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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira;Os sistemas energéticos modernos são complexas redes de exploração de recursos naturais, com sucessivos processos de conversão e transporte de energia e um elevado nível de perdas, cuja redução constitui uma fonte virtual de energia, que deve ser mais bem explorada, com vantagens econômicas e ambientais. Nestas notas se revisam os conceitos de perdas em sistemas energéticos e a evolução do marco institucional brasileiro para fomento do uso racional de energia, apresentando-se as perspectivas para a redução dos desperdícios de energia em alguns usos finais: refrigeração doméstica, aquecimento de água residencial, veículos leves e cogeração. São apresentados os potenciais totais estimados de economia de energia elétrica e combustíveis, desagregados por setores de consumo.Modern energy systems are complex exploitation networks of natural resources with successive conversion and energy transportation processes and a high level of losses. These losses constitute a virtual energy source that must be better exploited in order to provide economic and environmental advantages. Here, the concept of energy system loss and the evolution of Brazilian institutional framework to enhance the promotion of a rational use of energy will be presented, as well as the perspectives to reduce energy waste in end uses: domestic refrigeration, residential water heat, light vehicles and cogeneration. The estimated total capacities of electric energy and fuel economy (by consuming sectors) are also presented.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016Publisher:Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo Authors: Noboa-Romero, Pedro;El presente artículo es producto de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y analítica de los indicadores y objetivos encaminados al Desarrollo Sustentable. El objetivo principal de este ensayo consiste en analizar los indicadores de sustentabilidad: Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable (ODS), Objetivos del Milenio (ODM) y el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM); a través de la revisión de investigaciones y trabajos realizados en estas temáticas, con la finalidad de establecer los avances y resultados que se han generado durante la utilización de estos indicadores en el ámbito de salud, educación, tecnología y medio ambiente. Se pudo evidenciar que existe una desigualdad entre naciones, el enfoque está orientado a un desarrollo a corto plazo, beneficiando exclusivamente a las generaciones actuales, agotando los recursos naturales, sin considerar una visión a largo plazo para las futuras generaciones. The present article is product of a research qualitative, descriptive and analytical of the indicators and objectives aimed to the development sustainable. The main objective of this essay is to analyze sustainability indicators: index of human development (IDH), sustainable development goals (SDGS), objectives of the Millennium Goals (MDGS) and the index of Multidimensional poverty (IPM); through a review of research and work on these issues, in order to establish progress and results that have been generated during the use of these indicators in the field of health education, technology, and environment. Demonstrate that there is inequality between Nations, the approach is oriented to a development in the short term, benefit exclusively to current generations, exhausting natural resources, regardless of a vision in the long term for the future generations.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: José Galizia Tundisi;A crise atual da água tem muitos componentes de origem social, econômica e ambiental: usos excessivos da água, aumento de demanda, gerenciamento setorial e muito focado em quantidade. Contaminação da água, eutrofização e alterações no ciclo hidrológico em razão das mudanças globais são outros componentes. Para resolver esse conjunto de problemas e avançar estratégias de planejamento e gestão em longo prazo, os seguintes programas e abordagens são alguns mecanismos relevantes: a) Uma abordagem da bacia hidrográfica integrando gestão, planejamento e pesquisa científica; b) Um sistema avançado de governança dessas bacias hidrográficas com a participação de usuários, setor público e setor privado; c) Estudos estratégicos sobre água e economia, água em áreas metropolitanas, água e energia; d) Uma estrutura para cooperação internacional em bacias internacionais compartilhadas; e) Uma avaliação econômica dos serviços dos recursos hídricos (águas superficiais e subterrâneas, rios, lagos e represas); f) Programas de capacitação de gerentes com uma abordagem integrada, preditiva, técnica e tecnológica.The present water crisis has many components of an environmental, economical and social origin: overuses of water, pollution, changes in availability, water mismanagement are some of the current problems. To cope with these problems and advance strategies for long term management, the following programs and approaches are presented: a) A watershed approach, integrating research, monitoring, data bank and management; b) An improved water governance system based on participation of stakeholders, public and private sector; c) Strategic studies considering water and economy, water and metropolitan areas, water and energy; d) A framework for international cooperation on shared watersheds; e) An economic evaluation of services of water resources (surface and underground, lakes, rivers and reservoirs). f) A capacity building program for managers, with an integrated, predictive and hydrographic basin approach.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2017Publisher:Editorial Kimpres Rodrigo Sarmiento Suárez; Carolay Corredor; José Andrés Corredor; Javier Díaz; Samuel Osorio;El calentamiento global, que conlleva un incremento en el promedio y la varianza de la temperatura a nivel mundial, se ha asociado a una gran variedad de efectos agudos y crónicos sobre la salud, los cuales han sido descritos en la ciudad de Bogotá. Este aumento de la temperatura podría estar asociado a una mayor frecuencia de eventos cardiovasculares, respiratorios y neurológicos, como la cefalea en ráfagas (CR). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las variaciones de temperatura y la ocurrencia diaria de episodios de cefalea en ráfagas, a través del análisis ecológico de series de tiempo en el periodo comprendido entre 2009-2013 en Bogotá. Este diseño utilizó los datos diarios de consultas de urgencia por CR y su relación con los valores diarios de variables meteorológicas y contaminantes criterio durante 5 años. El análisis estadístico incluyó el resumen descriptivo de las variables, posteriormente el análisis bivariado con pruebas de correlación, autocorrelación y correlación cruzada y por último el análisis multivariado mediante una regresión dinámica de Poisson y el modelo no lineal de rezagos distribuidos. Se encontró una correlación con un comportamiento cíclico entre cefalea en ráfagas con amplitud térmica (Rho=0,054, p<0,05) y temperatura máxima (Rho=0,050, p<0,05). En el modelo multivariado, se observó una influencia alta tanto de la amplitud térmica (β=0,11, IC95% 0,07 a 0,16), como de la temperatura máxima (β=0,14, IC95% 0,08 a 0,20) en la incidencia de CR. La amplitud térmica y la temperatura máxima podrían ser un desencadenante de los episodios de cefalea en ráfagas, pero futuros estudios deben explorar la relación de las crisis de acuerdo a las islas de calor en Bogotá y explorar las asociaciones con estudios a nivel individual. _______________________ 1. MD MPH MSc, Coordinador Área Salud y Sociedad, Grupo Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas y Genética Aplicada GIBGA, Programa Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA). 2 Bact. Esp. Línea de Cambio Climático, Hospital Chapinero ESE. 3 Ing. Magister Gestión Ambiental, Grupo Vigilancia Sanitaria y Ambiental, Subdirección Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá. 4 Biólogo Msc Programa Ingeniería Geográfica y Ambiental, Universidad Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA). 5 MD MSc, Coordinador Área Investigación Formativa, Grupo Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas y Genética Aplicada GIBGA, Programa Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA). ________________________ CLUSTER HEADACHE ATTACKS ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS IN BOGOTÁ 2009-2013 ABSTRACT Global warming has been linked to the increase of both average and variance of temperature which has been associated with a variety of acute and chronic health effects and Bogotá has not been the exception. This temperature increase might be related to a greater incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological outcomes, as cluster headache. Aim of this study was to assess the association between temperature fluctuations and daily incidence of cluster headache, through a time series analysis of the cases from 2009 to 2013. An ecological design was carried out with daily emergency admissions of cluster headache and daily values of meteorological and pollutants in Bogota. Statistical analysis included a descriptive summary of variables, a bivariate analysis with correlation, crossed correlations and autocorrelations tests and multivariate analysis by Poisson regression models and distributed lag nonlinear models. A cyclic behavior was observed, with a correlation between cluster headache and thermal amplitude (Rho=0.054, p<0.05) and with maximum temperature Rho=0.050, p<0.05), which persisted in the multivariate analysis: thermal amplitude (β=0.11, CI 95% 0.07 a 0.16), and maximum temperature (β=0.14, IC95% 0, 08 a 0, 20). Thermal amplitude and maximum temperature might be a trigger of cluster headache, but future studies should explore +this association at individual level and in the urban heat islands.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos; Murilo Tadeu Werneck Fagá; Clara Bonomi Barufi; Paul Louis Poulallion;Este trabalho discute o papel do gás natural no Brasil e no mundo, sugerindo que a humanidade está no caminho de construir o que se pode chamar de "Civilização do gás". Parte-se de um breve panorama da realidade energética internacional, comparando-se vários cenários, de instituições de reconhecida competência, que procuram descrever possibilidades para o futuro energético do planeta. Uma análise comparada desses cenários permite identificar o consumo crescente do gás natural como uma das tendências fortes para os próximos vinte a cinqüenta anos. Em seguida, introduz-se o conceito de "Civilização do gás", apresentando alguns elementos que o justificam. Oferece-se, então, uma perspectiva brasileira do problema. A partir de antecedentes históricos da indústria do gás no Brasil, apresenta-se uma visão crítica sobre o futuro dos gases combustíveis na matriz energética nacional.This work discusses the role of natural gas in Brazil and in the world, suggesting that the humanity is building up a kind of Gas Civilization. The text starts with a brief panorama of the international energy reality comparing several scenarios proposed by recognized institutions, and which try to describe possibilities for the future of energy in the planet. Such comparative analysis allows identifying the growing consumption of natural gas as a strong energy trend for the next 20 to 50 years. Then, the concept of Gas Civilization is introduced, presenting some elements justifying it. Following, the article offers a Brazilian perspective of the problem, starting from the historical antecedents of the gas industry in Brazil, and developing a critical vision regarding the future role of the combustible gases in the Brazilian energy mix.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Isaias C. Macedo;Nos últimos trinta anos, a produção de etanol da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil avançou para 17 milhões de metros cúbicos, com perspectivas de atingir 35,7 milhões de metros cúbicos em 2012-2013. Esse crescimento ocorreu com grande aporte de tecnologia, por meio de geração, importação, adaptação e transferência interna. Uma análise das diferentes fases desse desenvolvimento é apresentada, com a evolução dos parâmetros tecnológicos e a grande competitividade atingida. A visão atual é que o setor poderá continuar a evoluir com melhorias contínuas ainda de modo importante, mas grandes "saltos" tecnológicos são possíveis mediante o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para o melhor uso da biomassa residual da cana (cerca de dois terços da biomassa total). Os estudos em curso indicam que a contribuição da cana para o suprimento de energia poderá ser muito superior (e diversificada) que a atual, e poderá ocorrer em paralelo com o desenvolvimento de biorrefinarias, levando a produtos de maior valor agregado.In the last 30 years, the production of ethanol from sugar cane in Brazil reached 17 million cubic meters and it is expected to achieve 35.7 million cubic meters by 2012-2013. This growth has taken place due to great technological support by means of production, imports, adaptations and internal transferences. An analysis of the different phases of this development, with the evolution of its technological parameters and the great competition of the sector, is presented in the article. Nowadays, foresights state that the sector may keep evolving with continuous improvements, but sudden technological boosts are also possible through the development of technologies directed towards a better use of the residual biomass of sugar cane (which represents about two thirds of the total biomass). Studies in progress indicate that the sugar cane contribution to energy supply may be superior and more diversified than the current one. They also affirm that this may happen together with bio-refinery development, which will result in products of higher aggregate values.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Guilherme Leite da Silva Dias;Esta nota procura mostrar a natureza da regulação de combustíveis no Brasil dentro de um monopólio de fato, com preços casados para os biocombustíveis em relação a seus substitutos fósseis mais próximos. Isso cria um ambiente de remuneração para o biodiesel muito baixo, além de subordiná-lo à logística de distribuição do monopólio. Um ambiente fora do monopólio, isento de carga fiscal e de comercialização a curtas distâncias, seria mais adequado para o ambiente requerido de incentivos para a inovação tecnológica.The regulatory framework for fuels in Brazil is an effective monopoly, with matching prices for close substitutes. Biodiesel prices are unattractive because domestic diesel prices are below international relative oil prices, transportation logistics burden furthermore with unnecessary routes designed for fossil fuels, beyond heavy indirect taxation. An alternative framework, without taxation, for short distance supply, with a large variety of raw materials is better suited for technological innovation.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2009Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Oswaldo Lucon; José Goldemberg;A recente crise financeira global traz consigo efeitos como a redução da atividade econômica e, consequentemente, do consumo de energia. Essa pode ser uma importante oportunidade para reorganizar o sistema energético em bases mais sólidas e sustentáveis: a eficiência, a maior participação das fontes renováveis e a descentralização da produção de energia. O Brasil e outros países em desenvolvimento podem aproveitar a experiência dos países desenvolvidos em eficiência energética, complementando com um programa vigoroso em energias renováveis, particularmente as "modernas" (eólica, solar, biomassa e pequenas hidrelétricas). Entretanto, preocupa o cenário inercial nacional, baseado num aumento da participação das fontes fósseis de energia na matriz, na priorização dos recursos à exploração de petróleo e gás natural e na manutenção de padrões insustentáveis de produção e consumo.The recent global financial crisis brings about effects such as a reduction in the economic activity and consequently in energy consumption. This may be an important opportunity to reorganize the energy system under more solid and sustainable foundations: efficiency, higher share of renewables and decentralized energy production. Brazil and other developing countries can leapfrog the experience acquired by developed nations in energy efficiency, complementing with a vigorous program in renewables, particularly the "modern" (wind, solar, biomass and small hydros). However, there is a concern about the inertial Brazilian scenario, based on an increasing share of fossil fuels in the matrix, in prioritizing resources to oil and gas exploration and in the continuing unsustainable patterns of production and consumption.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016Publisher:Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición Authors: Ruiz Montero, Pedro Jesús; Martín Moya, Ricardo;Las mujeres mayores de ámbito rural presentan un marcado rol de trabajo familiar y agrícola, tipo de ingesta específica y diverso aprovechamiento del tiempo libre. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar las diferencias entre los tipos de alimentos consumidos y características tanto clínicas como socio-demográficas que poseen los grupos de mujeres mayores de poblaciones rurales en función del gasto energético durante la práctica de actividad física en su tiempo libre. Un total de 117 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 79 años, que asistían a un programa de condición física en poblaciones rurales pequeñas y medianas en la provincia de Málaga (España), fueron clasificas en función del gasto energético utilizado: sedentarias (inferior a 1.250METs-min/14 días), moderadamente activas (1.250-2.999 METs-min/14 días), activas (3.000-4.999 METs-min/14 días) y muy activas (superior a 5.000 METs-min/14 días). Se evaluaron las características socio-demográficas y clínicas de las participantes (índice de masa corporal, hipertensión y hábitos alimentarios. Los resultados indican que las participantes de más edad son las sedentarias y las muy activas (p<0.001), teniendo mayor peso e índice de masa corporal las primeras (p<0.001; p<0.01, respectivamente) y consumiendo más verdura las participantes que son moderadamente activas (p<0.01). Como conclusión, una dieta rica en verduras, fruta y el control en la ingesta de carne roja podría inferir en una disminución del IMC de las participantes. Dietary intake and physical activity in leisure time of adultelderly women in Mediterranean rural areas. Elderly women in rural areas have a strong role in household and farming work, and they show food intake and use of leisure time. It is interesting to compare the differences between groups of elderly women of rural villages according to type of consumed food and energy expenditure during physical activity. A total of 117 women aged between 60 and 79 years who attended a physical fitness program in rural areas of Malaga province (Spain) participated in this study. The participants were classified in different energy expenditure groups: sedentary (less than 1.250METs-min/14 days), moderately active (1.250-2.999 METs-min/14 days), active (3.000- 4.999 METs-min/14 days) and highly active (over 5.000 METs-min/14 days). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants (body mass index hypertension and food habits) were measured. The results indicate that the oldest participants are in the sedentary group or in the highly active group (p<0.001). In addition, the sedentary group shows higher weight and body mass index (p<0.001; p<0.01, respectively), and the moderately active group consumes more vegetables (p<0.01). In conclusion, a rich diet of vegetables, fruits with a control of red meat intake could induce to decrease of BMI in participants.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: José Antônio Marengo;O presente documento constitui uma revisão do estado da arte do conhecimento sobre mudanças de clima e água no Brasil e na América do Sul. Discutem-se alguns dos resultados dos estudos do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) e do Relatório de Clima do Inpe em relação a estudos obervacionais de variabilidade de clima e projeções de clima e das componentes do ciclo hidrológico até finais do século XXI, para as principais bacias hidrográficas no continente. Um dos aspectos importantes discutidos neste informe refere-se aos aspectos econômico e gerencial do recurso água nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, e como isso pode mudar num cenário de mudanças de clima.This study constitutes a review of the state-of-the-art on knowledge about climate change and water in Brazil and South America. We discuss some of the results of the studies by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Inpe's Climate Report on observational studies of climate variability and future projections of change in climate and on the components of the hydrological cycle, until the end of the XXI Century, for the major basins in the continent. One of the main aspects of this document is on the economical and management aspects of water resources in different regions of Brazil, and how that may change in a climate change scenario.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira;Os sistemas energéticos modernos são complexas redes de exploração de recursos naturais, com sucessivos processos de conversão e transporte de energia e um elevado nível de perdas, cuja redução constitui uma fonte virtual de energia, que deve ser mais bem explorada, com vantagens econômicas e ambientais. Nestas notas se revisam os conceitos de perdas em sistemas energéticos e a evolução do marco institucional brasileiro para fomento do uso racional de energia, apresentando-se as perspectivas para a redução dos desperdícios de energia em alguns usos finais: refrigeração doméstica, aquecimento de água residencial, veículos leves e cogeração. São apresentados os potenciais totais estimados de economia de energia elétrica e combustíveis, desagregados por setores de consumo.Modern energy systems are complex exploitation networks of natural resources with successive conversion and energy transportation processes and a high level of losses. These losses constitute a virtual energy source that must be better exploited in order to provide economic and environmental advantages. Here, the concept of energy system loss and the evolution of Brazilian institutional framework to enhance the promotion of a rational use of energy will be presented, as well as the perspectives to reduce energy waste in end uses: domestic refrigeration, residential water heat, light vehicles and cogeneration. The estimated total capacities of electric energy and fuel economy (by consuming sectors) are also presented.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016Publisher:Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo Authors: Noboa-Romero, Pedro;El presente artículo es producto de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y analítica de los indicadores y objetivos encaminados al Desarrollo Sustentable. El objetivo principal de este ensayo consiste en analizar los indicadores de sustentabilidad: Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable (ODS), Objetivos del Milenio (ODM) y el Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM); a través de la revisión de investigaciones y trabajos realizados en estas temáticas, con la finalidad de establecer los avances y resultados que se han generado durante la utilización de estos indicadores en el ámbito de salud, educación, tecnología y medio ambiente. Se pudo evidenciar que existe una desigualdad entre naciones, el enfoque está orientado a un desarrollo a corto plazo, beneficiando exclusivamente a las generaciones actuales, agotando los recursos naturales, sin considerar una visión a largo plazo para las futuras generaciones. The present article is product of a research qualitative, descriptive and analytical of the indicators and objectives aimed to the development sustainable. The main objective of this essay is to analyze sustainability indicators: index of human development (IDH), sustainable development goals (SDGS), objectives of the Millennium Goals (MDGS) and the index of Multidimensional poverty (IPM); through a review of research and work on these issues, in order to establish progress and results that have been generated during the use of these indicators in the field of health education, technology, and environment. Demonstrate that there is inequality between Nations, the approach is oriented to a development in the short term, benefit exclusively to current generations, exhausting natural resources, regardless of a vision in the long term for the future generations.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: José Galizia Tundisi;A crise atual da água tem muitos componentes de origem social, econômica e ambiental: usos excessivos da água, aumento de demanda, gerenciamento setorial e muito focado em quantidade. Contaminação da água, eutrofização e alterações no ciclo hidrológico em razão das mudanças globais são outros componentes. Para resolver esse conjunto de problemas e avançar estratégias de planejamento e gestão em longo prazo, os seguintes programas e abordagens são alguns mecanismos relevantes: a) Uma abordagem da bacia hidrográfica integrando gestão, planejamento e pesquisa científica; b) Um sistema avançado de governança dessas bacias hidrográficas com a participação de usuários, setor público e setor privado; c) Estudos estratégicos sobre água e economia, água em áreas metropolitanas, água e energia; d) Uma estrutura para cooperação internacional em bacias internacionais compartilhadas; e) Uma avaliação econômica dos serviços dos recursos hídricos (águas superficiais e subterrâneas, rios, lagos e represas); f) Programas de capacitação de gerentes com uma abordagem integrada, preditiva, técnica e tecnológica.The present water crisis has many components of an environmental, economical and social origin: overuses of water, pollution, changes in availability, water mismanagement are some of the current problems. To cope with these problems and advance strategies for long term management, the following programs and approaches are presented: a) A watershed approach, integrating research, monitoring, data bank and management; b) An improved water governance system based on participation of stakeholders, public and private sector; c) Strategic studies considering water and economy, water and metropolitan areas, water and energy; d) A framework for international cooperation on shared watersheds; e) An economic evaluation of services of water resources (surface and underground, lakes, rivers and reservoirs). f) A capacity building program for managers, with an integrated, predictive and hydrographic basin approach.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2017Publisher:Editorial Kimpres Rodrigo Sarmiento Suárez; Carolay Corredor; José Andrés Corredor; Javier Díaz; Samuel Osorio;El calentamiento global, que conlleva un incremento en el promedio y la varianza de la temperatura a nivel mundial, se ha asociado a una gran variedad de efectos agudos y crónicos sobre la salud, los cuales han sido descritos en la ciudad de Bogotá. Este aumento de la temperatura podría estar asociado a una mayor frecuencia de eventos cardiovasculares, respiratorios y neurológicos, como la cefalea en ráfagas (CR). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre las variaciones de temperatura y la ocurrencia diaria de episodios de cefalea en ráfagas, a través del análisis ecológico de series de tiempo en el periodo comprendido entre 2009-2013 en Bogotá. Este diseño utilizó los datos diarios de consultas de urgencia por CR y su relación con los valores diarios de variables meteorológicas y contaminantes criterio durante 5 años. El análisis estadístico incluyó el resumen descriptivo de las variables, posteriormente el análisis bivariado con pruebas de correlación, autocorrelación y correlación cruzada y por último el análisis multivariado mediante una regresión dinámica de Poisson y el modelo no lineal de rezagos distribuidos. Se encontró una correlación con un comportamiento cíclico entre cefalea en ráfagas con amplitud térmica (Rho=0,054, p<0,05) y temperatura máxima (Rho=0,050, p<0,05). En el modelo multivariado, se observó una influencia alta tanto de la amplitud térmica (β=0,11, IC95% 0,07 a 0,16), como de la temperatura máxima (β=0,14, IC95% 0,08 a 0,20) en la incidencia de CR. La amplitud térmica y la temperatura máxima podrían ser un desencadenante de los episodios de cefalea en ráfagas, pero futuros estudios deben explorar la relación de las crisis de acuerdo a las islas de calor en Bogotá y explorar las asociaciones con estudios a nivel individual. _______________________ 1. MD MPH MSc, Coordinador Área Salud y Sociedad, Grupo Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas y Genética Aplicada GIBGA, Programa Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA). 2 Bact. Esp. Línea de Cambio Climático, Hospital Chapinero ESE. 3 Ing. Magister Gestión Ambiental, Grupo Vigilancia Sanitaria y Ambiental, Subdirección Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá. 4 Biólogo Msc Programa Ingeniería Geográfica y Ambiental, Universidad Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA). 5 MD MSc, Coordinador Área Investigación Formativa, Grupo Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas y Genética Aplicada GIBGA, Programa Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA). ________________________ CLUSTER HEADACHE ATTACKS ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS IN BOGOTÁ 2009-2013 ABSTRACT Global warming has been linked to the increase of both average and variance of temperature which has been associated with a variety of acute and chronic health effects and Bogotá has not been the exception. This temperature increase might be related to a greater incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological outcomes, as cluster headache. Aim of this study was to assess the association between temperature fluctuations and daily incidence of cluster headache, through a time series analysis of the cases from 2009 to 2013. An ecological design was carried out with daily emergency admissions of cluster headache and daily values of meteorological and pollutants in Bogota. Statistical analysis included a descriptive summary of variables, a bivariate analysis with correlation, crossed correlations and autocorrelations tests and multivariate analysis by Poisson regression models and distributed lag nonlinear models. A cyclic behavior was observed, with a correlation between cluster headache and thermal amplitude (Rho=0.054, p<0.05) and with maximum temperature Rho=0.050, p<0.05), which persisted in the multivariate analysis: thermal amplitude (β=0.11, CI 95% 0.07 a 0.16), and maximum temperature (β=0.14, IC95% 0, 08 a 0, 20). Thermal amplitude and maximum temperature might be a trigger of cluster headache, but future studies should explore +this association at individual level and in the urban heat islands.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos; Murilo Tadeu Werneck Fagá; Clara Bonomi Barufi; Paul Louis Poulallion;Este trabalho discute o papel do gás natural no Brasil e no mundo, sugerindo que a humanidade está no caminho de construir o que se pode chamar de "Civilização do gás". Parte-se de um breve panorama da realidade energética internacional, comparando-se vários cenários, de instituições de reconhecida competência, que procuram descrever possibilidades para o futuro energético do planeta. Uma análise comparada desses cenários permite identificar o consumo crescente do gás natural como uma das tendências fortes para os próximos vinte a cinqüenta anos. Em seguida, introduz-se o conceito de "Civilização do gás", apresentando alguns elementos que o justificam. Oferece-se, então, uma perspectiva brasileira do problema. A partir de antecedentes históricos da indústria do gás no Brasil, apresenta-se uma visão crítica sobre o futuro dos gases combustíveis na matriz energética nacional.This work discusses the role of natural gas in Brazil and in the world, suggesting that the humanity is building up a kind of Gas Civilization. The text starts with a brief panorama of the international energy reality comparing several scenarios proposed by recognized institutions, and which try to describe possibilities for the future of energy in the planet. Such comparative analysis allows identifying the growing consumption of natural gas as a strong energy trend for the next 20 to 50 years. Then, the concept of Gas Civilization is introduced, presenting some elements justifying it. Following, the article offers a Brazilian perspective of the problem, starting from the historical antecedents of the gas industry in Brazil, and developing a critical vision regarding the future role of the combustible gases in the Brazilian energy mix.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Isaias C. Macedo;Nos últimos trinta anos, a produção de etanol da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil avançou para 17 milhões de metros cúbicos, com perspectivas de atingir 35,7 milhões de metros cúbicos em 2012-2013. Esse crescimento ocorreu com grande aporte de tecnologia, por meio de geração, importação, adaptação e transferência interna. Uma análise das diferentes fases desse desenvolvimento é apresentada, com a evolução dos parâmetros tecnológicos e a grande competitividade atingida. A visão atual é que o setor poderá continuar a evoluir com melhorias contínuas ainda de modo importante, mas grandes "saltos" tecnológicos são possíveis mediante o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para o melhor uso da biomassa residual da cana (cerca de dois terços da biomassa total). Os estudos em curso indicam que a contribuição da cana para o suprimento de energia poderá ser muito superior (e diversificada) que a atual, e poderá ocorrer em paralelo com o desenvolvimento de biorrefinarias, levando a produtos de maior valor agregado.In the last 30 years, the production of ethanol from sugar cane in Brazil reached 17 million cubic meters and it is expected to achieve 35.7 million cubic meters by 2012-2013. This growth has taken place due to great technological support by means of production, imports, adaptations and internal transferences. An analysis of the different phases of this development, with the evolution of its technological parameters and the great competition of the sector, is presented in the article. Nowadays, foresights state that the sector may keep evolving with continuous improvements, but sudden technological boosts are also possible through the development of technologies directed towards a better use of the residual biomass of sugar cane (which represents about two thirds of the total biomass). Studies in progress indicate that the sugar cane contribution to energy supply may be superior and more diversified than the current one. They also affirm that this may happen together with bio-refinery development, which will result in products of higher aggregate values.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2007Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Guilherme Leite da Silva Dias;Esta nota procura mostrar a natureza da regulação de combustíveis no Brasil dentro de um monopólio de fato, com preços casados para os biocombustíveis em relação a seus substitutos fósseis mais próximos. Isso cria um ambiente de remuneração para o biodiesel muito baixo, além de subordiná-lo à logística de distribuição do monopólio. Um ambiente fora do monopólio, isento de carga fiscal e de comercialização a curtas distâncias, seria mais adequado para o ambiente requerido de incentivos para a inovação tecnológica.The regulatory framework for fuels in Brazil is an effective monopoly, with matching prices for close substitutes. Biodiesel prices are unattractive because domestic diesel prices are below international relative oil prices, transportation logistics burden furthermore with unnecessary routes designed for fossil fuels, beyond heavy indirect taxation. An alternative framework, without taxation, for short distance supply, with a large variety of raw materials is better suited for technological innovation.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2009Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: Oswaldo Lucon; José Goldemberg;A recente crise financeira global traz consigo efeitos como a redução da atividade econômica e, consequentemente, do consumo de energia. Essa pode ser uma importante oportunidade para reorganizar o sistema energético em bases mais sólidas e sustentáveis: a eficiência, a maior participação das fontes renováveis e a descentralização da produção de energia. O Brasil e outros países em desenvolvimento podem aproveitar a experiência dos países desenvolvidos em eficiência energética, complementando com um programa vigoroso em energias renováveis, particularmente as "modernas" (eólica, solar, biomassa e pequenas hidrelétricas). Entretanto, preocupa o cenário inercial nacional, baseado num aumento da participação das fontes fósseis de energia na matriz, na priorização dos recursos à exploração de petróleo e gás natural e na manutenção de padrões insustentáveis de produção e consumo.The recent global financial crisis brings about effects such as a reduction in the economic activity and consequently in energy consumption. This may be an important opportunity to reorganize the energy system under more solid and sustainable foundations: efficiency, higher share of renewables and decentralized energy production. Brazil and other developing countries can leapfrog the experience acquired by developed nations in energy efficiency, complementing with a vigorous program in renewables, particularly the "modern" (wind, solar, biomass and small hydros). However, there is a concern about the inertial Brazilian scenario, based on an increasing share of fossil fuels in the matrix, in prioritizing resources to oil and gas exploration and in the continuing unsustainable patterns of production and consumption.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016Publisher:Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición Authors: Ruiz Montero, Pedro Jesús; Martín Moya, Ricardo;Las mujeres mayores de ámbito rural presentan un marcado rol de trabajo familiar y agrícola, tipo de ingesta específica y diverso aprovechamiento del tiempo libre. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar las diferencias entre los tipos de alimentos consumidos y características tanto clínicas como socio-demográficas que poseen los grupos de mujeres mayores de poblaciones rurales en función del gasto energético durante la práctica de actividad física en su tiempo libre. Un total de 117 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 79 años, que asistían a un programa de condición física en poblaciones rurales pequeñas y medianas en la provincia de Málaga (España), fueron clasificas en función del gasto energético utilizado: sedentarias (inferior a 1.250METs-min/14 días), moderadamente activas (1.250-2.999 METs-min/14 días), activas (3.000-4.999 METs-min/14 días) y muy activas (superior a 5.000 METs-min/14 días). Se evaluaron las características socio-demográficas y clínicas de las participantes (índice de masa corporal, hipertensión y hábitos alimentarios. Los resultados indican que las participantes de más edad son las sedentarias y las muy activas (p<0.001), teniendo mayor peso e índice de masa corporal las primeras (p<0.001; p<0.01, respectivamente) y consumiendo más verdura las participantes que son moderadamente activas (p<0.01). Como conclusión, una dieta rica en verduras, fruta y el control en la ingesta de carne roja podría inferir en una disminución del IMC de las participantes. Dietary intake and physical activity in leisure time of adultelderly women in Mediterranean rural areas. Elderly women in rural areas have a strong role in household and farming work, and they show food intake and use of leisure time. It is interesting to compare the differences between groups of elderly women of rural villages according to type of consumed food and energy expenditure during physical activity. A total of 117 women aged between 60 and 79 years who attended a physical fitness program in rural areas of Malaga province (Spain) participated in this study. The participants were classified in different energy expenditure groups: sedentary (less than 1.250METs-min/14 days), moderately active (1.250-2.999 METs-min/14 days), active (3.000- 4.999 METs-min/14 days) and highly active (over 5.000 METs-min/14 days). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of participants (body mass index hypertension and food habits) were measured. The results indicate that the oldest participants are in the sedentary group or in the highly active group (p<0.001). In addition, the sedentary group shows higher weight and body mass index (p<0.001; p<0.01, respectively), and the moderately active group consumes more vegetables (p<0.01). In conclusion, a rich diet of vegetables, fruits with a control of red meat intake could induce to decrease of BMI in participants.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2008Publisher:Universidade de São Paulo Authors: José Antônio Marengo;O presente documento constitui uma revisão do estado da arte do conhecimento sobre mudanças de clima e água no Brasil e na América do Sul. Discutem-se alguns dos resultados dos estudos do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) e do Relatório de Clima do Inpe em relação a estudos obervacionais de variabilidade de clima e projeções de clima e das componentes do ciclo hidrológico até finais do século XXI, para as principais bacias hidrográficas no continente. Um dos aspectos importantes discutidos neste informe refere-se aos aspectos econômico e gerencial do recurso água nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, e como isso pode mudar num cenário de mudanças de clima.This study constitutes a review of the state-of-the-art on knowledge about climate change and water in Brazil and South America. We discuss some of the results of the studies by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Inpe's Climate Report on observational studies of climate variability and future projections of change in climate and on the components of the hydrological cycle, until the end of the XXI Century, for the major basins in the continent. One of the main aspects of this document is on the economical and management aspects of water resources in different regions of Brazil, and how that may change in a climate change scenario.
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