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The main objective of this study is to design and construct the new, spouted bed dryer, for food drying sensitive foods specially. For this purpose, firstly a new design of dryer was planned to achieve the maximum efficiency and flexibility for liquids and solids drying. After constructing and initial setup of spouted bed, basic experiments such as investigation of an inert particles motion, pressure drop, energy consumption were conducted and optimal system requirements for two particle size (5.8 & 7.8 mm) were determined. The results indicated that changes in pressure drop in the dryer chamber containing inert particles are followed from the Ergun equation. Energy consumption in this system is variable in the range of 3-8 kW per hour. Also results reveals that the energy consumption of the new design of spouted bed dryer is less than the spray dryer for liquid foods drying.

Caspian Sea is one of the most low-lying areas of the region which is located between latitudes 36.34 and 47.13 degrees north. Its considerable vast area and depth have provided an opportunity to gain renewable energy by different methods. This paper analyzes the performance and mechanism of a floating wave energy converter known as WaveStar, in the above-mentioned sea. Different parts of mechanism are examined under hydrodynamic forces of waves with certain periods and amplitudes. By using the frequency parameters, profile and velocity of the waves; and solving the governing dynamic equations for the model, the vibration response of system has been derived. The main part of this study is the investigation of the effect of changing the arm length, float diameter, wave period and wave amplitude on the structure using regular wave with Froude-Krylov force.

Background and aims: Inappropriate solid waste management industry in recent years has created a lot of risks. As a result, the health, safety and the humans environment is at risk for it. main objective of this study is solid waste management assessment of 10 large food industries in Tehran. Methods: This study is descriptive and sectional based on field visits, questionnaires, preparation of the database and the analysis of the results. The selected units were categorized based on ISWMI scale. The questionnaire consisted of 47 questions related with key elements of industrial solid waste management. This questions consist of 10 separate areas. 10 large industrial units of the food industry in Tehran were randomly selected. Results: The results showed that the index of selected industrial units based on ISWMI scale (based on100) is: 96 for J company (very good), 49 for A company (week), 85 for H and I company (very good), 72 for E, 77 for F and 80 for G (good), 57 for B, 63 for C and 64 for D company (moderate). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, industrial waste management situation in most of the selected units are above average. However it seems that factors such as a lack of senior management commitment and belief to implementation of the waste management system, the lack of requirement industrial units to employ an expert in environmental or environmental health and the lack of a comprehensive at the national level plan for waste management of the most effective factors to determine ISWMI values in industries.

Background and Aim: Among the medical wastes, dental wastes have a high diversity and due to its high contents of hazardous, toxic, and pathogenic agents, therefore these wastes are of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the amount of waste produced in dentistry offices in Birjand. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 48 dental offices in the city of Birjand were studied. Sampling was carried out by environmental health experts in three consecutive working days (Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday) from every center. The Samples were divided into 5 categories such as semi-domestic, infectious, chemical-pharmaceutical, toxic and sharp material, Separated and weighed using a laboratory scale. Information was expressed as percentage by weight. Results: Based on the results, the total amount of waste produced in dental offices in Birjand was 7848.02 kg / year. percentages of semi-domestic, infectious, chemical-pharmaceutical, sharp material, and toxic wastes were 54.3%, 29.7%, 11.8%, 3.9% and 0.11% respectively. Conclusion: Considering the high volume of dental waste, especially infectious and hazardous materials, the need for separation and recycling in the office is evident. It is necessary to manage the wastes and their separation and recycling in source place.

Background and aims: Providing the adequate flow and water pressure in the firefighting network of the power plants requires the proper design and analysis of the firefighting system. This study aimed to model and hydraulic analysis the fire network in a combined cycle power plant to determine the network efficiency in the extinguishing of the possible fire. Methods: In the present study, the amount of water needed for firefighting network was estimated for different sections of the power plant according to NFPA standard. Then, based on general piping maps, isometric, and technical specifications of the site, network modeling was done using WaterGEMS software. Finally, the network efficiency was analyzed to provide flow and water pressure in three possible scenarios. Results: The results of this study showed that the network and pumping station could provide pressure and water flow for cooling and foam production to extinguish the small and medium-sized fire. In special circumstances and with the occurrence of extensive fire, such as the advent of fire in all fuel tanks, the pressure in the network is reduced to 3.6 bar and the pressure to extinguish, spray water, and the foam is not supplied. In other words, the system will not have acceptable performance in large fire extinguishing. Conclusion: Hydraulic modeling of the fire network using WaterGEMS software, in addition to identifying the defects of the fire extinguishing system, it can provide the ability to analyze and design the network to deal with the consequences of fire in industrial environments during crisis situations properly.

The energy management of ships to improve the efficiency of ships and reduce greenhouse gas emissions is among the most important issues that have been considered as a milestone in designing and constructing of vessels in recent years. The study of energy trends and attention to technological changes and the importance of more stringent environmental standards in recent years have led to a major challenge in relation to air pollution, energy management, and exposure to end-of-life sources of fossil fuels. In recent years, focus on current fuels and technologies in vehicles has led to a major challenge regarding air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, energy security, and also exposure to exhausting sources of fossil fuels. Now days, Hybrid propulsion systems are one of the solutions that are being followed in many countries to solve this problem. In this paper, after introducing the hybrid system; conceptual design and determination of a suitable hybrid system for vessels have been investigated. Then the calculations and relations dominating the hybrid parallel system of vessel are presented. The modeling is also done using the ADVISOR software run in the Simulink platform of the MATLAB for both conventional and hybrid systems. The results show that parallel hybrid vessel has improved by 7% in total efficiency and 7.1% for consumption. In addition, HC and CO emissions have been decreased by 0.44% and 0.39%, respectively.

The marine and ocean energies are part of renewable energy that Wave energy converters (WECs) are used to extract them. Experimental modeling will be useful in evaluating their performance. In this research, the experimental model of an attenuator WEC is built in the Sea-Based Energy Research Group of the Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, and its performance is studied and evaluated in the wave tank of the university by applying the sea waves conditions. In this evaluation, the effects of wave amplitude and wave period on the average and maximum net power of the Wavestar system are investigated. According to the results, it was observed that in larger wave amplitudes (13 to 15), at 35 and 25 rpm, the maximum net power was close to each other and was 36.7 (Watts) and 31(Watts), respectively. Due to the irregular wave and possible damage to the system at 35 rpm, the wave amplitude of 15 and the speed of 25 rpm are chosen as the optimal mode for better performance of the system.

"n "nBackground and Objectives: Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) as a novel aerobic process for treatment of aniline synthetic wastewater as a hard biodegradable compound is commonly used in number of industrial processes. The objective of this paper is evaluation of MBBR in different conditions for treatment of aniline and determination of reaction kinetics."nMaterials and Methods: In the MBBRs, different carriers are used to maximize the active biofilm surface area in the reactors. In this study, the reactor was filled with Light Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) as carriers. Evaluation of the reactor efficiency was done at different retention time of 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours with an influent COD from 100 to 3500 mg/L (filling ratio of 50%). After obtaining removal efficiencies, effluent concentration of aniline was measured by adsorption spectrum and maladaptive municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge in batch conditions for confidence of aniline biodegradation and its adsorption to the sludge mass. "nResults:The maximum obtained removal efficiencies were 91% (influent COD=2000 mg/L) after 72 hours. Biodegradation of aniline in MBBR has been also approved by NMR spectrum tests. Finally experimental data has indicated that Grau second order model and Stover-Kincannon were the best models to describe substrate loading removal rate for aniline."nConclusion:biological treatment of aniline wastewater compared to other researchers methods.

In this paper, the governing equations of sea waves are analyzed nonlinearly and the energy extraction from the waves in the Lark and Faror islands in the Persian Gulf is determined. According to the data in the last 31 years, the waves of these two islands have the most incidence for the height of 0-0.4 m and 0.4-0.8 m corresponding for the time periodicity of 2.4-3 s and 3-3.6 s, respectively. Therefore, waves with an average period of 3 s and a height of 0.5 m are used in the design process. The Cylindrical Energy Transfer Oscillatory (CETO) mechanism is chosen and the conceptual design is carried out with an in-house FORTRAN code, in which the results are in favorable agreement with the available experimental data. Investigations show that optimum power production requires the range of 2.8 to 3.2 for the ratio of the height to the radius of the buoy. Also, it is possible to access 25 kW power for each mechanism in the optimum conditions.

Background and Objectives: The continuous increase in solid waste generation worldwide due to population growth and industrialization, calls for management strategies that integrate concerns for environmental sustainability. By quantifying environmental impacts of systems, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool which can contribute to answering that call. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental pollutants resulting from various treatment options including anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfill of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated daily in Tehran. Materials and Methods: First, the physical properties of the waste and consumption of inputs in the study area were determined from September to October, 2014- 2015. Then the different steps of LCA in relation to each of the subsystems were followed (with SimaPro software). Finally, the results based on the CML Baseline 2000 were presented and analyzed. Results: It was found that when the higher rate of separation and processing in any subsystems increases, the emission of environmental pollutants decreases, so that the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and abiotic depletion as the most important impact categories in the subsystems of anaerobic digestion were obtained as -125935 kg CO2/day, -449 kg SO2/day, -1690 kg PO43-/day and -0.43 kg Sb/day, respectively and in incineration were obtained as -264872 kg CO2/day, -974 kg SO2/day, -3471 kg PO43-/day and -0.76 kg Sb/day, respectively, while in the landfill subsystem, they were estimated to be 74478 kg CO2/day, 362 kg SO2/day, 118 kg PO43-/day, and 0.13 kg Sb/day, respectively. Conclusion: According to the constituent processes of each of the subsystems and the results of the evaluation of exhaust emissions subsystems, it can be concluded that in an integrated system of waste management, the energy-generating systems such as anaerobic digestion and incineration should be as the first priority and the traditional subsystems such as landfill should be as the last priority.