• Energy Research
• 7. Clean energy close

Abstract Computer-aided simulations are valuable research tools for investigation of the properties of nuclear materials at atomic scale. This is because in principle, comparing with the experimental techniques, any system could be computed, including the experimentally challenging radiotoxic materials, and the only limitation is the availability and performance of the supercomputing resources and the approximate character of computational methods. Here we present an overview of our research activities on atomistic simulations of materials related to nuclear waste management. We discuss various structural, chemical, energetic, thermodynamic and radiation damage resistance properties of phosphate-based ceramic waste forms and nuclear graphite. Emphasis is put on selecting a reliable computational methodology. Our atomistic modeling effort complements the relevant experimental studies. We demonstrate that the combined atomistic modeling and experimental studies result in superior characterization of the investigated nuclear materials.

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT)-based ab initio methods become standard research tools in various research fields, including nuclear materials science. However, having strongly correlated f -electrons, lanthanide- and actinide-bearing nuclear materials are computationally challenging for DFT methods and straightforward DFT calculations of these materials can easily produce false results. In this contribution we benchmark the DFT + U method, with the Hubbard U parameter derived ab initio , for prediction of structural and thermochemical parameters of nuclear materials, including various actinide-bearing molecular complexes and lanthanide-bearing monazite- and xenotime-type prospective ceramic nuclear waste host forms. Our studies show that the applied DFT + U method improves significantly prediction of DFT by producing results with uncertainties similar to those of the higher order, but computationally unfeasible ab initio methods, and the experimental data, and thus allows for reliable and feasible ab initio computation of even chemically complex nuclear materials.

LixFePO4 orthophosphates and fluorite- and pyrochlore-type zirconate materials are widely considered as functional compounds in energy storage devices, either as electrode or solid state electrolyte. These ceramic materials show enhanced cation exchange and anion conductivity properties that makes them attractive for various energy applications. In this contribution we discuss thermodynamic properties of LixFePO4 and yttria-stabilized zirconia compounds, including formation enthalpies, stability, and solubility limits. We found that at ambient conditions LixFePO4 has a large miscibility gap, which is consistent with existing experimental evidence. We show that cubic zirconia becomes stabilized with Y content of ~8%, which is in line with experimental observations. The computed activation energy of 0.92eV and ionic conductivity for oxygen diffusion in yttria-stabilized zirconia are also in line with the measured data, which shows that atomistic modeling can be applied for accurate prediction of key materials properties. We discuss these results with the existing simulation-based data on these materials produced by our group over the last decade. Last, but not least, we discuss similarities of the considered compounds in considering them as materials for energy storage and radiation damage resistant matrices for immobilization of radionuclides.

Efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion require high performance electrodes, electrolyte or catalyst materials. In this contribution we discuss the simulation-based effort made by Institute of Energy and Climate Research at Forschungszentrum Jülich (IEK-13) and partner institutions aimed at improvement of computational methodologies and providing molecular level understanding of energy materials. We focus on discussing correct computation of electronic structure, oxidation states and related redox reactions, phase transformation in doped oxides and challenges in computation of surface chemical reactions on oxides and metal surfaces in presence of electrolyte. Particularly, in the scope of this contribution we present new simulated data on Ni/Co and Am/U-bearing oxides, and Pb, Au and Ag metal surface materials. The computed results are combined with the available experimental data for thoughtful analysis of the computational methods performance.