• Energy Research

This research has been developed in the framework of the OMEGA-CM programme and the experimental facility was initially developed under the PSE-ARFRISOL project. The OMEGA-CM programme, ref. S2013/MAE2835, is a multidisciplinary R&D programme supported by the Madrid Regional Government and co-financed by EU Structural Funds. The PSE-ARFRISOL, ref. PSE-120000-2005-1, is a scientific-technical research project of singular character, supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and co-financed by FEDER funds. The authors thank OMEGA-CM and ARFRISOL members.

Commercial and residential building is one of the four major final energy consumption and end-use sectors. In this sector, cooling loads represent an important part of the energy consumption, and therefore, they must be minimized, improving the energy efficiency of buildings. Ventilated façades are one of the most widely used passive elements that are integrated into buildings, precisely with the aim of reducing these loads. This reduction is due to the airflow induced in the air cavity by the buoyancy forces, when the solar radiation heats the outer layer of the façade. In the open joint ventilated facades (OJVF), ventilation is attained through the open joints between the panels composing the outer layer. Despite the steadily growing research in the characterization of this type of system, few studies combine the numerical modelling of OJVF with experimental results for the assessment of the airflow in the ventilated cavities. This paper experimentally validates a numerical simulation model of an OJVF. Firstly, the façade performance has been experimentally assessed in a laboratory model determining the temperatures in the panels and air gap and measuring the flow field at the gap using particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques. Secondly, a numerical model has been developed using advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation tools. Finally, an experimental validation of the numerical model has been done. Experimental and numerical results are compared in different planes inside the ventilated cavity. The discrete ordinates (DO) radiation model and the k-ε renormalisation group (RNG) turbulence model better adjust the simulated results to the experimental ones.

his research was done under the PSE-ARFRISOL project (reference PSE-120000-2005-1), a scientific-technical research project of singular character, supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Plan (Plan Nacional de I+D+I) 2004–2007 from the Spanish Science and Innovation Authority (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), funded with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF).

International Conference on Clean Energy and Electrical Systems (CEES 2022) (4th. 2022. Tokyo, Japan) As buildings consume a considerable portion of the global energy output and have a key role in greenhouse gas emissions, several steps have been taken to lower the energy and emissions from buildings especially through the adoption of renewable energy sources. The emerging building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies act as replacements for conventional building envelopes as well as energy generation sources. The purpose is examining, through parametric analysis, the potentials of energy-efficient building solutions in different hot climatic regions. Through an enviro-economic assessment, a building envelope solution is proposed that enhances the building energy performance in terms of reducing the building energy use, generating green energy, and reducing indoor thermal discomfort. Results showed that CO2 emission reductions ranged from 9% to 31% and the discomfort hours reductions ranged from 10% to 25% based on the model specifications. Moreover, several financial elements were considered such as IRR, ROI, NPV and the Payback period were calculated for each model. Promising numbers were obtained in terms of the economic analysis of the models. The models demonstrate an IRR index of 26.45%, 21.6%, and 16.85% for Aswan, Cairo, and Alexandria, respectively, an ROI index of 18.32%, 15.68%, and 13.23% for Aswan, Cairo, and Alexandria, respectively, with nearly half the PBP in all locations. According to the techno-economic outcomes, the Reflective paint model integrated with the Glazing Integrated PV tends to be the most cost-effective implementation in the three different locations.

Abstract A glazed gallery in most old buildings is a space located on the first floor (and/or higher floors), facing south and almost fully glazed. As a result of the large glazed area and the orientation of the gallery, its temperature is warmer than the exterior and, in cold weather, it is used both as a space to insulate the adjacent rooms and as a leisure area, among other applications. In the framework of the ARFRISOL project (Bioclimatic Architecture and Solar Cooling), a demonstration container has been constructed in northern Spain (Asturias) which includes, among other bioclimatic elements, a glazed gallery. This gallery is considered as an element of Bioclimatic Architecture that enables solar radiation to be collected and the energy obtained to be used to support the building's air conditioning system. It consists of a south-facing glazed exterior wall, an intermediate space or passage and a partially glazed interior wall. Dampers located in the floor and ceiling of the intermediate space and connected to the air ducts enable the air circulating inside the gallery to be heated or cooled, depending on the season of the year, before it is further conditioned and conveyed to the rooms. This paper focuses on the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the airflow inside the gallery. The aim is to obtain a model to evaluate the thermal energy obtained in this architectural feature, integrating the effect of certain variables, such as the incident solar irradiation, the outdoor temperature and the air flow rate circulating in the gallery.

This research was done under the PSE-ARFRISOL project (reference PSE-120000-2005-1). PSE-ARFRISOL is a scientific-technical research project of singular character, supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Plan (Plan Nacional de I+D+i) 2004-2007 from the Spanish Education and Science Authority (Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia), funded with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF).

La quantification du rayonnement solaire incident sur une surface est une tâche complexe qui nécessite la connaissance des caractéristiques géométriques, géographiques, astronomiques, physiques et météorologiques de l'emplacement. Le but de cet article est d'analyser les processus d'atténuation du rayonnement solaire et de passer en revue les travaux scientifiques dans ce domaine, en particulier les modèles analytiques pour le calcul de l'irradiance solaire, ainsi que d'établir une méthode alternative pour calculer l'ampleur de la transmittance atmosphérique globale. Des modèles analytiques ont été développés depuis 1940 et leur précision et leur complexité se sont améliorées. Jusqu'à présent, le modèle Bird & Hulstrom est le plus complet et le plus précis de tous. Le principal inconvénient de ce modèle est qu'un grand nombre d'équations et de paramètres tels que la température, les heures d'ensoleillement, l'humidité, etc. sont nécessaires. Dans cet article, une nouvelle méthode très rapide et précise est développée pour quantifier les irradiations solaires sur n'importe quel site. L'analyse montre que les paramètres requis ne sont que le type de climat, l'altitude et l'état de l'atmosphère. Cette méthode permet également de quantifier l'influence du degré de turbidité dans les irradiations directes et diffuses. Ces informations sont essentielles pour sélectionner les technologies solaires qui conviennent à chaque endroit. En tant qu'application, la nouvelle méthode a été mise en œuvre et caractérisée au Mexique. L'énergie solaire est une ressource abondante au Mexique, et il existe des études sur le potentiel de l'énergie solaire dans ce pays, mais l'influence des facteurs physiques et météorologiques sur le rayonnement solaire n'a pas été liée. Dans cette étude, les informations météorologiques de 74 stations météorologiques situées dans différents climats du pays ont été utilisées pour déterminer les paramètres requis. Les résultats ont été validés avec des données expérimentales disponibles pour différents sites. Cuantificar la radiación solar incidente sobre una superficie es una tarea compleja que requiere el conocimiento de las características geométricas, geográficas, astronómicas, físicas y meteorológicas de la ubicación. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los procesos de atenuación de la radiación solar y revisar los trabajos científicos en este campo, específicamente los modelos analíticos para el cálculo de la irradiancia solar, así como establecer un método alternativo para calcular la magnitud de la transmitancia atmosférica global. Los modelos analíticos se han desarrollado desde 1940 y han ido mejorando en precisión y complejidad. Hasta ahora, el modelo Bird & Hulstrom es el más completo y preciso de todos. La principal desventaja de este modelo es que se requiere un gran número de ecuaciones y parámetros como temperatura, horas de sol, humedad, etc. En este documento, se desarrolla un nuevo método muy rápido y preciso para cuantificar las irradiancias solares en cualquier sitio. El análisis muestra que los parámetros requeridos son solo el tipo de clima, la altitud y el estado de la atmósfera. Este método también permite cuantificar la influencia del grado de turbidez tanto en irradiaciones directas como difusas. Esa información es esencial para seleccionar qué tecnologías solares son adecuadas en cada lugar. Como aplicación, el nuevo método ha sido implementado y caracterizado en México. La energía solar es un recurso abundante en México, y existen algunos estudios sobre el potencial de energía solar en ese país, pero no se ha relacionado la influencia de factores físicos y meteorológicos en la radiación solar. En este estudio se utilizó la información meteorológica de 74 estaciones meteorológicas ubicadas en diferentes climas del país para determinar los parámetros requeridos. Los resultados se han validado con datos experimentales disponibles para diferentes ubicaciones. Quantifying incident solar radiation on a surface is a complex task that requires the knowledge of geometric, geographical, astronomical, physical and meteorological characteristics of the location. The aim of this paper is to analyze the attenuation processes of the solar radiation and to review the scientific works in this field, specifically the analytical models for solar irradiance calculation, as well as to establish an alternative method to compute the magnitude of the overall atmospheric transmittance. Analytical models have been developed since 1940 and they have been improving in precision and complexity. Up until now, the Bird & Hulstrom model is the most complete and accurate of them all. The main disadvantage of this model is that a great number of equations and parameters such as temperature, sunshine hours, humidity, etc. are required. In this paper, a very fast and accurate new method is developed to quantify solar irradiances at any site. The analysis shows that the parameters required are only the type of climate, altitude and state of the atmosphere. This method also allows to quantify the influence of the turbidity degree in both direct and diffuse irradiances. That information is essential to select which solar technologies are suitable in each place. As an application, the new method has been implemented and characterized in Mexico. Solar energy is an abundant resource in Mexico, and there are some studies about the solar energy potential in that country, but the influence of physical and meteorological factors on the solar radiation have not been related. In this study, the meteorological information of 74 weather stations located in different climates of the country were used to determine the parameters required. The results have been validated with experimental data available for different locations. يعد القياس الكمي للإشعاع الشمسي الساقط على السطح مهمة معقدة تتطلب معرفة الخصائص الهندسية والجغرافية والفلكية والفيزيائية والأرصاد الجوية للموقع. الهدف من هذه الورقة هو تحليل عمليات توهين الإشعاع الشمسي ومراجعة الأعمال العلمية في هذا المجال، وتحديدًا النماذج التحليلية لحساب الإشعاع الشمسي، وكذلك إنشاء طريقة بديلة لحساب حجم النفاذية الجوية الإجمالية. تم تطوير النماذج التحليلية منذ عام 1940 وتحسنت من حيث الدقة والتعقيد. حتى الآن، يعد نموذج Bird & Hulstrom الأكثر اكتمالًا ودقة من بينها جميعًا. العيب الرئيسي لهذا النموذج هو أن هناك حاجة إلى عدد كبير من المعادلات والمعلمات مثل درجة الحرارة وساعات أشعة الشمس والرطوبة وما إلى ذلك. في هذه الورقة، تم تطوير طريقة جديدة سريعة ودقيقة للغاية لقياس الإشعاع الشمسي في أي موقع. يوضح التحليل أن المعلمات المطلوبة هي فقط نوع المناخ والارتفاع وحالة الغلاف الجوي. تسمح هذه الطريقة أيضًا بتحديد تأثير درجة التعكر في كل من الإشعاعات المباشرة والمنتشرة. هذه المعلومات ضرورية لاختيار تقنيات الطاقة الشمسية المناسبة في كل مكان. كتطبيق، تم تنفيذ الطريقة الجديدة وتميزها في المكسيك. الطاقة الشمسية مورد وفير في المكسيك، وهناك بعض الدراسات حول إمكانات الطاقة الشمسية في ذلك البلد، لكن تأثير العوامل الفيزيائية والأرصاد الجوية على الإشعاع الشمسي لم يكن مرتبطًا. في هذه الدراسة، تم استخدام معلومات الأرصاد الجوية لـ 74 محطة أرصاد جوية تقع في مناخات مختلفة من البلاد لتحديد المعلمات المطلوبة. تم التحقق من صحة النتائج من خلال البيانات التجريبية المتاحة لمواقع مختلفة.