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Rapid urbanization combined with high economic growth, industrialization, and changes in socio-economic conditions increase the quantity of municipal solid waste. Cities located in South-Asia are facing serious issues due to waste, with countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan top of the list of bad waste management. The increasing generation of solid waste and also the improper management of waste in Bangladesh leads to environmental degradation. Current waste management practice in Bangladesh is so weak that day by day it is harming the climate and creating a lot of unwanted situations. This research consists of an examination of the current administrative measures and presents another proposition for the executive cycle to decrease ecological contamination. The research study aims to decrease the amount of waste being dumped into municipal sanitary landfill sites & converting the waste into energy which is both financially and environmentally suitable by involving unemployed people in the management system. The results of this study will give an idea of how waste can be utilized as a resource and how this resource can be a capital good as well as how the local level problems can be solved by taking some strategies and making our environment suitable for future generations.

Deaths attributed to rising temperatures and heat waves represent a continuing public health concern. Climate change affects social determinants of health and local and global health inequities, especially those negatively impacted by high temperatures. Individuals with chronic health conditions have greater likelihood of mortality due to rising temperatures. Nurses witness the harmful effects of climate change but may not be aware that a patient's worsening symptoms can be due to heat. Nurses need to understand and then educate patients and communities about ways to reduce harm from heat, medication interactions with heat, and what safety measures to take in regions of high heat or during heat waves to best promote health equity and reduce mortality.[J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(10):460–464.]

The crucial role evaluation can play in the co-development of project design and its implementation will be addressed through the analysis of a case study, the Green Communities (GC) project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment within the EU Interregional Operational Program (2007-2013) "Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency". The project's broader goals included an attempt to trigger a change in Italian local development strategies, especially for mountain and inland areas, which would be tailored to the real needs of communities, and based on a sustainable exploitation and management of the territorial assets. The goal was not achieved, and this paper addresses the issues of how GC could have been more effective in fostering a vision of change, and which design adaptations and evaluation procedures would have allowed the project to better cope with the unexpected consequences and resistances it encountered. The conclusions drawn are that projects should be conceived, designed and carried out as dynamic systems, inclusive of a dynamic and engaged evaluation enabling the generation of feedbacks loops, iteratively interpreting the narratives and dynamics unfolding within the project, and actively monitoring the potential of various relationships among project participants for generating positive social change.

Nowadays, the issues related with environment preservation assume an increasing importance. Progressively, more sustainable solutions/techniques are being developed to combat environmental destruction. The decision to include themes related to the environment in the curriculum of technological courses in higher education aims to promote more sustainable behaviors and in an indirect way, increase the environmental literacy of the population. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the environmental literacy focusing on four topics, i.e., air pollution, water pollution, global warming, and energy resources. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and applied to a convenience sample, formed by individuals of both genders, aged between 20 and 81 years old. The questionnaire intended to collect data to characterize the sample and assess the literacy regarding environmental issues. In order to carry out the environmental literacy assessment, the respondents were asked to express their degree of agreement with some statements related with the environmental themes mentioned above. The data collected was analyzed using data mining tools. The results suggest that the population’s literacy is satisfactory in relation to some issues, but insufficient in relation to others, equally important, but less disseminated.

To discuss current evidence of global climate change and its implications for allergic rhinitis and other allergic respiratory diseases.Global climate change is evidenced by increasing average earth temperature, increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas levels, and elevated pollen levels. Pollutants of interest include carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and nitrous oxide (NO2) because they can enhance the allergic response and lead to increased symptoms of allergic respiratory diseases. Heightened CO2 levels stimulate pollen production via photosynthesis and increased growth in multiple plant species investigated. Although worsened air quality appears to increase prevalence of allergic rhinitis, the effects of increased temperature are less certain. The findings of increased aeroallergen levels likely contribute to increases in presentation of allergic diseases, although more healthcare impact studies are necessary.Although recent literature indicates and strongly supports changes in temperature, pollution levels, and aeroallergen levels, more longitudinal epidemiologic surveillance of allergic diseases in relation to climate change as well as pathophysiologic studies on changing aeroallergen effects on allergic diseases are needed.

Xuanwei City (formerly known as Xuanwei County) locates in the northeastern of Yunnan Province and is rich in coal, iron, copper and other mines, especially the smoky (bituminous) coal. Unfortunately, the lung cancer morbidity and mortality rates in this region are among China's highest, with a clear upward trend from the mid-1970s to mid-2000s. In 2004-2005, the crude death rate of lung cancer was 91.3 per 100,000 in the whole Xuanwei City, while that for Laibin Town in this city was 241.14 per 100,000. The epidemiologic distribution (clustering patterns by population, time, and space) of lung cancer in Xuanwei has some special features, e.g., high incidence in rural areas, high incidence in females, and an early age peak in lung cancer deaths. The main factor that associates with a high rate of lung cancer incidence was found to be indoor air pollution caused by the indoor burning of smoky coal. To a certain extent, genetic defects are also associated with the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei. Taken together, lung cancer in this smoky coal combustion region is a unique model for environmental factor-related human cancer, and the current studies indicate that abandoning the use of smoky coal is the key to diminish lung cancer morbidity and mortality.

Indoor air pollution in developing countries is a public health problem deserving of urgent attention. The aim of this study was to assess indoor second‐hand smoke (SHS) exposure via PM2.5 (fine particles with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) level measurements in several public venues in Kuwait. The PM2.5 mean, median, and interquartile range (IQR) values for nonsmoking areas were; respectively, 28, 24, 32 μg/m3 while the corresponding values for smoking areas were 274, 222, 288 μg/m3 in the absence of water pipe usage and 1434, 1001, 964 μg/m3 in the presence of water pipes, respectively. Differences among the three tested venues (nonsmoking, smoking with and without water pipes) were statistically significant (F = 330.7, P < 0.001). The air quality index (AQI) results showed that nonsmoking areas were mostly classified as either “Good” or “Moderate” whereas the classification in smoking areas varied between “Moderate” to “Hazardous.” Adverse health outcomes from exposure to PM2.5 were also evaluated. The estimated lifetime lung cancer and cardiopulmonary risks in nonsmoking area were 4 × 10−3 and 3 × 10−3, respectively. In smoking areas, the risks were more than sixfold and 30‐fold increases of cancer and cardiopulmonary relative to nonsmoking areas without and with water pipes, respectively. In smoking venues, the relative ratio values were 1.26 and 1.16 with no water pipe and 1.86 and 1.51 when water pipe usage was observed, for lung cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality, respectively. These values reveal that people, especially the young and elderly, occupying or visiting these venues are susceptible to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13096, 2019

To assess nutritional risk of alcoholic patients admitted for alcohol detoxification.Screening of nutritional risk of alcoholic patients using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.Fifty-three percentage patients at presentation were rated as being at medium or high risk of malnutrition.Malnutrition should be actively considered and screened for in alcoholic patients admitted for alcohol detoxification due to its high prevalence and benefits obtained from treatment.

A soil column experiment was conducted to study the winter wheat growth and yield under effects of different soil wetting (overall wetting, upper part wetting, and lower part wetting) and fertilization (overall fertilization, upper part fertilization, and lower part fertilization). The plant height and leaf area at tillering stage decreased significantly under lower part fertilization, compared with those under upper part and overall soil fertilization, but had no significant differences under different soil wetting. At jointing stage, the plant height was higher when the soil wetting and fertilization were at same location than at different location, manifesting a synergistic coupling effect of water and fertilizer. Lower part soil wetting and lower part fertilization decreased the root-, shoot-, and total dry biomass significantly, upper part fertilization benefited the biomass accumulation of winter wheat, and upper part soil wetting combined with upper part fertilization had an obvious coupling effect on the shoot- and total dry biomass. Soil wetting and fertilization at same location induced a higher ratio of root to shoot, compared with soil wetting and fertilization at different location, and lower part soil wetting resulted in the maximum water use efficiency (WUE), compared with upper part and overall soil wetting. A higher WUE was observed in the soil wetting and fertilization at same location than at different location, but a lower WUE was induced by lower part fertilization. The grain number per spike under upper part and overall soil wetting was increased by 41.7% and 61.9%, respectively, compared with that under lower part soil wetting, and this yield component under upper part and overall soil fertilization was also higher, compared with that under lower part fertilization. Upper part soil wetting and fertilization had an obvious coupling effect of water-fertilizer on the yield and yield components (except for 1000-grain mass). Different soil wetting and fertilization affected the yield mainly through affecting the grain number per spike.