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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anna Życzyńska; orcid Dariusz Majerek;
    Dariusz Majerek
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Dariusz Majerek in OpenAIRE
    orcid Zbigniew Suchorab;
    Zbigniew Suchorab
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Zbigniew Suchorab in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    The article assesses an impact of thermal retrofitting on an improvement of the energy quality of public buildings in terms of their heating. The analysis covered a group of 14 buildings, including schools, kindergartens or offices, while energy audits were carried out for 12 of them. The indications of individual gas meters were the source of actual data for the assessment of changes in energy consumption indexes in operating conditions. The analysis showed a clear improvement in the energy quality of buildings; however, the actual effects were much lower than forecasted. The average forecasted decrease in energy consumption was supposed to be 64.3%, but the measured data showed only 37.1%. The investigation confirmed that the most complex refurbishing provided the most satisfactory decrease in energy consumption (51.4% of real decrease in energy consumption), while objects with partial thermal refurbishing reached an efficiency of only 21.8%. It was stated that in operating conditions, special attention should be paid to the manner of energy use, since different indicators of energy consumption can be obtained with the same parameters of building’s balance cover. The results obtained can be further utilized in thermal-refurbishment implementation procedures. Follow-up investigations on the impact of selected parameters on energy consumption are planned.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article
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      Energies
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: DOAJ
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    Authors: Anna Życzyńska; orcid Dariusz Majerek;
    Dariusz Majerek
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Dariusz Majerek in OpenAIRE
    orcid Zbigniew Suchorab;
    Zbigniew Suchorab
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Zbigniew Suchorab in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    +2 Authors

    The article assesses an impact of thermal retrofitting on an improvement of the energy quality of public buildings in terms of their heating. The analysis covered a group of 14 buildings, including schools, kindergartens or offices, while energy audits were carried out for 12 of them. The indications of individual gas meters were the source of actual data for the assessment of changes in energy consumption indexes in operating conditions. The analysis showed a clear improvement in the energy quality of buildings; however, the actual effects were much lower than forecasted. The average forecasted decrease in energy consumption was supposed to be 64.3%, but the measured data showed only 37.1%. The investigation confirmed that the most complex refurbishing provided the most satisfactory decrease in energy consumption (51.4% of real decrease in energy consumption), while objects with partial thermal refurbishing reached an efficiency of only 21.8%. It was stated that in operating conditions, special attention should be paid to the manner of energy use, since different indicators of energy consumption can be obtained with the same parameters of building’s balance cover. The results obtained can be further utilized in thermal-refurbishment implementation procedures. Follow-up investigations on the impact of selected parameters on energy consumption are planned.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
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    Energies
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2021
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Artur Pawłowski; orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    Jarosław Żak;

    Efforts to direct the economies of many countries towards low-carbon economies are being made in order to reduce their impact on global climate change. Within this process, replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen will play an important role in the sectors where electrification is difficult or technically and economically ineffective. Hydrogen may also play a critical role in renewable energy storage processes. Thus, the global hydrogen demand is expected to rise more than five times by 2050, while in the European Union, a seven-fold rise in this field is expected. Apart from many technical and legislative barriers, the environmental impact of hydrogen production is a key issue, especially in the case of new and developing technologies. Focusing on the various pathways of hydrogen production, the essential problem is to evaluate the related emissions through GHG accounting, considering the life cycle of a plant in order to compare the technologies effectively. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis is one of the newest technologies in this field, with no LCA studies covering its full operation. Thus, this study is focused on a calculation of the carbon footprint and economic indicators of a green hydrogen plant on the basis of a life cycle assessment, including the concept of a solar-to-hydrogen plant with AEM electrolyzers operating under Polish climate conditions. The authors set the range of the GWP indicators as 2.73–4.34 kgCO2eq for a plant using AEM electrolysis, which confirmed the relatively low emissivity of hydrogen from solar energy, also in relation to this innovative technology. The economic profitability of the investment depends on external subsidies, because, as developing technology, the AEM electrolysis of green hydrogen from photovoltaics is still uncompetitive in terms of its cost without this type of support.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    citations14
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Artur Pawłowski; orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    Jarosław Żak;

    Efforts to direct the economies of many countries towards low-carbon economies are being made in order to reduce their impact on global climate change. Within this process, replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen will play an important role in the sectors where electrification is difficult or technically and economically ineffective. Hydrogen may also play a critical role in renewable energy storage processes. Thus, the global hydrogen demand is expected to rise more than five times by 2050, while in the European Union, a seven-fold rise in this field is expected. Apart from many technical and legislative barriers, the environmental impact of hydrogen production is a key issue, especially in the case of new and developing technologies. Focusing on the various pathways of hydrogen production, the essential problem is to evaluate the related emissions through GHG accounting, considering the life cycle of a plant in order to compare the technologies effectively. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis is one of the newest technologies in this field, with no LCA studies covering its full operation. Thus, this study is focused on a calculation of the carbon footprint and economic indicators of a green hydrogen plant on the basis of a life cycle assessment, including the concept of a solar-to-hydrogen plant with AEM electrolyzers operating under Polish climate conditions. The authors set the range of the GWP indicators as 2.73–4.34 kgCO2eq for a plant using AEM electrolysis, which confirmed the relatively low emissivity of hydrogen from solar energy, also in relation to this innovative technology. The economic profitability of the investment depends on external subsidies, because, as developing technology, the AEM electrolysis of green hydrogen from photovoltaics is still uncompetitive in terms of its cost without this type of support.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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    Energies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Energies
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
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      Energies
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Energies
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    J Gołçbiowska;

    Abstract Sustainability in the construction branch refers strongly to the service life of buildings. According to many literature studies, typical energy standard buildings are characterized by significant share of the operational phase on their life cycle, considering various environmental indicators. Thus, the kind of the energy source is very often the key factor influencing the results of building’s Life Cycle Assessment. The innovative solution of cooling and heating system based on Peltier device is developed at Lublin University of Technology. The results obtained during laboratory tests (COP 0,767) as well as the results of Life Cycle Assessment procedure (GWP at the range of 0,22–0,9 gCO2eq/Wh) show that the developed system, after specific modifications, may be treated as environmentally friendly source of cooling and heating energy.

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    IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    J Gołçbiowska;

    Abstract Sustainability in the construction branch refers strongly to the service life of buildings. According to many literature studies, typical energy standard buildings are characterized by significant share of the operational phase on their life cycle, considering various environmental indicators. Thus, the kind of the energy source is very often the key factor influencing the results of building’s Life Cycle Assessment. The innovative solution of cooling and heating system based on Peltier device is developed at Lublin University of Technology. The results obtained during laboratory tests (COP 0,767) as well as the results of Life Cycle Assessment procedure (GWP at the range of 0,22–0,9 gCO2eq/Wh) show that the developed system, after specific modifications, may be treated as environmentally friendly source of cooling and heating energy.

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    IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
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    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agata Zdyb;
    Agata Zdyb
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agata Zdyb in OpenAIRE
    orcid Artur Pawłowski;
    Artur Pawłowski
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Artur Pawłowski in OpenAIRE

    Hybrid photovoltaic installations, defined as on-grid PV system in cooperation with battery energy storage system (BESS), are still rare among the typical investors because the investment cost of the hybrid installation is significantly higher than the one of the on-grid system. However, while considering the broader perspective, such as environmental or technological aspects, the mentioned solution can be competitive with photovoltaic on-grid systems and therefore should be carefully tested in the widest possible context. In this study, the authors compared 3.05 kW of peak power hybrid and on-grid installations operating in temperate climate conditions (Eastern Poland) using economic indicators, such as dynamic generation cost (DGC) and benefit–cost rate (BCR); environmental impact indicators (IMPACT 2002+ and GWP 100a) determined using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and technological aspects consideration, including the reliability of examined systems. Creating a ranking of the considered solutions based on the equal weighting factors assigned to the appropriate features allows indicating the technological areas where the competitiveness of hybrid systems justifies the increased investment costs. One such area is business, where the economic criterion, the only negatively assessed one in the standard operation, can be radically changed by the possible financial losses due to interruption of energy supply.

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    Energies
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    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2020
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      Energies
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energies
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agata Zdyb;
    Agata Zdyb
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agata Zdyb in OpenAIRE
    orcid Artur Pawłowski;
    Artur Pawłowski
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Artur Pawłowski in OpenAIRE

    Hybrid photovoltaic installations, defined as on-grid PV system in cooperation with battery energy storage system (BESS), are still rare among the typical investors because the investment cost of the hybrid installation is significantly higher than the one of the on-grid system. However, while considering the broader perspective, such as environmental or technological aspects, the mentioned solution can be competitive with photovoltaic on-grid systems and therefore should be carefully tested in the widest possible context. In this study, the authors compared 3.05 kW of peak power hybrid and on-grid installations operating in temperate climate conditions (Eastern Poland) using economic indicators, such as dynamic generation cost (DGC) and benefit–cost rate (BCR); environmental impact indicators (IMPACT 2002+ and GWP 100a) determined using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); and technological aspects consideration, including the reliability of examined systems. Creating a ranking of the considered solutions based on the equal weighting factors assigned to the appropriate features allows indicating the technological areas where the competitiveness of hybrid systems justifies the increased investment costs. One such area is business, where the economic criterion, the only negatively assessed one in the standard operation, can be radically changed by the possible financial losses due to interruption of energy supply.

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    Energies
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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    Energies
    Article . 2020
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Artur Kraszkiewicz;
    Artur Kraszkiewicz
    ORCID
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    Artur Kraszkiewicz in OpenAIRE
    orcid Artur Przywara;
    Artur Przywara
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    Artur Przywara in OpenAIRE
    orcid Grzegorz Łagód;
    Grzegorz Łagód
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Grzegorz Łagód in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    In recent years, black locust has been receiving special attention as a potential energy crop. Conversely, straw, which constitutes a waste product, is mainly used for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to perform the Life Cycle Assessment of straw pellet and black locust logs production. The environmental effects were investigated according to the Ecoindicator’99 and Global Warming Potential 100a methods. The single score for the functional unit of black locust logs equals 5.47 Pt, and for cereal straw pellets is between 23.37 and 30.49 Pt. The minor value of the indicator for wood results from higher density and net calorific value, which in this study was equal to 17.72 MJ/kg for black locust and 14.9 MJ/kg for cereal straw pellets. Moreover, greenhouse gas emission was calculated and equals 94.7 kgCO2eq for black locust logs and between 365.9 and 588.3 kgCO2eq for cereal straw pellets. Obtained results allow to compare the processes of biomass production. Black locust logs have a smaller potential of affecting the environment than pellets due to lower energy intensity of the production process, especially lower electricity consumption. Furthermore, logistic improvement may significantly decrease the environmental impact of discussed products.Novelty or Significance: The presented study includes the comparison of two biomass products (cereal straw pellets and black locust logs) based on the Life Cycle Assessment of their production. The originality of the comparison is based both on the detailed inventory and the applied impact assessment method (Ecoindicator'99). The broadened scope of the study allowed for the assessment of both production of materials and pellets, which brings the novel contribution into the existing state of knowledge pertaining to the biomass life cycle described by points of Ecoindicator and greenhouse gas emission. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 163–170, 2019

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    Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
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    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Artur Kraszkiewicz;
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    orcid Artur Przywara;
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    orcid Grzegorz Łagód;
    Grzegorz Łagód
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    Grzegorz Łagód in OpenAIRE
    +4 Authors

    In recent years, black locust has been receiving special attention as a potential energy crop. Conversely, straw, which constitutes a waste product, is mainly used for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to perform the Life Cycle Assessment of straw pellet and black locust logs production. The environmental effects were investigated according to the Ecoindicator’99 and Global Warming Potential 100a methods. The single score for the functional unit of black locust logs equals 5.47 Pt, and for cereal straw pellets is between 23.37 and 30.49 Pt. The minor value of the indicator for wood results from higher density and net calorific value, which in this study was equal to 17.72 MJ/kg for black locust and 14.9 MJ/kg for cereal straw pellets. Moreover, greenhouse gas emission was calculated and equals 94.7 kgCO2eq for black locust logs and between 365.9 and 588.3 kgCO2eq for cereal straw pellets. Obtained results allow to compare the processes of biomass production. Black locust logs have a smaller potential of affecting the environment than pellets due to lower energy intensity of the production process, especially lower electricity consumption. Furthermore, logistic improvement may significantly decrease the environmental impact of discussed products.Novelty or Significance: The presented study includes the comparison of two biomass products (cereal straw pellets and black locust logs) based on the Life Cycle Assessment of their production. The originality of the comparison is based both on the detailed inventory and the applied impact assessment method (Ecoindicator'99). The broadened scope of the study allowed for the assessment of both production of materials and pellets, which brings the novel contribution into the existing state of knowledge pertaining to the biomass life cycle described by points of Ecoindicator and greenhouse gas emission. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 163–170, 2019

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    Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
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      Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
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    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
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    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE

    In the European Union, the building sector accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption, contributing to the deterioration of the quality of the environment. Among the various solutions that aim to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by the operation of buildings, solar hot water systems (SHW) are popular. The choice of a SHW system is associated with the comfort of use and the access to low-cost energy. The design guidelines include the technical parameters for system operation such as materials, dimensions, sizing and operation temperatures. However, the legitimacy of choosing a particular solution and the available technical parameters are key issues. In the presented study, a multi-criteria analysis was proposed as a basis for the proper selection of system parameters, e.g., collector type, solar tank volume. A model of the SHW system was used to calculate the possible solutions, ensuring the same comfort of usage for several design options. The analyzed model was then used for the calculation of three various indicators: Simple Payback Time (SPBT), Primary Energy consumption (PE) and IMPACT 2002+. The application of a multi-criteria analysis based on a Life Cycle Assessment allowed for beneficial solutions to be found from the point of view of economics, non-renewable resources and environmental protection.

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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE

    In the European Union, the building sector accounts for more than 40% of final energy consumption, contributing to the deterioration of the quality of the environment. Among the various solutions that aim to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by the operation of buildings, solar hot water systems (SHW) are popular. The choice of a SHW system is associated with the comfort of use and the access to low-cost energy. The design guidelines include the technical parameters for system operation such as materials, dimensions, sizing and operation temperatures. However, the legitimacy of choosing a particular solution and the available technical parameters are key issues. In the presented study, a multi-criteria analysis was proposed as a basis for the proper selection of system parameters, e.g., collector type, solar tank volume. A model of the SHW system was used to calculate the possible solutions, ensuring the same comfort of usage for several design options. The analyzed model was then used for the calculation of three various indicators: Simple Payback Time (SPBT), Primary Energy consumption (PE) and IMPACT 2002+. The application of a multi-criteria analysis based on a Life Cycle Assessment allowed for beneficial solutions to be found from the point of view of economics, non-renewable resources and environmental protection.

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    Energies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energies
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      Energies
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    Authors: orcid Piotr Olczak;
    Piotr Olczak
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    Piotr Olczak in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
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    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Dominika Matuszewska;
    Dominika Matuszewska
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    Dominika Matuszewska in OpenAIRE
    Małgorzata Olek;

    One way to reduce CO2 emissions is to replace conventional energy sources with renewable ones. In order to encourage prosumers to invest in renewable energy, EU Member States are developing renewable energy subsidy programs. In Poland, in the years 2019–2020, the “My Electricity” program was implemented, co-financing was up to 50% of eligible costs (max PLN 5000, i.e., EUR 1111), and the total cost of the program was 251 million euro. During this period, around 400,000 prosumer installations were created in Poland, including over 220,000 prosumer PV Installations under the My Electricity program. The total power of the installation under the “My Electricity” program was 1.295 GWp with an average installation power of 5.72 kWp. It is estimated that the micro-installations will produce approx. 1.4 TWh of electricity annually. Depending on the replaced source of electricity (coal, gas, mix), in the next 30 years, it will help to avoid 26.2–42.7 million Mg of greenhouse gases calculated as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq). The coefficient of subsidy expenditure from the “My Electricity” program was 194 EUR/kWp, and in the next 30 years, it will be 6.52 EUR/MWh. The investment in PV will save EUR 1550 million, which would have to be incurred for the purchase of CO2 emission permits.

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    Authors: orcid Piotr Olczak;
    Piotr Olczak
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    Piotr Olczak in OpenAIRE
    orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Dominika Matuszewska;
    Dominika Matuszewska
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    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Dominika Matuszewska in OpenAIRE
    Małgorzata Olek;

    One way to reduce CO2 emissions is to replace conventional energy sources with renewable ones. In order to encourage prosumers to invest in renewable energy, EU Member States are developing renewable energy subsidy programs. In Poland, in the years 2019–2020, the “My Electricity” program was implemented, co-financing was up to 50% of eligible costs (max PLN 5000, i.e., EUR 1111), and the total cost of the program was 251 million euro. During this period, around 400,000 prosumer installations were created in Poland, including over 220,000 prosumer PV Installations under the My Electricity program. The total power of the installation under the “My Electricity” program was 1.295 GWp with an average installation power of 5.72 kWp. It is estimated that the micro-installations will produce approx. 1.4 TWh of electricity annually. Depending on the replaced source of electricity (coal, gas, mix), in the next 30 years, it will help to avoid 26.2–42.7 million Mg of greenhouse gases calculated as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq). The coefficient of subsidy expenditure from the “My Electricity” program was 194 EUR/kWp, and in the next 30 years, it will be 6.52 EUR/MWh. The investment in PV will save EUR 1550 million, which would have to be incurred for the purchase of CO2 emission permits.

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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE
    Dmytro Kosaryha;

    Heat pumps are currently one of the most frequently applied heat sources in residential buildings. Ground source heat pumps are more reliable than air source heat pumps in terms of energy efficiency, especially in colder climates. However, they are more expensive and involve increased material inputs; therefore, multi-criteria analyses taking into account environmental and economic aspects seem necessary for the green design of these systems. The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of the ground source heat pump providing heating for a family house located in eastern Poland, cooperating with three types of ground heat exchangers (each in two sizing options): helix, vertical and horizontal. The multi-criteria analysis was based on the life cycle assessment methodology using IMPACT 2002+ and life cycle costs methods. The lowest environmental impact was reported for the variants with vertical ground heat exchangers, mainly due to their high efficiency in the operation stage. On the other hand, the lowest economic impact was observed for the horizontal heat exchangers, which are not demanding in terms of material and construction costs. Final recommendations based on multi-criteria analysis propose the vertical probes as a sustainable solution, with a weighted sum indicator in the range 0.085–0.297 on 0–1 scale.

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    Energies
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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE
    Dmytro Kosaryha;

    Heat pumps are currently one of the most frequently applied heat sources in residential buildings. Ground source heat pumps are more reliable than air source heat pumps in terms of energy efficiency, especially in colder climates. However, they are more expensive and involve increased material inputs; therefore, multi-criteria analyses taking into account environmental and economic aspects seem necessary for the green design of these systems. The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of the ground source heat pump providing heating for a family house located in eastern Poland, cooperating with three types of ground heat exchangers (each in two sizing options): helix, vertical and horizontal. The multi-criteria analysis was based on the life cycle assessment methodology using IMPACT 2002+ and life cycle costs methods. The lowest environmental impact was reported for the variants with vertical ground heat exchangers, mainly due to their high efficiency in the operation stage. On the other hand, the lowest economic impact was observed for the horizontal heat exchangers, which are not demanding in terms of material and construction costs. Final recommendations based on multi-criteria analysis propose the vertical probes as a sustainable solution, with a weighted sum indicator in the range 0.085–0.297 on 0–1 scale.

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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
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    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE

    Over the past decades, clean and renewable energy has become a subject of great interest to both science and industry in response to the pollution caused by conventional energy sources. Its useful form should always meet the requirements of high performance and low environmental impact, while remaining within the scope of the expected functionality. The purpose of study presented in this paper was to determine the operational characteristics for a recently developed photovoltaic (PV)-powered thermoelectric (TE) cooling system with heat recovery. The characteristics of operation of the tested system were determined within the use of a specially developed measurement system. The conducted experimental research allowed describing the conditions of power supply for TE module using PV system, calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) for the whole TE cooling system with heat recovery and calculate the environmental impact indicators based on the material and energy balance used for life cycle assessment (LCA).

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    Authors: orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
    orcid Justyna Gołębiowska;
    Justyna Gołębiowska
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Justyna Gołębiowska in OpenAIRE

    Over the past decades, clean and renewable energy has become a subject of great interest to both science and industry in response to the pollution caused by conventional energy sources. Its useful form should always meet the requirements of high performance and low environmental impact, while remaining within the scope of the expected functionality. The purpose of study presented in this paper was to determine the operational characteristics for a recently developed photovoltaic (PV)-powered thermoelectric (TE) cooling system with heat recovery. The characteristics of operation of the tested system were determined within the use of a specially developed measurement system. The conducted experimental research allowed describing the conditions of power supply for TE module using PV system, calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) for the whole TE cooling system with heat recovery and calculate the environmental impact indicators based on the material and energy balance used for life cycle assessment (LCA).

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Piotr Olczak; orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
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    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy for Sustainab...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy for Sustainable Development
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy for Sustainab...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy for Sustainable Development
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    Authors: Piotr Olczak; orcid Agnieszka Żelazna;
    Agnieszka Żelazna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Agnieszka Żelazna in OpenAIRE
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy for Sustainab...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy for Sustainable Development
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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