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The world, society and education are constantly evolving, and to respond to these changes, the main governmental institutions have been proposing different global strategies to focus efforts in the same direction. Currently, the United Nations and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have presented a series of indicators that could help to minimise the environmental, economic and social instability we are experiencing. In this sense, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been described as a fundamental factor. Specifically, in previous work, we argued that physical education (PE) could be a good tool to contribute to SDGs. Based on this, no research analysing the voices of Physical Education Teachers (PET) on how this contribution could be made has been identified in previous literature. Therefore, the objectives of this research are: (1) to analyse the voices and opinions of active PETs in terms of the knowledge they have about Sustainable Development (SD); (2) to determine their opinions about the contribution that PE could make to SDGs; and finally, (3) to identify the challenges and limitations of pedagogical action of SD in PE. For this purpose, a qualitative analysis through a semi-structured interview with 41 active PETs was carried out. The main findings will be presented and discussed around four themes: (a) agreement on the concept of sustainability; (b) PE can contribute to the achievement of SDGs; (c) ambiguity in applying SDGs to PE lessons; and (d) teachers’ constraints on how to implement SDGs in PE. It seems to indicate that PETs do not have a multidimensional vision of sustainable development. While they recognise the potential of PE to contribute to SDGs through awareness raising and student learning, they point to its pedagogical and formative constraints as the main barriers to being able to contribute. They pointed to a lack of knowledge on how to do so, guidelines on how to integrate ESD, lack of involvement, shortage of time or resources in school physical education.

M.S.S. Santos is grateful to Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for her PhD fellow (reference: SFRH/BD/104087/ 2014). Kashif Mushtaq is grateful to MIT Portugal Program for his doctoral grant (PD/BD/128041/2016) under the scope of the FCT. The authors would like to acknowledge to the FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI 01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors also acknowledge the Projects: i) POCI-01-0145- FEDER-006939 (LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – UID/EQU/00511/2013), funded by the ERDF, through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) and by nationals funds through FCT, ii) by the Project SunStorage - Harvesting and storage of solar energy”, with reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016387, funded by ERDF, through COMPETE 2020 –POCI), and by national funds, through FCT; (iii) Project PTDC/EQU-EQU/30510/2017 - POCI-01-0145- FEDER-030510 – Sunflow “Solar energy storage into redox flow batteries” funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES and iV) NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000005 – LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION, supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Norte 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the ERDF. The authors are indebted with all the colleagues who assisted in the laboratory work.

Although much is known about factors influencing short-term implementation, little is known about what factors are relevant for the long-term sustainment of innovations. In the Dutch National Quality Improvement Program for Palliative Care, innovations were implemented in 76 implementation projects.To give insight into the sustainment strategies used and factors facilitating and hindering sustainment.Online questionnaire with prestructured and open questions sent to the contact persons for 76 implementation projects, 2-6.5 years after the start.Information was gathered on 63 implementation projects (response 83%). Most projects took place in home care, general practices, and/or nursing homes. Sustainment was attained in 60% of the implementation projects. Six often applied strategies were statistically significantly related to sustainment: 1) realizing coherence between the innovation and the strategic policy of the organization; 2) arranging to have a specific professional responsible for the use of the innovation; 3) integrating the innovation into the organization's broader palliative care policy; 4) arranging accessibility of the innovation; 5) involving management in the implementation project; and 6) giving regular feedback about the implementation. In three-quarters of the projects, barriers and facilitators were encountered relating to characteristics of the care organizations, such as employee turnover and ratification of the project by the management.Applying the six strategies enhances sustainment. The organization plays a decisive role in the sustainment of innovations in palliative care. Engaging the management team in implementation projects from early onset is of utmost importance.

Abstract Since children are far more vulnerable than adults to the effects of air pollution and spend about a third of their day in school, strict control of indoor environments in educational buildings is paramount to properly identify, manage and mitigate putative environmental risks for children. In this context, this work aimed to provide a holistic view on the outcomes obtained from the national ARIA project, which was focused on broadening the knowledge on the effects on children’s health of the exposure to schools’ indoor air. In particular, this work performed a comprehensive investigation of the indoor air quality (IAQ) in 20 public primary schools located in Porto (Northern Region, Portugal). This paper presents the results of the investigation along with the recently published main outcomes of ARIA on (1) the characteristics of the environment surrounding the surveyed buildings, and (2) the school’s environment-related health effects in school-age children from the studied classrooms. The investigation consisted in an extensive assessment plan conducted in 71 classrooms to assess temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide and dioxide, particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, and ultrafine particles), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, airborne fungi, bacteria and endotoxins, and investigate their respective sources, during the cold seasons of 2014–2015. A series of studies was also launched to investigate school environment-related health detriments in 916 children. The results showed that comfort and ventilation issues and/or indoor pollutant levels that exceeded recommended limits were found in a substantial number of the classrooms surveyed. The high density of occupants, deficient ventilation, soil characteristics, presence of indoor pollution sources (e.g. classroom materials and consumer products) and outdoor pollution were some of the factors that seemed to explain the high air stuffiness and/or indoor pollution load identified in classrooms. In fact, some of indoor pollutants detected, even at low exposure levels, were associated with the development of respiratory symptoms in school-age children. Moreover, results from this work have also shown that the characteristics of the environment surrounding the schools, namely the presence of green spaces and species richness, can be major determinants of respiratory health among school-age children. Overall, the body of evidence generated from the ARIA project can support new evidence-based perspectives for promotion of health in educational buildings.

BackgroundCaffeine is frequently consumed with ethanol to reduce the impairing effects induced by ethanol, including psychomotor slowing or incoordination. Both drugs modulate dopamine (DA)‐related markers in accumbens (Acb), and Acb DA is involved in voluntary locomotion and locomotor sensitization. The present study determined whether caffeine can affect locomotion induced by acute and repeated ethanol administration in adult male CD‐1 mice.MethodsAcute administration of caffeine (7.5 to 30.0 mg/kg) was evaluated for its effects on acute ethanol‐induced (1.5 to 3.5 g/kg) changes in open‐field horizontal locomotion, supported rearing, and rearing not supported by the wall. DA receptor‐dependent phosphorylation markers were assessed: extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK), and dopamine‐and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein Mr32kDa phosphorylated at threonine 75 site (pDARPP‐32‐Thr75) in Acb core and shell. Acutely administered caffeine was also evaluated in ethanol‐sensitized (1.5 g/kg) mice.ResultsAcute ethanol decreased both types of rearing. Caffeine increased supported rearing but did not block ethanol ‐induced decreases in rearing. Both substances increased horizontal locomotion in a biphasic manner, and caffeine potentiated ethanol‐induced locomotion. Although ethanol administered repeatedly induced sensitization of locomotion and unsupported rearing, acute administration of caffeine to ethanol‐sensitized mice in an ethanol‐free state resulted in blunted stimulant effects compared with those seen in ethanol‐naïve mice. Ethanol increased pERK immunoreactivity in both subregions of the Acb, but coadministration with caffeine blunted this increase. There were no effects on pDARPP‐32(Thr75) immunoreactivity.ConclusionsThe present results demonstrated that, after the first administration, caffeine potentiated the stimulating actions of ethanol, but did not counteract its suppressant or ataxic effects. Moreover, our results show that caffeine has less activating effects in ethanol‐sensitized animals.

The search for sustainable alternative food sources has led to the expansion of aquaculture, with the proliferation of marine farms in more and more places, some of them very touristic. The installation of these farms in the waters of consolidated Sun and Beach tourist destinations represents a planning challenge, which requires consideration of the potential environmental and economic impacts of those activities on tourism attractions. This article critically analyzes the implementation of marine farms in the Costa Blanca (Alicante), one of the most consolidated Sun and Beach tourist destinations in the Mediterranean. The case study shows that the environmental impact studies and other documentation accompanying these projects do not include tourism aspects, which represents a deficiency that jeopardizes the economic and social sustainability of the projects. This work was supported by Excelencia para el profesorado universitario de la Universidad de Alcalá [grant number EPU-INV-UAH/2021/003].

We report on new fossils of chitinophosphatic brachiopods from Upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) marginal-marine clayey sands cropping out at La Serra (Tuscany, central Italy). Based on their morphological characters, these specimens are here assigned to the linguliform family Lingulidae and tentatively recognised as belonging to the extant genus Lingula. This is the first record of lingulides from the Mediterranean Pliocene, as well as the geologically youngest one from the Mediterranean Basin. Since the family Lingulidae has previously been reported from the upper Miocene of Italy, the occurrence of lingulides in the Pliocene of Tuscany evokes the persistence of lingulide brachiopods within the Mediterranean Sea during the Messinian Salinity Crisis or their recolonization of this basin shortly after the Miocene-to-Pliocene transition. The eventual extirpation of the family Lingulidae from the Mediterranean Sea could have resulted from the progressive cooling of seawater and loss of shallow-water coastal environments that occurred in Pleistocene times.

In nature, a multitude of factors influences the fitness of an organism at a given time, which makes single stressor assessments far from ecologically relevant scenarios. This study focused on the effects of water temperature and predation stress on the metabolism and body mass gain of a common intertidal rock pool fish, Gobius paganellus, addressing the following hypotheses: (1) the energy metabolism of G. paganellus under predation stress is reduced; (2) G. paganellus shows thermal compensation under heat stress; and (3) thermal stress is the dominant stressor that may override predation stress responses. Individuals were exposed to simulated predation stress and temperature increase from 20 °C to 29 °C, and both stressors combined. Physiological effects were addressed using biochemical biomarkers related with energy metabolism (isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, energy available, energy consumption rates), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation), and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferase). The results of this study revealed that predation stress reduced the cellular metabolism of G. paganellus, and enhanced storage of protein reserves. As hypothesized, hyperthermia decreased the aerobic mitochondrial metabolism, indicating thermal compensation mechanisms to resist against unfavourable temperatures. Hyperthermia was the dominant stressor overriding the physiological responses to predation stress. Both stressors combined might further have synergistically activated detoxification pathways, even though not strong enough to counteract lipid peroxidation and DNA damage completely. The synergistic effect of combined thermal and predation stress thus may not only increase the risk of being preyed upon, but also may indicate extra energy trade-off for the basal metabolism, which in turn may have ecologically relevant consequences for general body functions such as somatic growth and reproduction. The present findings clearly underline the ecological importance of multi-stressor assessments to provide a better and holistic picture of physiological responses towards more realistic evaluations of climate change consequences for intertidal populations.