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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: L. Piermattei; L. Piermattei; L. Piermattei; M. Zemp; +39 Authors

    Abstract. Observations of glacier mass changes are key to understanding the response of glaciers to climate change and related impacts, such as regional runoff, ecosystem changes, and global sea level rise. Spaceborne optical and radar sensors make it possible to quantify glacier elevation changes, and thus multi-annual mass changes, on a regional and global scale. However, estimates from a growing number of studies show a wide range of results with differences often beyond uncertainty bounds. Here, we present the outcome of a community-based inter-comparison experiment using spaceborne optical stereo (ASTER) and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TanDEM-X) data to estimate elevation changes for defined glaciers and target periods that pose different assessment challenges. Using provided or self-processed digital elevation models (DEMs) for five test sites, 12 research groups provided a total of 97 spaceborne elevation-change datasets using various processing approaches. Validation with airborne data showed that using an ensemble estimate is promising to reduce random errors from different instruments and processing methods but still requires a more comprehensive investigation and correction of systematic errors. We found that scene selection, DEM processing, and co-registration have the biggest impact on the results. Other processing steps, such as treating spatial data voids, differences in survey periods, or radar penetration, can still be important for individual cases. Future research should focus on testing different implementations of individual processing steps (e.g. co-registration) and addressing issues related to temporal corrections, radar penetration, glacier area changes, and density conversion. Finally, there is a clear need for our community to develop best practices, use open, reproducible software, and assess overall uncertainty to enhance inter-comparison and empower physical process insights across glacier elevation-change studies.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Cryospherearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    The Cryosphere
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    The Cryosphere
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: HAL-IRD
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bq...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    Research Collection
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yj...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2024
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2024
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    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Cryospherearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      The Cryosphere
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      The Cryosphere
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-INSU
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: HAL-INSU
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL INRAE
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: HAL INRAE
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research Collection
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bq...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      Research Collection
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/yj...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2024
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2024
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Beniston; M. Beniston; D. Farinotti; D. Farinotti; +27 Authors

    Abstract. The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes, as well as their past, current, and future evolution. We additionally provide an assessment of current cryosphere research in Europe and point to the different domains requiring further research. Emphasis is given to our understanding of climate–cryosphere interactions, cryosphere controls on physical and biological mountain systems, and related impacts. By the end of the century, Europe's mountain cryosphere will have changed to an extent that will impact the landscape, the hydrological regimes, the water resources, and the infrastructure. The impacts will not remain confined to the mountain area but also affect the downstream lowlands, entailing a wide range of socioeconomical consequences. European mountains will have a completely different visual appearance, in which low- and mid-range-altitude glaciers will have disappeared and even large valley glaciers will have experienced significant retreat and mass loss. Due to increased air temperatures and related shifts from solid to liquid precipitation, seasonal snow lines will be found at much higher altitudes, and the snow season will be much shorter than today. These changes in snow and ice melt will cause a shift in the timing of discharge maxima, as well as a transition of runoff regimes from glacial to nival and from nival to pluvial. This will entail significant impacts on the seasonality of high-altitude water availability, with consequences for water storage and management in reservoirs for drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower production. Whereas an upward shift of the tree line and expansion of vegetation can be expected into current periglacial areas, the disappearance of permafrost at lower altitudes and its warming at higher elevations will likely result in mass movements and process chains beyond historical experience. Future cryospheric research has the responsibility not only to foster awareness of these expected changes and to develop targeted strategies to precisely quantify their magnitude and rate of occurrence but also to help in the development of approaches to adapt to these changes and to mitigate their consequences. Major joint efforts are required in the domain of cryospheric monitoring, which will require coordination in terms of data availability and quality. In particular, we recognize the quantification of high-altitude precipitation as a key source of uncertainty in projections of future changes. Improvements in numerical modeling and a better understanding of process chains affecting high-altitude mass movements are the two further fields that – in our view – future cryospheric research should focus on.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    The Cryosphere
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    The Cryosphere
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: CNR ExploRA
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    The Cryosphere
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2018
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2018
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research Collection
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    IRIS Cnr
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: IRIS Cnr
    Research Collection
    Article . 2018
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Livia Piermattei; Michael Zemp; Christian Sommer; Fanny Brun; +31 Authors

    Résumé. Les observations des changements de masse des glaciers sont essentielles pour comprendre la réponse des glaciers au changement climatique et aux impacts connexes, tels que le ruissellement régional, les changements écosystémiques et l'élévation du niveau de la mer à l'échelle mondiale. Les capteurs optiques et radar spatiaux permettent de quantifier les changements d'élévation des glaciers, et donc les changements de masse pluriannuels, à l'échelle régionale et mondiale. Cependant, les estimations d'un nombre croissant d'études montrent un large éventail de résultats avec des différences souvent au-delà des limites d'incertitude. Ici, nous présentons les résultats d'une expérience intercomparaison communautaire utilisant des données d'interférométrie stéréo optique spatiale (ASTER) et radar à ouverture synthétique (TanDEM-X) pour estimer les changements d'altitude pour des glaciers définis et des périodes cibles qui posent différents défis d'évaluation. En utilisant des modèles d'élévation numériques (DEM) fournis ou autotraités pour cinq sites de test, 12 groupes de recherche ont fourni un total de 97 ensembles de données de changement d'altitude spatiaux en utilisant diverses stratégies de traitement. La validation avec des données aéroportées a montré que l'utilisation d'une estimation d'ensemble promet de réduire les erreurs aléatoires provenant de différents instruments et méthodes de traitement, mais nécessite toujours une enquête et une correction plus complètes des erreurs systématiques. Nous avons constaté que la sélection de la scène, le traitement DEM et le co-enregistrement ont le plus grand impact sur les résultats. D'autres étapes de traitement, telles que le traitement des vides de données spatiales, les différences de périodes d'enquête ou la pénétration radar, peuvent toujours être importantes pour des cas individuels. Les recherches futures devraient se concentrer sur la mise à l'essai de différentes implémentations d'étapes de traitement individuelles (par exemple, le co-enregistrement) et aborder les questions liées aux corrections temporelles, à la pénétration radar, aux changements de zone glaciaire et à la conversion de densité. Enfin, notre communauté a clairement besoin de développer les meilleures pratiques, d'utiliser des logiciels ouverts et reproductibles et d'évaluer l'incertitude globale afin d'améliorer les comparaisons et de renforcer les connaissances sur les processus physiques dans les études de changement d'altitude des glaciers. Resumen. Observar los cambios en la masa de los glaciares es clave para comprender la respuesta de los glaciares al cambio climático y los impactos relacionados, como la escorrentía regional, los cambios en los ecosistemas y el aumento global del nivel del mar. Los sensores ópticos y de radar transportados por el espacio permiten cuantificar los cambios de elevación de los glaciares y, por lo tanto, los cambios de masa plurianuales, a escala regional y global. Sin embargo, las estimaciones de un número creciente de estudios muestran una amplia gama de resultados con diferencias que a menudo van más allá de los límites de incertidumbre. Aquí, presentamos el resultado de un experimento de intercomparación basado en la comunidad que utiliza datos estéreo óptico a bordo del espacio (ASTER) e interferometría de radar de apertura sintética (TanDEM-X) para estimar los cambios de elevación para glaciares definidos y períodos objetivo que plantean diferentes desafíos de evaluación. Utilizando modelos digitales de elevación (DEM) proporcionados o autoprocesados para cinco sitios de prueba, 12 grupos de investigación proporcionaron un total de 97 conjuntos de datos de cambio de elevación a bordo del espacio utilizando varias estrategias de procesamiento. La validación con datos aéreos mostró que el uso de una estimación de conjunto es prometedor para reducir los errores aleatorios de diferentes instrumentos y métodos de procesamiento, pero aún requiere una investigación y corrección más exhaustivas de los errores sistemáticos. Descubrimos que la selección de escenas, el procesamiento de DEM y el corregistro tienen el mayor impacto en los resultados. Otros pasos de procesamiento, como el tratamiento de vacíos de datos espaciales, las diferencias en los períodos de encuesta o la penetración del radar, aún pueden ser importantes para casos individuales. La investigación futura debe centrarse en probar diferentes implementaciones de pasos de procesamiento individuales (por ejemplo, registro conjunto) y abordar cuestiones relacionadas con correcciones temporales, penetración de radar, cambios en el área de los glaciares y conversión de densidad. Finalmente, existe una clara necesidad de que nuestra comunidad desarrolle las mejores prácticas, use software abierto y reproducible y evalúe la incertidumbre general para mejorar la intercomparación y potenciar los conocimientos de los procesos físicos en los estudios de cambio de elevación de glaciares. Abstract. Observations of glacier mass changes are key to understanding the response of glaciers to climate change and related impacts, such as regional runoff, ecosystem changes, and global sea-level rise. Spaceborne optical and radar sensors make it possible to quantify glacier elevation changes, and thus multi-annual mass changes, on a regional and global scale. However, estimates from a growing number of studies show a wide range of results with differences often beyond uncertainty bounds. Here, we present the outcome of a community-based inter-comparison experiment using spaceborne optical stereo (ASTER) and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TanDEM-X) data to estimate elevation changes for defined glaciers and target periods that pose different assessment challenges. Using provided or self-processed digital elevation models (DEMs) for five test sites, 12 research groups provided a total of 97 spaceborne elevation-change datasets using various processing strategies. Validation with airborne data showed that using an ensemble estimate is promising to reduce random errors from different instruments and processing methods, but still requires a more comprehensive investigation and correction of systematic errors. We found that scene selection, DEM processing, and co-registration have the biggest impact on the results. Other processing steps, such as treating spatial data voids, differences in survey periods, or radar penetration, can still be important for individual cases. Future research should focus on testing different implementations of individual processing steps (e.g. co-registration) and addressing issues related to temporal corrections, radar penetration, glacier area changes, and density conversion. Finally, there is a clear need for our community to develop best practices, use open, reproducible software, and assess overall uncertainty in order to enhance inter-comparison and empower physical process insights across glacier elevation-change studies. الخلاصة. تعتبر ملاحظات التغيرات في كتلة الأنهار الجليدية أساسية لفهم استجابة الأنهار الجليدية لتغير المناخ والآثار ذات الصلة، مثل الجريان السطحي الإقليمي وتغيرات النظام الإيكولوجي وارتفاع مستوى سطح البحر العالمي. تتيح أجهزة الاستشعار البصرية والرادارية المحمولة في الفضاء قياس التغيرات في ارتفاع الأنهار الجليدية، وبالتالي التغيرات الكتلية متعددة السنوات، على نطاق إقليمي وعالمي. ومع ذلك، تظهر التقديرات من عدد متزايد من الدراسات مجموعة واسعة من النتائج مع وجود اختلافات غالبًا ما تتجاوز حدود عدم اليقين. هنا، نقدم نتائج تجربة مقارنة مجتمعية باستخدام بيانات الاستريو البصري المحمول في الفضاء (ASTER) وبيانات قياس التداخل بالرادار ذي الفتحة الاصطناعية (TanDEM - X) لتقدير تغيرات الارتفاع للأنهار الجليدية المحددة والفترات المستهدفة التي تشكل تحديات تقييم مختلفة. باستخدام نماذج الارتفاع الرقمية المقدمة أو ذاتية المعالجة (DEMs) لخمسة مواقع اختبار، قدمت 12 مجموعة بحثية ما مجموعه 97 مجموعة بيانات لتغيير الارتفاع المحمول في الفضاء باستخدام استراتيجيات معالجة مختلفة. أظهر التحقق من البيانات المحمولة جواً أن استخدام تقدير المجموعة يعد بتقليل الأخطاء العشوائية من الأدوات وطرق المعالجة المختلفة، ولكنه لا يزال يتطلب تحقيقًا أكثر شمولاً وتصحيحًا للأخطاء المنهجية. وجدنا أن اختيار المشهد ومعالجة DEM والتسجيل المشترك لها أكبر تأثير على النتائج. يمكن أن تظل خطوات المعالجة الأخرى، مثل معالجة فراغات البيانات المكانية أو الاختلافات في فترات المسح أو اختراق الرادار، مهمة للحالات الفردية. يجب أن تركز الأبحاث المستقبلية على اختبار التطبيقات المختلفة لخطوات المعالجة الفردية (مثل التسجيل المشترك) ومعالجة القضايا المتعلقة بالتصحيحات الزمنية واختراق الرادار وتغيرات المنطقة الجليدية وتحويل الكثافة. أخيرًا، هناك حاجة واضحة لمجتمعنا لتطوير أفضل الممارسات، واستخدام برامج مفتوحة وقابلة للتكرار، وتقييم عدم اليقين العام من أجل تعزيز المقارنة البينية وتمكين رؤى العمليات المادية عبر دراسات تغيير ارتفاع الأنهار الجليدية.

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    Authors: L. Piermattei; L. Piermattei; L. Piermattei; M. Zemp; +39 Authors

    Abstract. Observations of glacier mass changes are key to understanding the response of glaciers to climate change and related impacts, such as regional runoff, ecosystem changes, and global sea level rise. Spaceborne optical and radar sensors make it possible to quantify glacier elevation changes, and thus multi-annual mass changes, on a regional and global scale. However, estimates from a growing number of studies show a wide range of results with differences often beyond uncertainty bounds. Here, we present the outcome of a community-based inter-comparison experiment using spaceborne optical stereo (ASTER) and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TanDEM-X) data to estimate elevation changes for defined glaciers and target periods that pose different assessment challenges. Using provided or self-processed digital elevation models (DEMs) for five test sites, 12 research groups provided a total of 97 spaceborne elevation-change datasets using various processing approaches. Validation with airborne data showed that using an ensemble estimate is promising to reduce random errors from different instruments and processing methods but still requires a more comprehensive investigation and correction of systematic errors. We found that scene selection, DEM processing, and co-registration have the biggest impact on the results. Other processing steps, such as treating spatial data voids, differences in survey periods, or radar penetration, can still be important for individual cases. Future research should focus on testing different implementations of individual processing steps (e.g. co-registration) and addressing issues related to temporal corrections, radar penetration, glacier area changes, and density conversion. Finally, there is a clear need for our community to develop best practices, use open, reproducible software, and assess overall uncertainty to enhance inter-comparison and empower physical process insights across glacier elevation-change studies.

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      https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Beniston; M. Beniston; D. Farinotti; D. Farinotti; +27 Authors

    Abstract. The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes, as well as their past, current, and future evolution. We additionally provide an assessment of current cryosphere research in Europe and point to the different domains requiring further research. Emphasis is given to our understanding of climate–cryosphere interactions, cryosphere controls on physical and biological mountain systems, and related impacts. By the end of the century, Europe's mountain cryosphere will have changed to an extent that will impact the landscape, the hydrological regimes, the water resources, and the infrastructure. The impacts will not remain confined to the mountain area but also affect the downstream lowlands, entailing a wide range of socioeconomical consequences. European mountains will have a completely different visual appearance, in which low- and mid-range-altitude glaciers will have disappeared and even large valley glaciers will have experienced significant retreat and mass loss. Due to increased air temperatures and related shifts from solid to liquid precipitation, seasonal snow lines will be found at much higher altitudes, and the snow season will be much shorter than today. These changes in snow and ice melt will cause a shift in the timing of discharge maxima, as well as a transition of runoff regimes from glacial to nival and from nival to pluvial. This will entail significant impacts on the seasonality of high-altitude water availability, with consequences for water storage and management in reservoirs for drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower production. Whereas an upward shift of the tree line and expansion of vegetation can be expected into current periglacial areas, the disappearance of permafrost at lower altitudes and its warming at higher elevations will likely result in mass movements and process chains beyond historical experience. Future cryospheric research has the responsibility not only to foster awareness of these expected changes and to develop targeted strategies to precisely quantify their magnitude and rate of occurrence but also to help in the development of approaches to adapt to these changes and to mitigate their consequences. Major joint efforts are required in the domain of cryospheric monitoring, which will require coordination in terms of data availability and quality. In particular, we recognize the quantification of high-altitude precipitation as a key source of uncertainty in projections of future changes. Improvements in numerical modeling and a better understanding of process chains affecting high-altitude mass movements are the two further fields that – in our view – future cryospheric research should focus on.

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    The Cryosphere
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      The Cryosphere
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  • Authors: Livia Piermattei; Michael Zemp; Christian Sommer; Fanny Brun; +31 Authors

    Résumé. Les observations des changements de masse des glaciers sont essentielles pour comprendre la réponse des glaciers au changement climatique et aux impacts connexes, tels que le ruissellement régional, les changements écosystémiques et l'élévation du niveau de la mer à l'échelle mondiale. Les capteurs optiques et radar spatiaux permettent de quantifier les changements d'élévation des glaciers, et donc les changements de masse pluriannuels, à l'échelle régionale et mondiale. Cependant, les estimations d'un nombre croissant d'études montrent un large éventail de résultats avec des différences souvent au-delà des limites d'incertitude. Ici, nous présentons les résultats d'une expérience intercomparaison communautaire utilisant des données d'interférométrie stéréo optique spatiale (ASTER) et radar à ouverture synthétique (TanDEM-X) pour estimer les changements d'altitude pour des glaciers définis et des périodes cibles qui posent différents défis d'évaluation. En utilisant des modèles d'élévation numériques (DEM) fournis ou autotraités pour cinq sites de test, 12 groupes de recherche ont fourni un total de 97 ensembles de données de changement d'altitude spatiaux en utilisant diverses stratégies de traitement. La validation avec des données aéroportées a montré que l'utilisation d'une estimation d'ensemble promet de réduire les erreurs aléatoires provenant de différents instruments et méthodes de traitement, mais nécessite toujours une enquête et une correction plus complètes des erreurs systématiques. Nous avons constaté que la sélection de la scène, le traitement DEM et le co-enregistrement ont le plus grand impact sur les résultats. D'autres étapes de traitement, telles que le traitement des vides de données spatiales, les différences de périodes d'enquête ou la pénétration radar, peuvent toujours être importantes pour des cas individuels. Les recherches futures devraient se concentrer sur la mise à l'essai de différentes implémentations d'étapes de traitement individuelles (par exemple, le co-enregistrement) et aborder les questions liées aux corrections temporelles, à la pénétration radar, aux changements de zone glaciaire et à la conversion de densité. Enfin, notre communauté a clairement besoin de développer les meilleures pratiques, d'utiliser des logiciels ouverts et reproductibles et d'évaluer l'incertitude globale afin d'améliorer les comparaisons et de renforcer les connaissances sur les processus physiques dans les études de changement d'altitude des glaciers. Resumen. Observar los cambios en la masa de los glaciares es clave para comprender la respuesta de los glaciares al cambio climático y los impactos relacionados, como la escorrentía regional, los cambios en los ecosistemas y el aumento global del nivel del mar. Los sensores ópticos y de radar transportados por el espacio permiten cuantificar los cambios de elevación de los glaciares y, por lo tanto, los cambios de masa plurianuales, a escala regional y global. Sin embargo, las estimaciones de un número creciente de estudios muestran una amplia gama de resultados con diferencias que a menudo van más allá de los límites de incertidumbre. Aquí, presentamos el resultado de un experimento de intercomparación basado en la comunidad que utiliza datos estéreo óptico a bordo del espacio (ASTER) e interferometría de radar de apertura sintética (TanDEM-X) para estimar los cambios de elevación para glaciares definidos y períodos objetivo que plantean diferentes desafíos de evaluación. Utilizando modelos digitales de elevación (DEM) proporcionados o autoprocesados para cinco sitios de prueba, 12 grupos de investigación proporcionaron un total de 97 conjuntos de datos de cambio de elevación a bordo del espacio utilizando varias estrategias de procesamiento. La validación con datos aéreos mostró que el uso de una estimación de conjunto es prometedor para reducir los errores aleatorios de diferentes instrumentos y métodos de procesamiento, pero aún requiere una investigación y corrección más exhaustivas de los errores sistemáticos. Descubrimos que la selección de escenas, el procesamiento de DEM y el corregistro tienen el mayor impacto en los resultados. Otros pasos de procesamiento, como el tratamiento de vacíos de datos espaciales, las diferencias en los períodos de encuesta o la penetración del radar, aún pueden ser importantes para casos individuales. La investigación futura debe centrarse en probar diferentes implementaciones de pasos de procesamiento individuales (por ejemplo, registro conjunto) y abordar cuestiones relacionadas con correcciones temporales, penetración de radar, cambios en el área de los glaciares y conversión de densidad. Finalmente, existe una clara necesidad de que nuestra comunidad desarrolle las mejores prácticas, use software abierto y reproducible y evalúe la incertidumbre general para mejorar la intercomparación y potenciar los conocimientos de los procesos físicos en los estudios de cambio de elevación de glaciares. Abstract. Observations of glacier mass changes are key to understanding the response of glaciers to climate change and related impacts, such as regional runoff, ecosystem changes, and global sea-level rise. Spaceborne optical and radar sensors make it possible to quantify glacier elevation changes, and thus multi-annual mass changes, on a regional and global scale. However, estimates from a growing number of studies show a wide range of results with differences often beyond uncertainty bounds. Here, we present the outcome of a community-based inter-comparison experiment using spaceborne optical stereo (ASTER) and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TanDEM-X) data to estimate elevation changes for defined glaciers and target periods that pose different assessment challenges. Using provided or self-processed digital elevation models (DEMs) for five test sites, 12 research groups provided a total of 97 spaceborne elevation-change datasets using various processing strategies. Validation with airborne data showed that using an ensemble estimate is promising to reduce random errors from different instruments and processing methods, but still requires a more comprehensive investigation and correction of systematic errors. We found that scene selection, DEM processing, and co-registration have the biggest impact on the results. Other processing steps, such as treating spatial data voids, differences in survey periods, or radar penetration, can still be important for individual cases. Future research should focus on testing different implementations of individual processing steps (e.g. co-registration) and addressing issues related to temporal corrections, radar penetration, glacier area changes, and density conversion. Finally, there is a clear need for our community to develop best practices, use open, reproducible software, and assess overall uncertainty in order to enhance inter-comparison and empower physical process insights across glacier elevation-change studies. الخلاصة. تعتبر ملاحظات التغيرات في كتلة الأنهار الجليدية أساسية لفهم استجابة الأنهار الجليدية لتغير المناخ والآثار ذات الصلة، مثل الجريان السطحي الإقليمي وتغيرات النظام الإيكولوجي وارتفاع مستوى سطح البحر العالمي. تتيح أجهزة الاستشعار البصرية والرادارية المحمولة في الفضاء قياس التغيرات في ارتفاع الأنهار الجليدية، وبالتالي التغيرات الكتلية متعددة السنوات، على نطاق إقليمي وعالمي. ومع ذلك، تظهر التقديرات من عدد متزايد من الدراسات مجموعة واسعة من النتائج مع وجود اختلافات غالبًا ما تتجاوز حدود عدم اليقين. هنا، نقدم نتائج تجربة مقارنة مجتمعية باستخدام بيانات الاستريو البصري المحمول في الفضاء (ASTER) وبيانات قياس التداخل بالرادار ذي الفتحة الاصطناعية (TanDEM - X) لتقدير تغيرات الارتفاع للأنهار الجليدية المحددة والفترات المستهدفة التي تشكل تحديات تقييم مختلفة. باستخدام نماذج الارتفاع الرقمية المقدمة أو ذاتية المعالجة (DEMs) لخمسة مواقع اختبار، قدمت 12 مجموعة بحثية ما مجموعه 97 مجموعة بيانات لتغيير الارتفاع المحمول في الفضاء باستخدام استراتيجيات معالجة مختلفة. أظهر التحقق من البيانات المحمولة جواً أن استخدام تقدير المجموعة يعد بتقليل الأخطاء العشوائية من الأدوات وطرق المعالجة المختلفة، ولكنه لا يزال يتطلب تحقيقًا أكثر شمولاً وتصحيحًا للأخطاء المنهجية. وجدنا أن اختيار المشهد ومعالجة DEM والتسجيل المشترك لها أكبر تأثير على النتائج. يمكن أن تظل خطوات المعالجة الأخرى، مثل معالجة فراغات البيانات المكانية أو الاختلافات في فترات المسح أو اختراق الرادار، مهمة للحالات الفردية. يجب أن تركز الأبحاث المستقبلية على اختبار التطبيقات المختلفة لخطوات المعالجة الفردية (مثل التسجيل المشترك) ومعالجة القضايا المتعلقة بالتصحيحات الزمنية واختراق الرادار وتغيرات المنطقة الجليدية وتحويل الكثافة. أخيرًا، هناك حاجة واضحة لمجتمعنا لتطوير أفضل الممارسات، واستخدام برامج مفتوحة وقابلة للتكرار، وتقييم عدم اليقين العام من أجل تعزيز المقارنة البينية وتمكين رؤى العمليات المادية عبر دراسات تغيير ارتفاع الأنهار الجليدية.

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