissions is directed to developed countries. The reasons for high carbon intensity of Russia's exports are obsolete technologies (in comparison to developed economies) and the structure of commodity trade: Russian exports primarily fossil fuels and energy-intensive goods and imports products with relatively low energy intensity. Because of large amount of net exports of carbon intensive goods the current approach to emissions accounting does not suit interests of Russia. On the one hand, Russia, as well as other large net emissions exporters, is interested in the revision of allocation of responsibility between producers and consumers of carbon intensive products. On the other hand, current technological backwardness makes Russia vulnerable to the policy of 'carbon protectionism', which can be implemented by its trade partners.

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    The «green» economy is one of the main problems in modern economy and environmental protection. This phenomenon has become to develop only at the end of the last century. The society started to realize limitation of natural resources. This article presents theoretical aspects of «green» economy. The historical periods of evolution of sustainable development and «green» economy in Russian and foreign literature were studied. The analysis of final documents of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development was carried out. The authors offer a methodical device for estimation the territory potential for transition to «green» economy in order to achieve sustainable development Отмечено, что «зеленая» экономика является одной из главных проблем в современной экономике и охране окружающей среды. Данное явление стало активно развиваться лишь в конце прошлого века, когда общество начало осознавать ограниченность природных ресурсов. Представлены теоретические аспекты «зеленой» экономики. Изучены исторические периоды становления устойчивого развития и «зеленой» экономики в отечественной и зарубежной литературе. Проведен анализ итоговых документов Конференций ООН по окружающей среде и устойчивому развитию. Предложен методический аппарат, позволяющий оценить потенциал территории для перехода к «зеленой» экономике с целью достижения устойчивого развития

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    Authors: M.A. Othuman Mydin;

    Building maintenance management is an organized and effective system of maintenance operations which is set up to deal with problems related to the upkeep of a building. Its goal, aside from locating and remedying a building’s deficiencies, is to effectively minimize the overall costs of maintenance and is also an effort to maximize the gain and benefits from the savings. There are a few factors that influence decisions to undertake maintenance work. The principal goal of maintenance is to protect a building in the early stage of issues as they arise. Some major reasons for maintaining a building include retaining its reputation and value of investments, maintaining the building in a condition which allows it to accomplish its purpose, and presenting a good outer shell. This paper will review and discuss some of the major elements of building maintenance towards achieving sustainable buildings.

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    Evropejskij Issledovatelʹ
    Article . 2014
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      Evropejskij Issledovatelʹ
      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Излагаются современное состояние вопроса: вероятностная природа аварий, пожаров и электротравматизма в электроустановках, концепция регламентированного приемлемого риска, его допустимый уровень. Техногенные опасности жилищно-коммунального комплекса и объектов распределительных электрических сетей 10-0,4 кВ остаются недостаточно изучены. Доказана актуальность темы исследования (массовое обслуживание населением этих объектов с высокой статистикой пожаров и электротравм). Сформирована цель исследования: разработка алгоритма управления уровнем риска, установление количественных оценок техногенных опасностей, расчет ущербов; обеспечение методической основы для прогнозирования риска и разработки мероприятий по снижению его уровня. Введены определения понятия системы сельских электрических сетей (СЭС), эффективности функционирования СЭС. Дано определение риска (риск — количественная оценка техногенной опасности). Интегральный риск учитывает материальный ущерб от опасного техногенного события и вероятность его возникновения, а также учитывает экологические, социальные и материальные аспекты риска. Представлена математическая модель интегрированного риска СЭС. Рассмотрена процедура анализа и управления интегральным риском из 7 этапов. Определена цель менеджмента риска. Алгоритм анализа и менеджмента интегрального риска иллюстрирован графическим изображением. На основе анализа риска разработана методика прогнозирования риска. Методика прогнозирования включает мероприятия по снижению уровня риска. Выводы: 1) увеличение числа аварий, отказов и травматизма в сельской энергетике делает актуальной проблему комплексного анализа уровня техногенной опасности (интегрированного риска); 2) на основе определения количественной оценки риска R представлена математическая модель интегрированного риска СЭС; 3) разработан алгоритм управления уровнем риска путем мониторинга информации техногенных опасностей; 4) на основе анализа риска разработана методика прогнозирования риска. Probable causes of accidents, fires and injures at electric installations are discussed. The concept of acceptable risk and its rate is dealt with. Technogenic hazards existing in housing sector and at distribution networks of the voltage from 10 to 0.4 kV have not been thoroughly studied. The research topic is relevant due to a high rate of fires and injures. The research purpose involves the development a risk management algorithm, quantitative rating of technogenic hazards, damage assessment, and the creation of the methodology for risk forecasting and reduction. A system of rural electric power networks is defined, and its efficient performance is discussed. Risk is defined as a quantitative rating of technogenic hazard. An integrated risk involves a material damage caused by a technogenic event and its probable occurrence, and also takes into consideration the environmental, social and economic aspects of the risk. A mathematical model of integrated risk of a rural power network is presented. The procedure of integrated risk analysis and management comprised of 7 stages is discussed. The algorithm of integrated risk analysis and management is shown. Risk analysis is used to develop risk forecast methodology. Risk forecasting methodology includes the measures to reduce the risks.

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    Authors: SHEINA SVETLANA; DIETMAR WINGAND; MATVEYKO ROMAN; TERYUKOVA LIDIA;

    This paper provides a brief overview of the implementation of integrated assessment of a territory for strategic planning and management of territory development. The evaluation criteria were defined for the conditions of development of Rostov region. The degree of intensity of individual factors of an evaluation site directly affects the selection of type of its functional use. The principal results were examined following the creation of information system “Management of territory development” for Rostov Region. There is a proposal to use an integrated multi-criteria assessment of territory for realization of the objectives of urban planning, design and management of territory development, including efficient allocation of industrial zones.

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    After adoption of the federal law 261-FZ of November 23, 2009. "About energy saving and increase of power efficiency …" in Russia design and construction of the power effective buildings equipped with energy-efficient life support systems became more active. For their creation energy saving technologies and materials with power effective life support systems have to be used. It is considered to be one of the main characteristics of power efficiency of buildings specific power consumption on systems of heating and ventilation of rooms in a year. Unfortunately, we considerably lag behind the majority of the European countries on this indicator. Decrease in specific power consumption on systems of heating and ventilation can be predicted. Requirements to engineering networks constantly grow therefore it is necessary to approach object individually. The main document describing a complex of requirements to buildings of different function and their engineering systems are "The technical regulations about safety of buildings and constructions". In article 20 of this document "Requirements to ensuring quality of air" are stated Insufficient use in mass building of modern energy saving technologies leads to big costs of energy resources. После принятия федерального закона 261-ФЗ от 23 ноября 2009 г. «Об энергосбережении и повышении энергетической эффективности…» в России активизировалось проектирование и строительство энергоэффективных зданий, оснащенных энергоэкономичными системами жизнеобеспечения. Для их создания должны использоваться энергосберегающие технологии и материалы с энергоэффективными системами жизнеобеспечения. Одной из основных характеристик энергетической эффективности зданий принято считать удельный расход энергии на системы отопления и вентиляции помещений в год. К сожалению, мы значительно отстаем от большинства европейских стран по данному показателю.Снижение удельного расхода энергии на системы отопления и вентиляции можно прогнозировать. Требования к инженерным сетям постоянно растут, поэтому необходимо индивидуально подходить к объекту. Основным документом, описывающим комплекс требований к зданиям разного назначения и их инженерным системам, является «Технический регламент о безопасности зданий и сооружений». В статье 20 этого документа изложены «Требования к обеспечению качества воздуха» Недостаточное использование в массовом строительстве современных энергосберегающих технологий приводит к большим затратам на энергоресурсы.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    This paper examines the current condition and development prospects of the fuel and energy industry of the Kaliningrad region specified in regional programmes. The authors compare the potentials of different renewable energy sources and provide information on the exploitation of different renewable energy objects in the region. The article presents a preliminary assessment of the thermal capacity necessary for the residential area of an ecovillage with a population of 50,000 and suggests ensuring heat supply with the help of heat pumps. Рассмотрено современное состояние и перспективы развития топливно-энергетического комплекса Калининградской области, предусмотренные региональными программами. Проведено сравнение потенциалов различных возобновляемых энергетических ресурсов, собраны сведения об опыте эксплуатации объектов возобновляемой энергетики на данной территории. Осуществлены первичные оценки необходимых тепловых мощностей для жилого фонда экопоселка численностью 50 тыс. человек и предложен вариант его теплообеспечения от тепловых насосов.

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    The modern urban policy sets rather complex challenges connected with simultaneous depreciation of finished goods, works acceleration, improvement of design decisions, and also with improvement of quality, reliability and availability of housing for construction branch. Standard constructive solutions of elements now in use of the building are rather well studied and have an application vast experience in housing construction. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the greatest distribution was gained by constructive solutions of elements of the building, classical for mass housing construction, in particular, standard options of overlappings and coverings from monolithic and precast concrete concern to them. Well-known shortcomings of these versions of decisions can be compensated, realizing overlappings from assembly and monolithic the keramzitobetonnykh of blocks, to conforming all requirements for reliability and the heat-shielding allowing to receive the qualitative bearing building element with an optimum level of expenses and time in climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The proposed solutions will allow to reduce costs of 1 sq.m of overlapping to 1,5 2 times, to lose volume weight to 1,5-2 times of rather classical options from monolithic and precast concrete. The given results of the technical and economic analysis of the recommended options of overlappings (coverings) show their high efficiency and availability to projects of housing construction, including to the socially oriented housing financed from budgets of all levels. Современная градостроительная политика ставит перед строительной отраслью достаточно сложные задачи, связанные с одновременным снижением стоимости готовой продукции, ускорением производства работ, совершенствованием проектных решений, а также с повышением качества, надежности и доступности жилья. Используемые в настоящее время типовые конструктивные решения элементов здания достаточно хорошо изучены и имеют богатый опыт применения в жилищном строительстве. В Республике Башкортостан наибольшее распространение получили классические для массового жилищного строительства конструктивные решения элементов здания, в частности, к ним относятся типовые варианты перекрытий и покрытий из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Хорошо известные недостатки этих вариантов решений можно компенсировать, реализуя перекрытия из сборно-монолитных керамзитобетонных блоков, позволяющие получать качественный несущий элемент здания с оптимальным уровнем затрат и времени, соответствующие всем требованиям по надежности и теплозащиты в природно-климатических условиях Республики Башкортостан. Предлагаемые решения позволят сократить затраты на 1 м 2 перекрытия до 1,5 - 2 раз, снизить объемный вес до 1,5-2 раз относительно классических вариантов из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Приведенные результаты технико-экономического анализа рекомендованных вариантов перекрытий (покрытий) показывают их высокую эффективность и доступность для проектов жилищного строительства, в том числе для социально-ориентированного жилья, финансируемого из бюджетов всех уровней.

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    The article deals with the issues of sustainable development of rural areas in Russia and directions for the modernization of the rural economy. The changes in the functions of rural areas in terms of the demographic crisis and economic restructuring are shown in the paper. The article contains an analysis of the potential development of the rural areas. The possible directions of the state policy in the field of rural entrepreneurship are presented in the article. В статье исследуются вопросы устойчивого развития сельских территорий России и направления модернизации сельской экономики. Рассмотрено изменение функций сельских территорий в условиях демографического кризиса и структурной перестройки экономики. Проведен анализ потенциала развития сельских территорий. Представлены возможные направления государственной политики в области поддержки сельского предпринимательства.

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    Authors: Sokolskaya E., V.; Kochurov B., I.; Dolgov Yu., A.; Lobkovsky V., A.;

    The article considers mathematical approach to environmental quality management to improve the ecological comfort of living for the population. The problem of environmental management is described using a multi-factor model of quality of the environment with the weight coefficients of the importance of its components: atmospheric air, acoustic impact, soil, water resources, and green spaces, accessibility of natural and recreational areas. The values of weight coefficients of importance of influencing factors for environmentally comfortable living are determined by the method of expert assessment. A multi-factor model is used for detailed assessment of the ecological quality of the urban environment. The proposed quantitative approach also allows to compare the environmental comfort of the different residential districts or to study the dynamics of environmental comfort of specific urban area. Much attention is paid to scientific and methodological principles of management and the formation of the concept of «environmental quality». The strategy of environmental management with ecological foundation of various practical solution is shown. The plan of measures on organization of optimal management of quality of the environment to improve comfort of living for the population of the residential microdistrict of Tiraspol is presented. Graphical scheme of the results of integral analysis of various environmental indicators and assessments for improving the comfort of the environment is given. Realization of environmental quality management of the urban areas on the basis of a multi-factor model contributes to the gradual change of dangerous ecological conditions of environmental factors, to increase a comfort of the territory taking into account the real preferences and needs of the population.

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    Theoretical and Applied Ecology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Theoretical and Applied Ecology
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    В рамках современной системы международного климатического регулирования страны несут ответственность за выбросы парниковых газов, осуществляемые в результате хозяйственной деятельности на их территории, даже в том случае, если эмиссия происходит при производстве продукции, направляемой на экспорт. Напротив, импорт углеродоемкой продукции международными соглашениями никак не ограничивается. В данной работе на основе анализа межстрановых таблиц «затраты выпуск», представленных в базе данных WIOD, осуществлена оценка объема выбросов углекислого газа, осуществляемых при производстве продукции, экспортируемой Россией за рубеж («экспорта выбросов») и импортируемых в Россию из других стран («импорта выбросов»). Выявлено, что Россия является вторым в мире нетто-экспортером выбросов углекислого газа, причем подавляющее большинство выбросов направляется в форме экспортируемой продукции в развитые страны. Причинами высокой углеродоемкости российской экспортной продукции являются как технологическая отсталость от развитых стран, так и особенности товарной структуры внешней торговли России: ее экспорт состоит преимущественно из углеводородного сырья и энергоемких товаров, а импорт из продукции с относительно невысокой энергоемкостью. Значительные объемы нетто-экспорта выбросов делают Россию страной, интересам которой текущая схема учета выбросов отвечает в наименьшей степени. С одной стороны, Россия, как и другие крупные страны-нетто-экспортеры выбросов, заинтересована в пересмотре принципов распределения ответственности между производителями и потребителями углеродоемкой продукции. С другой стороны, существующая технологическая отсталость делает ее уязвимой перед лицом политики «углеродного протекционизма», которая может начать применяться в других государствах. According to current international climate change regime countries are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, which result from economic activities within national borders, including emissions from producing goods for exports. At the same time imports of carbon intensive goods are not regulated by international agreements. In this paper carbon emissions embodied in exports and imports of Russia were calculated with the use of inter-country input-output tables from WIOD database. It was revealed that Russia is the second largest exporter of emissions embodied in trade and the large portion of these emissions is directed to developed countries. The reasons for high carbon intensity of Russia's exports are obsolete technologies (in comparison to developed economies) and the structure of commodity trade: Russian exports primarily fossil fuels and energy-intensive goods and imports products with relatively low energy intensity. Because of large amount of net exports of carbon intensive goods the current approach to emissions accounting does not suit interests of Russia. On the one hand, Russia, as well as other large net emissions exporters, is interested in the revision of allocation of responsibility between producers and consumers of carbon intensive products. On the other hand, current technological backwardness makes Russia vulnerable to the policy of 'carbon protectionism', which can be implemented by its trade partners.

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    The «green» economy is one of the main problems in modern economy and environmental protection. This phenomenon has become to develop only at the end of the last century. The society started to realize limitation of natural resources. This article presents theoretical aspects of «green» economy. The historical periods of evolution of sustainable development and «green» economy in Russian and foreign literature were studied. The analysis of final documents of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development was carried out. The authors offer a methodical device for estimation the territory potential for transition to «green» economy in order to achieve sustainable development Отмечено, что «зеленая» экономика является одной из главных проблем в современной экономике и охране окружающей среды. Данное явление стало активно развиваться лишь в конце прошлого века, когда общество начало осознавать ограниченность природных ресурсов. Представлены теоретические аспекты «зеленой» экономики. Изучены исторические периоды становления устойчивого развития и «зеленой» экономики в отечественной и зарубежной литературе. Проведен анализ итоговых документов Конференций ООН по окружающей среде и устойчивому развитию. Предложен методический аппарат, позволяющий оценить потенциал территории для перехода к «зеленой» экономике с целью достижения устойчивого развития

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    Authors: M.A. Othuman Mydin;

    Building maintenance management is an organized and effective system of maintenance operations which is set up to deal with problems related to the upkeep of a building. Its goal, aside from locating and remedying a building’s deficiencies, is to effectively minimize the overall costs of maintenance and is also an effort to maximize the gain and benefits from the savings. There are a few factors that influence decisions to undertake maintenance work. The principal goal of maintenance is to protect a building in the early stage of issues as they arise. Some major reasons for maintaining a building include retaining its reputation and value of investments, maintaining the building in a condition which allows it to accomplish its purpose, and presenting a good outer shell. This paper will review and discuss some of the major elements of building maintenance towards achieving sustainable buildings.

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    Evropejskij Issledovatelʹ
    Article . 2014
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      Evropejskij Issledovatelʹ
      Article . 2014
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    Излагаются современное состояние вопроса: вероятностная природа аварий, пожаров и электротравматизма в электроустановках, концепция регламентированного приемлемого риска, его допустимый уровень. Техногенные опасности жилищно-коммунального комплекса и объектов распределительных электрических сетей 10-0,4 кВ остаются недостаточно изучены. Доказана актуальность темы исследования (массовое обслуживание населением этих объектов с высокой статистикой пожаров и электротравм). Сформирована цель исследования: разработка алгоритма управления уровнем риска, установление количественных оценок техногенных опасностей, расчет ущербов; обеспечение методической основы для прогнозирования риска и разработки мероприятий по снижению его уровня. Введены определения понятия системы сельских электрических сетей (СЭС), эффективности функционирования СЭС. Дано определение риска (риск — количественная оценка техногенной опасности). Интегральный риск учитывает материальный ущерб от опасного техногенного события и вероятность его возникновения, а также учитывает экологические, социальные и материальные аспекты риска. Представлена математическая модель интегрированного риска СЭС. Рассмотрена процедура анализа и управления интегральным риском из 7 этапов. Определена цель менеджмента риска. Алгоритм анализа и менеджмента интегрального риска иллюстрирован графическим изображением. На основе анализа риска разработана методика прогнозирования риска. Методика прогнозирования включает мероприятия по снижению уровня риска. Выводы: 1) увеличение числа аварий, отказов и травматизма в сельской энергетике делает актуальной проблему комплексного анализа уровня техногенной опасности (интегрированного риска); 2) на основе определения количественной оценки риска R представлена математическая модель интегрированного риска СЭС; 3) разработан алгоритм управления уровнем риска путем мониторинга информации техногенных опасностей; 4) на основе анализа риска разработана методика прогнозирования риска. Probable causes of accidents, fires and injures at electric installations are discussed. The concept of acceptable risk and its rate is dealt with. Technogenic hazards existing in housing sector and at distribution networks of the voltage from 10 to 0.4 kV have not been thoroughly studied. The research topic is relevant due to a high rate of fires and injures. The research purpose involves the development a risk management algorithm, quantitative rating of technogenic hazards, damage assessment, and the creation of the methodology for risk forecasting and reduction. A system of rural electric power networks is defined, and its efficient performance is discussed. Risk is defined as a quantitative rating of technogenic hazard. An integrated risk involves a material damage caused by a technogenic event and its probable occurrence, and also takes into consideration the environmental, social and economic aspects of the risk. A mathematical model of integrated risk of a rural power network is presented. The procedure of integrated risk analysis and management comprised of 7 stages is discussed. The algorithm of integrated risk analysis and management is shown. Risk analysis is used to develop risk forecast methodology. Risk forecasting methodology includes the measures to reduce the risks.

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    Authors: SHEINA SVETLANA; DIETMAR WINGAND; MATVEYKO ROMAN; TERYUKOVA LIDIA;

    This paper provides a brief overview of the implementation of integrated assessment of a territory for strategic planning and management of territory development. The evaluation criteria were defined for the conditions of development of Rostov region. The degree of intensity of individual factors of an evaluation site directly affects the selection of type of its functional use. The principal results were examined following the creation of information system “Management of territory development” for Rostov Region. There is a proposal to use an integrated multi-criteria assessment of territory for realization of the objectives of urban planning, design and management of territory development, including efficient allocation of industrial zones.

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    After adoption of the federal law 261-FZ of November 23, 2009. "About energy saving and increase of power efficiency …" in Russia design and construction of the power effective buildings equipped with energy-efficient life support systems became more active. For their creation energy saving technologies and materials with power effective life support systems have to be used. It is considered to be one of the main characteristics of power efficiency of buildings specific power consumption on systems of heating and ventilation of rooms in a year. Unfortunately, we considerably lag behind the majority of the European countries on this indicator. Decrease in specific power consumption on systems of heating and ventilation can be predicted. Requirements to engineering networks constantly grow therefore it is necessary to approach object individually. The main document describing a complex of requirements to buildings of different function and their engineering systems are "The technical regulations about safety of buildings and constructions". In article 20 of this document "Requirements to ensuring quality of air" are stated Insufficient use in mass building of modern energy saving technologies leads to big costs of energy resources. После принятия федерального закона 261-ФЗ от 23 ноября 2009 г. «Об энергосбережении и повышении энергетической эффективности…» в России активизировалось проектирование и строительство энергоэффективных зданий, оснащенных энергоэкономичными системами жизнеобеспечения. Для их создания должны использоваться энергосберегающие технологии и материалы с энергоэффективными системами жизнеобеспечения. Одной из основных характеристик энергетической эффективности зданий принято считать удельный расход энергии на системы отопления и вентиляции помещений в год. К сожалению, мы значительно отстаем от большинства европейских стран по данному показателю.Снижение удельного расхода энергии на системы отопления и вентиляции можно прогнозировать. Требования к инженерным сетям постоянно растут, поэтому необходимо индивидуально подходить к объекту. Основным документом, описывающим комплекс требований к зданиям разного назначения и их инженерным системам, является «Технический регламент о безопасности зданий и сооружений». В статье 20 этого документа изложены «Требования к обеспечению качества воздуха» Недостаточное использование в массовом строительстве современных энергосберегающих технологий приводит к большим затратам на энергоресурсы.

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