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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gerardo Flores Llampazo; Aurélie Dourdain; Jean-Louis Doucet; Sean C. Thomas; +196 Authors

    Thermal sensitivity of tropical trees A key uncertainty in climate change models is the thermal sensitivity of tropical forests and how this value might influence carbon fluxes. Sullivan et al. measured carbon stocks and fluxes in permanent forest plots distributed globally. This synthesis of plot networks across climatic and biogeographic gradients shows that forest thermal sensitivity is dominated by high daytime temperatures. This extreme condition depresses growth rates and shortens the time that carbon resides in the ecosystem by killing trees under hot, dry conditions. The effect of temperature is worse above 32°C, and a greater magnitude of climate change thus risks greater loss of tropical forest carbon stocks. Nevertheless, forest carbon stocks are likely to remain higher under moderate climate change if they are protected from direct impacts such as clearance, logging, or fires. Science , this issue p. 869

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • Authors: Amy C. Bennett; Thaiane R. Sousa; Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza; Adriane Esquível-Muelbert; +96 Authors

    Résumé Le puits de carbone des forêts tropicales est connu pour être sensible à la sécheresse, mais on ne sait pas quelles forêts sont les plus vulnérables aux événements extrêmes. Les forêts avec des conditions de base plus chaudes et plus sèches peuvent être protégées par une adaptation préalable, ou plus vulnérables parce qu'elles fonctionnent plus près des limites physiologiques. Ici, nous rapportons que les forêts dans les climats sud-américains plus secs ont connu les plus grands impacts du El Niño 2015–2016, indiquant une plus grande vulnérabilité aux températures extrêmes et à la sécheresse. Les réponses à long terme, mesurées au sol, arbre par arbre de 123 parcelles forestières à travers l'Amérique du Sud tropicale montrent que le puits de carbone de la biomasse a cessé pendant l'événement, le bilan carbone devenant indiscernable de zéro (−0,02 ± 0,37 Mg C ha −1 par an). Cependant, les forêts tropicales intactes d'Amérique du Sud dans l'ensemble n'étaient pas plus sensibles à l'extrême El Niño 2015–2016 qu'aux événements précédents moins intenses, restant une défense clé contre le changement climatique tant qu'elles sont protégées. Resumen Se sabe que el sumidero de carbono del bosque tropical es sensible a la sequía, pero no está claro qué bosques son los más vulnerables a los eventos extremos. Los bosques con condiciones de referencia más cálidas y secas pueden estar protegidos por una adaptación previa, o ser más vulnerables porque operan más cerca de los límites fisiológicos. Aquí informamos que los bosques en climas más secos de América del Sur experimentaron los mayores impactos de El Niño 2015–2016, lo que indica una mayor vulnerabilidad a las temperaturas extremas y la sequía. Las respuestas árbol por árbol medidas en el suelo a largo plazo de 123 parcelas forestales en América del Sur tropical muestran que el sumidero de carbono de biomasa cesó durante el evento y el balance de carbono se volvió indistinguible de cero (-0,02 ± 0,37 Mg C ha -1 por año). Sin embargo, los bosques tropicales intactos de América del Sur en general no fueron más sensibles al fenómeno extremo de El Niño 2015–2016 que a eventos anteriores menos intensos, y siguen siendo una defensa clave contra el cambio climático mientras estén protegidos. Abstract The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected. من المعروف أن بالوعة الكربون في الغابات الاستوائية حساسة للجفاف، ولكن من غير الواضح أي الغابات هي الأكثر عرضة للظواهر المتطرفة. قد تكون الغابات ذات الظروف الأساسية الأكثر سخونة وجفافًا محمية عن طريق التكيف المسبق، أو أكثر عرضة للخطر لأنها تعمل بالقرب من الحدود الفسيولوجية. نذكر هنا أن الغابات في المناخات الأكثر جفافًا في أمريكا الجنوبية شهدت أكبر تأثيرات لظاهرة النينيو 2015–2016، مما يشير إلى زيادة التعرض لدرجات الحرارة القصوى والجفاف. تُظهر الاستجابات طويلة الأجل المقاسة بالأرض شجرة بشجرة لـ 123 قطعة أرض حرجية في جميع أنحاء أمريكا الجنوبية الاستوائية أن بالوعة الكربون للكتلة الحيوية توقفت خلال الحدث مع عدم إمكانية تمييز توازن الكربون عن الصفر (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 في السنة). ومع ذلك، لم تكن غابات أمريكا الجنوبية الاستوائية السليمة بشكل عام أكثر حساسية لظاهرة النينيو الشديدة 2015–2016 من الأحداث السابقة الأقل كثافة، وظلت دفاعًا رئيسيًا ضد تغير المناخ طالما أنها محمية.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gerardo Flores Llampazo; Aurélie Dourdain; Jean-Louis Doucet; Sean C. Thomas; +196 Authors

    Thermal sensitivity of tropical trees A key uncertainty in climate change models is the thermal sensitivity of tropical forests and how this value might influence carbon fluxes. Sullivan et al. measured carbon stocks and fluxes in permanent forest plots distributed globally. This synthesis of plot networks across climatic and biogeographic gradients shows that forest thermal sensitivity is dominated by high daytime temperatures. This extreme condition depresses growth rates and shortens the time that carbon resides in the ecosystem by killing trees under hot, dry conditions. The effect of temperature is worse above 32°C, and a greater magnitude of climate change thus risks greater loss of tropical forest carbon stocks. Nevertheless, forest carbon stocks are likely to remain higher under moderate climate change if they are protected from direct impacts such as clearance, logging, or fires. Science , this issue p. 869

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CGIAR CGSpace (Consu...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Agritrop
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: Agritrop
    Science
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Science
    Article . 2020
    Science
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: Digital.CSIC
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  • Authors: Amy C. Bennett; Thaiane R. Sousa; Abel Monteagudo‐Mendoza; Adriane Esquível-Muelbert; +96 Authors

    Résumé Le puits de carbone des forêts tropicales est connu pour être sensible à la sécheresse, mais on ne sait pas quelles forêts sont les plus vulnérables aux événements extrêmes. Les forêts avec des conditions de base plus chaudes et plus sèches peuvent être protégées par une adaptation préalable, ou plus vulnérables parce qu'elles fonctionnent plus près des limites physiologiques. Ici, nous rapportons que les forêts dans les climats sud-américains plus secs ont connu les plus grands impacts du El Niño 2015–2016, indiquant une plus grande vulnérabilité aux températures extrêmes et à la sécheresse. Les réponses à long terme, mesurées au sol, arbre par arbre de 123 parcelles forestières à travers l'Amérique du Sud tropicale montrent que le puits de carbone de la biomasse a cessé pendant l'événement, le bilan carbone devenant indiscernable de zéro (−0,02 ± 0,37 Mg C ha −1 par an). Cependant, les forêts tropicales intactes d'Amérique du Sud dans l'ensemble n'étaient pas plus sensibles à l'extrême El Niño 2015–2016 qu'aux événements précédents moins intenses, restant une défense clé contre le changement climatique tant qu'elles sont protégées. Resumen Se sabe que el sumidero de carbono del bosque tropical es sensible a la sequía, pero no está claro qué bosques son los más vulnerables a los eventos extremos. Los bosques con condiciones de referencia más cálidas y secas pueden estar protegidos por una adaptación previa, o ser más vulnerables porque operan más cerca de los límites fisiológicos. Aquí informamos que los bosques en climas más secos de América del Sur experimentaron los mayores impactos de El Niño 2015–2016, lo que indica una mayor vulnerabilidad a las temperaturas extremas y la sequía. Las respuestas árbol por árbol medidas en el suelo a largo plazo de 123 parcelas forestales en América del Sur tropical muestran que el sumidero de carbono de biomasa cesó durante el evento y el balance de carbono se volvió indistinguible de cero (-0,02 ± 0,37 Mg C ha -1 por año). Sin embargo, los bosques tropicales intactos de América del Sur en general no fueron más sensibles al fenómeno extremo de El Niño 2015–2016 que a eventos anteriores menos intensos, y siguen siendo una defensa clave contra el cambio climático mientras estén protegidos. Abstract The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected. من المعروف أن بالوعة الكربون في الغابات الاستوائية حساسة للجفاف، ولكن من غير الواضح أي الغابات هي الأكثر عرضة للظواهر المتطرفة. قد تكون الغابات ذات الظروف الأساسية الأكثر سخونة وجفافًا محمية عن طريق التكيف المسبق، أو أكثر عرضة للخطر لأنها تعمل بالقرب من الحدود الفسيولوجية. نذكر هنا أن الغابات في المناخات الأكثر جفافًا في أمريكا الجنوبية شهدت أكبر تأثيرات لظاهرة النينيو 2015–2016، مما يشير إلى زيادة التعرض لدرجات الحرارة القصوى والجفاف. تُظهر الاستجابات طويلة الأجل المقاسة بالأرض شجرة بشجرة لـ 123 قطعة أرض حرجية في جميع أنحاء أمريكا الجنوبية الاستوائية أن بالوعة الكربون للكتلة الحيوية توقفت خلال الحدث مع عدم إمكانية تمييز توازن الكربون عن الصفر (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 في السنة). ومع ذلك، لم تكن غابات أمريكا الجنوبية الاستوائية السليمة بشكل عام أكثر حساسية لظاهرة النينيو الشديدة 2015–2016 من الأحداث السابقة الأقل كثافة، وظلت دفاعًا رئيسيًا ضد تغير المناخ طالما أنها محمية.

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