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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Allauddin, Usman; orcid Rafique, Muhammad U.;
    Rafique, Muhammad U.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rafique, Muhammad U. in OpenAIRE
    Malik, Osama; Rashid, Osama; +4 Authors

    Parabolic trough collectors (PTC) are an already established technology set to prove its competitiveness. Recently, a lot of research is ongoing to further enhance the thermal performance of PTC systems. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can help in the design and development of PTCs with optimized thermal efficiency. In the current work, a combined enhancement in the performance of a PTC is evaluated, involving modifications to the geometry of the absorber tube and the use of a heat transfer fluid (HTF) (Syltherm800). Absorber tube geometries involving dimpled protrusions (d-PTC) and circumferential inclined ribs (IR-PTC) are used. The performance of PTC with and without turbulators is compared with that of a smooth absorber tube by calculating the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f) and performance evaluation criterion (PEC). PEC values of 1.46 and 1.18 are observed by using inclined ribs and dimpled protrusions, respectively at an absorber tube inlet temperature (Tin) of 500 K and mass flow rate (m) of 0.5 kg s−1. Thus, a significant enhancement in thermo-hydraulic performance of PTC is observed with inclined rib turbulators.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cranfield University...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Cranfield CERES
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Thermal Engineering
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cranfield University...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Cranfield CERES
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Thermal Engineering
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Allauddin, Usman; orcid Rafique, Muhammad U.;
    Rafique, Muhammad U.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Rafique, Muhammad U. in OpenAIRE
    Malik, Osama; Rashid, Osama; +4 Authors

    Parabolic trough collectors (PTC) are an already established technology set to prove its competitiveness. Recently, a lot of research is ongoing to further enhance the thermal performance of PTC systems. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can help in the design and development of PTCs with optimized thermal efficiency. In the current work, a combined enhancement in the performance of a PTC is evaluated, involving modifications to the geometry of the absorber tube and the use of a heat transfer fluid (HTF) (Syltherm800). Absorber tube geometries involving dimpled protrusions (d-PTC) and circumferential inclined ribs (IR-PTC) are used. The performance of PTC with and without turbulators is compared with that of a smooth absorber tube by calculating the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f) and performance evaluation criterion (PEC). PEC values of 1.46 and 1.18 are observed by using inclined ribs and dimpled protrusions, respectively at an absorber tube inlet temperature (Tin) of 500 K and mass flow rate (m) of 0.5 kg s−1. Thus, a significant enhancement in thermo-hydraulic performance of PTC is observed with inclined rib turbulators.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cranfield University...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Cranfield CERES
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Applied Thermal Engineering
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cranfield University...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Cranfield CERES
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Applied Thermal Engineering
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim
  • Authors: Christine Delord; orcid Olivier Raccurt;
    Olivier Raccurt
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Olivier Raccurt in OpenAIRE
    Hind Grirate; orcid Nadia Zari;
    Nadia Zari
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Nadia Zari in OpenAIRE
    +5 Authors

    CSP power plants are largely planned in Morocco. However, their components are subject of weather ageing at different areas in the country and thermal storage has a very important impact on power plants operation. For this reason MAScIR foundation and CEA-LITEN collaborate on two studies concerning mirrors ageing under Moroccan weather and an improvement of thermal storage on natural rocks. In this paper, description of the methodology is done and some results are given.

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  • Authors: Christine Delord; orcid Olivier Raccurt;
    Olivier Raccurt
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Olivier Raccurt in OpenAIRE
    Hind Grirate; orcid Nadia Zari;
    Nadia Zari
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Nadia Zari in OpenAIRE
    +5 Authors

    CSP power plants are largely planned in Morocco. However, their components are subject of weather ageing at different areas in the country and thermal storage has a very important impact on power plants operation. For this reason MAScIR foundation and CEA-LITEN collaborate on two studies concerning mirrors ageing under Moroccan weather and an improvement of thermal storage on natural rocks. In this paper, description of the methodology is done and some results are given.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Leonardo Micheli;
    Leonardo Micheli
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Leonardo Micheli in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Greg P. Smestad;
    Greg P. Smestad
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Greg P. Smestad in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Muhammad Zahid Khan;
    Muhammad Zahid Khan
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Muhammad Zahid Khan in OpenAIRE
    orcid Katja Lange;
    Katja Lange
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Katja Lange in OpenAIRE
    +17 Authors

    The use of image analysis has often been suggested as a practical way to monitor the soiling accumulated on the surfaces of solar energy conversion devices. Indeed, the deposited soiling particles can be counted and characterized to calculate the area they cover, and this area can be converted into an energy loss. However, several particle counting methodologies exist and can lead to dissimilar results. This work focuses on the role of thresholding, an essential step where particles are distinguished from a background based on the pixel brightness. Sixteen automatic thresholding methods are assessed using 13 200 micrographs of glass coupons soiled at nine locations globally. In low‐to‐intermediate soiling conditions, the “Triangle” method is found to return the minimum coefficient of variation and a mean deviation closer to zero. On the other hand, methods assuming a bimodal distribution of pixel brightness underestimate the area coverage. In addition, since soiling can be unevenly distributed over a surface, different loss estimations can be returned when the same image analysis process is used on different spots on a sample's surface. For these reasons, image analysis should be repeated at multiple locations on each investigated surface.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Solar RRL
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/a1...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/e6...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid Leonardo Micheli;
    Leonardo Micheli
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Leonardo Micheli in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Greg P. Smestad;
    Greg P. Smestad
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Greg P. Smestad in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Muhammad Zahid Khan;
    Muhammad Zahid Khan
    ORCID
    Derived by OpenAIRE algorithms or harvested from 3rd party repositories

    Muhammad Zahid Khan in OpenAIRE
    orcid Katja Lange;
    Katja Lange
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Katja Lange in OpenAIRE
    +17 Authors

    The use of image analysis has often been suggested as a practical way to monitor the soiling accumulated on the surfaces of solar energy conversion devices. Indeed, the deposited soiling particles can be counted and characterized to calculate the area they cover, and this area can be converted into an energy loss. However, several particle counting methodologies exist and can lead to dissimilar results. This work focuses on the role of thresholding, an essential step where particles are distinguished from a background based on the pixel brightness. Sixteen automatic thresholding methods are assessed using 13 200 micrographs of glass coupons soiled at nine locations globally. In low‐to‐intermediate soiling conditions, the “Triangle” method is found to return the minimum coefficient of variation and a mean deviation closer to zero. On the other hand, methods assuming a bimodal distribution of pixel brightness underestimate the area coverage. In addition, since soiling can be unevenly distributed over a surface, different loss estimations can be returned when the same image analysis process is used on different spots on a sample's surface. For these reasons, image analysis should be repeated at multiple locations on each investigated surface.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Solar RRL
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/a1...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/e6...
    Other literature type . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Karim M;
    Karim M
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Karim M in OpenAIRE
    Naamane, S.; Delord, C.; orcid Bennouna, A.;
    Bennouna, A.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Bennouna, A. in OpenAIRE

    Abstract During their functioning in concentrated solar power plant – CSP, Glass mirrors are exposed to several climate conditions that cause their degradation. Surface erosion is among mechanical degradation phenomena that can alter mirrors surface and cause a decrease of the overall performance of the CSP plant. Several parameters are influencing this degradation phenomenon, namely the impact speed, the impact angle and the erosive sand particles properties. In this study, we proceed by simulation tests to investigate the effect of surface erosion phenomenon on thin glass mirrors. In order to be representative of the natural degradation phenomenon, the inputs parameters are chosen according to collected data from two different sites in Morocco. Results of simulation tests analysis indicate that the loss in specular reflectance increases with the impact speed. By analyzing the effect of the impact angle, it was discovered that the maximum surface erosion is observed at normal impact angle of 90°. Concerning the effect of sand particles properties on optical degradation, it was found that this latter increases by increasing the sand particle’s size which increase the erosion surface rate. In addition, it was shown that the sand particle’s sharpness presents a precursor for surface erosion phenomenon.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Solar Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Solar Energy
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid Karim M;
    Karim M
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Karim M in OpenAIRE
    Naamane, S.; Delord, C.; orcid Bennouna, A.;
    Bennouna, A.
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Bennouna, A. in OpenAIRE

    Abstract During their functioning in concentrated solar power plant – CSP, Glass mirrors are exposed to several climate conditions that cause their degradation. Surface erosion is among mechanical degradation phenomena that can alter mirrors surface and cause a decrease of the overall performance of the CSP plant. Several parameters are influencing this degradation phenomenon, namely the impact speed, the impact angle and the erosive sand particles properties. In this study, we proceed by simulation tests to investigate the effect of surface erosion phenomenon on thin glass mirrors. In order to be representative of the natural degradation phenomenon, the inputs parameters are chosen according to collected data from two different sites in Morocco. Results of simulation tests analysis indicate that the loss in specular reflectance increases with the impact speed. By analyzing the effect of the impact angle, it was discovered that the maximum surface erosion is observed at normal impact angle of 90°. Concerning the effect of sand particles properties on optical degradation, it was found that this latter increases by increasing the sand particle’s size which increase the erosion surface rate. In addition, it was shown that the sand particle’s sharpness presents a precursor for surface erosion phenomenon.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Solar Energy
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Solar Energy
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: C. Delord; orcid Amin Bennouna;
    Amin Bennouna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Amin Bennouna in OpenAIRE
    Sanae Naamane; orcid M. Karim;
    M. Karim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    M. Karim in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    Abstract During their operation in Concentrated Solar Power plants (CSP), solar reflectors are exposed to harsh climatic conditions which cause their degradation. Surface damage caused by direct impact or by mechanical contact cleaning is among phenomena that decrease the optical performance of solar mirrors. This degradation is directly related to the exposure site properties. Up to now, no standardized mechanical durability standard exists related to the site exposure conditions. The originality of the present study is to find out which geological and climatic parameters are influencing the surface wear rate of the solar mirrors and to define an approach to determine these parameters on each potential implantation site. This approach was applied on two sites in Morocco with more than 500 km between them: a desert site and a seaside site. The aim of this work is to identify the influencing parameters on the surface damage phenomenon. Additional studies are ongoing in this direction to define a criterion to evaluate how external conditions of an implantation site can affect the surface damage of solar mirrors and to define the weighting of the parameters to get a “level of surface damage” of each potential site. By analyzing the exposure conditions impact on mirror’s surface damage, the sustainability of the solar reflectors can be determined. The present study can also help the investors to optimize the performance of the solar power plant by choosing the appropriate technology and materials for each implementation site.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Solar Energy
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Solar Energy
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: C. Delord; orcid Amin Bennouna;
    Amin Bennouna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Amin Bennouna in OpenAIRE
    Sanae Naamane; orcid M. Karim;
    M. Karim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    M. Karim in OpenAIRE
    +3 Authors

    Abstract During their operation in Concentrated Solar Power plants (CSP), solar reflectors are exposed to harsh climatic conditions which cause their degradation. Surface damage caused by direct impact or by mechanical contact cleaning is among phenomena that decrease the optical performance of solar mirrors. This degradation is directly related to the exposure site properties. Up to now, no standardized mechanical durability standard exists related to the site exposure conditions. The originality of the present study is to find out which geological and climatic parameters are influencing the surface wear rate of the solar mirrors and to define an approach to determine these parameters on each potential implantation site. This approach was applied on two sites in Morocco with more than 500 km between them: a desert site and a seaside site. The aim of this work is to identify the influencing parameters on the surface damage phenomenon. Additional studies are ongoing in this direction to define a criterion to evaluate how external conditions of an implantation site can affect the surface damage of solar mirrors and to define the weighting of the parameters to get a “level of surface damage” of each potential site. By analyzing the exposure conditions impact on mirror’s surface damage, the sustainability of the solar reflectors can be determined. The present study can also help the investors to optimize the performance of the solar power plant by choosing the appropriate technology and materials for each implementation site.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Solar Energy
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Solar Energy
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Amal Matal; orcid Mounia Karim;
    Mounia Karim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mounia Karim in OpenAIRE
    Sanae Naamane;

    Abstract The main objective of this paper is to design, calibrate and make functional a horizontal test bench used to carry out the experimental simulation of solar reflectors erosion induced by sand particles. The developed equipment provides the possibility to control the air speed, the impact angle between the fluid flow and the target surface as well as the mass rate of the ejected particles. The originality of this work lies on the introduction of a new parameter, identified as, the unified sand mass received by the samples in each test, without considering the experiments conditions (air speed, impact angle, etc.) by acting on the ejected sand mass poured in the sand container. To make the setup operational, a set of calibration tests was conducted under multiple scenarios. The collected data from the calibration tests were analyzed to choose the appropriate configuration. A multiple linear regression function was applied to analyze the influence of the inputs parameters on the tests repeatability. A descriptive equation calculating the amount of sand needed to ensure the unified sand mass, homogeneity and repeatability of the experiments is introduced. The results of erosion simulation carried on solar glass reflectors are also presented; for an air speed of 25 m/s, the reflectance loss is two times greater in 90° (11.03%) than the registered in 45° (5.31%). The developed bench should help researchers to set up their devices for the conduction of advanced experiments ensuring that the obtained results are as repeatable as efficient.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Solar Energy
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Solar Energy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Amal Matal; orcid Mounia Karim;
    Mounia Karim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Mounia Karim in OpenAIRE
    Sanae Naamane;

    Abstract The main objective of this paper is to design, calibrate and make functional a horizontal test bench used to carry out the experimental simulation of solar reflectors erosion induced by sand particles. The developed equipment provides the possibility to control the air speed, the impact angle between the fluid flow and the target surface as well as the mass rate of the ejected particles. The originality of this work lies on the introduction of a new parameter, identified as, the unified sand mass received by the samples in each test, without considering the experiments conditions (air speed, impact angle, etc.) by acting on the ejected sand mass poured in the sand container. To make the setup operational, a set of calibration tests was conducted under multiple scenarios. The collected data from the calibration tests were analyzed to choose the appropriate configuration. A multiple linear regression function was applied to analyze the influence of the inputs parameters on the tests repeatability. A descriptive equation calculating the amount of sand needed to ensure the unified sand mass, homogeneity and repeatability of the experiments is introduced. The results of erosion simulation carried on solar glass reflectors are also presented; for an air speed of 25 m/s, the reflectance loss is two times greater in 90° (11.03%) than the registered in 45° (5.31%). The developed bench should help researchers to set up their devices for the conduction of advanced experiments ensuring that the obtained results are as repeatable as efficient.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Solar Energyarrow_drop_down
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    Solar Energy
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Solar Energy
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: C. Delord; orcid Amin Bennouna;
    Amin Bennouna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Amin Bennouna in OpenAIRE
    Sanae Naamane; orcid M. Karim;
    M. Karim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    M. Karim in OpenAIRE

    AbstractSolar mirrors are exposed, during their operation in Concentrated Solar Power plants –CSP-, to climatic stress factors that cause their degradation and therefore a decrease in the global efficiency of the plant. Sandstorms are among parameters that cause a decrease of mirrors optical performances by generating surface erosion. The intensity and the gravity of this erosion phenomenon is function of climatic, geological parameters and mirrors surface nature.To evaluate the effect of these parameters on the optical performance degradation, two approaches were adopted, namely the natural aging tests in two different sites in Morocco, and the aging tests in controlled environment in a sandblasting chamber. The objectives are, by monitoring the stress factors in natural aging sites, to define aging tests under controlled environment that reproduce similar degradation phenomenon that those observed on mirrors exposed in natural aging sites. Degradations observed in both natural and controlled aging tests are compared and correlated to validate the methodologies and the hypotheses on the analysis of the degradation phenomenon. The aging tests in controlled environment permits the evaluation of the effect of each influencing parameter separately from the others on the mirrors surface erosion, and eventually accelerate the apparition of surface erosion on mirrors.Under controlled environment, tests show that glass mirrors present maximum surface erosion at normal impact angle and that the loss in specular reflectivity is directly related to the wind speed. Exposed mirrors in natural aging sites present low loss in reflectivity which doesn’t exceed 0.4% after 240 days of outdoor exposure. Concerning the effect of sand properties on erosion phenomenon, it was found that the sand hardness affect the roughness parameters, whilethe sharp forms influence on the impactsproperties(roughness parameters, impacts number, impacted area, impacts size diameter). By increasing the sand particle's size, the impacted area increase and the losses in relative specular reflectivity increase.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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    Energy Procedia
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    Energy Procedia
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    Authors: C. Delord; orcid Amin Bennouna;
    Amin Bennouna
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Amin Bennouna in OpenAIRE
    Sanae Naamane; orcid M. Karim;
    M. Karim
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    M. Karim in OpenAIRE

    AbstractSolar mirrors are exposed, during their operation in Concentrated Solar Power plants –CSP-, to climatic stress factors that cause their degradation and therefore a decrease in the global efficiency of the plant. Sandstorms are among parameters that cause a decrease of mirrors optical performances by generating surface erosion. The intensity and the gravity of this erosion phenomenon is function of climatic, geological parameters and mirrors surface nature.To evaluate the effect of these parameters on the optical performance degradation, two approaches were adopted, namely the natural aging tests in two different sites in Morocco, and the aging tests in controlled environment in a sandblasting chamber. The objectives are, by monitoring the stress factors in natural aging sites, to define aging tests under controlled environment that reproduce similar degradation phenomenon that those observed on mirrors exposed in natural aging sites. Degradations observed in both natural and controlled aging tests are compared and correlated to validate the methodologies and the hypotheses on the analysis of the degradation phenomenon. The aging tests in controlled environment permits the evaluation of the effect of each influencing parameter separately from the others on the mirrors surface erosion, and eventually accelerate the apparition of surface erosion on mirrors.Under controlled environment, tests show that glass mirrors present maximum surface erosion at normal impact angle and that the loss in specular reflectivity is directly related to the wind speed. Exposed mirrors in natural aging sites present low loss in reflectivity which doesn’t exceed 0.4% after 240 days of outdoor exposure. Concerning the effect of sand properties on erosion phenomenon, it was found that the sand hardness affect the roughness parameters, whilethe sharp forms influence on the impactsproperties(roughness parameters, impacts number, impacted area, impacts size diameter). By increasing the sand particle's size, the impacted area increase and the losses in relative specular reflectivity increase.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2015
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      Energy Procedia
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    Authors: orcid bw Smestad, Greg P.;
    Smestad, Greg P.
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    orcid Anderson, Cody;
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    orcid bw Fuke, Pavan;
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    The accumulation of soiling on photovoltaic modules and on the mirrors of concentrating solar power systems causes non-negligible energy losses with economic consequences. These challenges can be mitigated, or even prevented, through appropriate actions if the magnitude of soiling is known. Particle counting analysis is a common procedure to characterize soiling, as it can be easily performed on micrographs of glass coupons or solar devices that have been exposed to the environment. Particle counting does not, however, yield invariant results across institutions. The particle size distribution analysis is affected by the operator of the image analysis software and the methodology utilized. The results of a round-robin study are presented in this work to explore and elucidate the uncertainty related to particle counting and its effect on the characterization of the soiling of glass surfaces used in solar energy conversion systems. An international group of soiling experts analysed the same 8 micrographs using the same open-source ImageJ software package. The variation in the particle analyses results were investigated to identify specimen characteristics with the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) and the least uncertainty among the various operators. The mean particle diameter showed the lowest CV among the investigated characteristics, whereas the number of particles exhibited the largest CV. Additional parameters, such as the fractional area coverage by particles and parameters related to the distribution's shape yielded intermediate CV values. These results can provide insights on the magnitude inter-lab variability and uncertainty for optical and microscope-based soiling monitoring and characterization.

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    Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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      Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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    Authors: orcid bw Smestad, Greg P.;
    Smestad, Greg P.
    ORCID
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    Smestad, Greg P. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Anderson, Cody;
    Anderson, Cody
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    orcid Cholette, Michael E.;
    Cholette, Michael E.
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    orcid bw Fuke, Pavan;
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    The accumulation of soiling on photovoltaic modules and on the mirrors of concentrating solar power systems causes non-negligible energy losses with economic consequences. These challenges can be mitigated, or even prevented, through appropriate actions if the magnitude of soiling is known. Particle counting analysis is a common procedure to characterize soiling, as it can be easily performed on micrographs of glass coupons or solar devices that have been exposed to the environment. Particle counting does not, however, yield invariant results across institutions. The particle size distribution analysis is affected by the operator of the image analysis software and the methodology utilized. The results of a round-robin study are presented in this work to explore and elucidate the uncertainty related to particle counting and its effect on the characterization of the soiling of glass surfaces used in solar energy conversion systems. An international group of soiling experts analysed the same 8 micrographs using the same open-source ImageJ software package. The variation in the particle analyses results were investigated to identify specimen characteristics with the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) and the least uncertainty among the various operators. The mean particle diameter showed the lowest CV among the investigated characteristics, whereas the number of particles exhibited the largest CV. Additional parameters, such as the fractional area coverage by particles and parameters related to the distribution's shape yielded intermediate CV values. These results can provide insights on the magnitude inter-lab variability and uncertainty for optical and microscope-based soiling monitoring and characterization.

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    Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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      Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
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    Authors: orcid Mounia Karim;
    Mounia Karim
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    orcid bw Christopher Sansom;
    Christopher Sansom
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    orcid Peter King;
    Peter King
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    orcid Heather Almond;
    Heather Almond
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    Heather Almond in OpenAIRE
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    The durability of thick solar glass mirrors has been evaluated in this study by exposing samples at two potential exposure sites. Samples have been exposed for a period of 18 months at different orientations (North, South, East, and West) to evaluate the impact of orientation on the durability. The samples performance has been evaluated by measuring the specular reflectance of the glass samples before and after an appropriate cleaning process. In addition, the contact angle and the surface energy have been analysed. Obtained results show that mirror durability is very specific to the environmental conditions of the exposure site.

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    SolarPACES Conference Proceedings
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    Authors: orcid Mounia Karim;
    Mounia Karim
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    orcid bw Christopher Sansom;
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    orcid Peter King;
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    orcid Heather Almond;
    Heather Almond
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    Heather Almond in OpenAIRE
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    The durability of thick solar glass mirrors has been evaluated in this study by exposing samples at two potential exposure sites. Samples have been exposed for a period of 18 months at different orientations (North, South, East, and West) to evaluate the impact of orientation on the durability. The samples performance has been evaluated by measuring the specular reflectance of the glass samples before and after an appropriate cleaning process. In addition, the contact angle and the surface energy have been analysed. Obtained results show that mirror durability is very specific to the environmental conditions of the exposure site.

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    Authors: Guerguer, Mohamed; Naamane, Sanae; orcid Karim, Mounia;
    Karim, Mounia
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    Authors: Guerguer, Mohamed; Naamane, Sanae; orcid Karim, Mounia;
    Karim, Mounia
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