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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Preprint 2023Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2023 France, Czech Republic, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, France, Germany, Spain, France, France, Czech RepublicPublisher:American Astronomical Society Funded by:MIUR, EC | CTA-PP, EC | ESCAPE +5 projectsMIUR ,EC| CTA-PP ,EC| ESCAPE ,EC| PROBIST ,EC| PREBIST ,DFG ,EC| CTA-DEV ,EC| INFIERIAuthors: Abe, H.; Abe, K.;Artero, M.;
Artero, M.
Artero, M. in OpenAIREHackfeld, J.;
+196 AuthorsHackfeld, J.
Hackfeld, J. in OpenAIREAbe, H.; Abe, K.;Artero, M.;
Artero, M.
Artero, M. in OpenAIREHackfeld, J.;
Hackfeld, J.
Hackfeld, J. in OpenAIREHadasch, D.;
Hadasch, D.
Hadasch, D. in OpenAIREHahn, A.;
Hashiyama, K.;Hahn, A.
Hahn, A. in OpenAIREHassan, T.;
Hassan, T.
Hassan, T. in OpenAIREHayashi, K.;
Hayashi, K.
Hayashi, K. in OpenAIREHeckmann, L.;
Heckmann, L.
Heckmann, L. in OpenAIREHeller, M.;
Herrera Llorente, J.;Heller, M.
Heller, M. in OpenAIREHirotani, K.;
Hirotani, K.
Hirotani, K. in OpenAIREAsano, K.;
Asano, K.
Asano, K. in OpenAIREHoffmann, D.;
Hoffmann, D.
Hoffmann, D. in OpenAIREHorns, D.;
Horns, D.
Horns, D. in OpenAIREHoules, J.;
Houles, J.
Houles, J. in OpenAIREHrabovsky, M.;
Hrabovsky, M.
Hrabovsky, M. in OpenAIREHrupec, D.;
Hui, D.;Hrupec, D.
Hrupec, D. in OpenAIREHütten, M.;
Hütten, M.
Hütten, M. in OpenAIREIarlori, M.;
Iarlori, M.
Iarlori, M. in OpenAIREImazawa, R.;
Imazawa, R.
Imazawa, R. in OpenAIREInada, T.;
Aubert, P.;Inada, T.
Inada, T. in OpenAIREInome, Y.;
Ioka, K.;Inome, Y.
Inome, Y. in OpenAIREIori, M.;
Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.;Iori, M.
Iori, M. in OpenAIREJacquemont, M.;
Jacquemont, M.
Jacquemont, M. in OpenAIREMartinez, I. Jimenez;
Martinez, I. Jimenez
Martinez, I. Jimenez in OpenAIREJurysek, J.;
Kagaya, M.;Jurysek, J.
Jurysek, J. in OpenAIREKaras, V.;
Karas, V.
Karas, V. in OpenAIREBaktash, A.;
Baktash, A.
Baktash, A. in OpenAIREKatagiri, H.;
Katagiri, H.
Katagiri, H. in OpenAIREKataoka, J.;
Kataoka, J.
Kataoka, J. in OpenAIREKerszberg, D.;
Kerszberg, D.
Kerszberg, D. in OpenAIREKobayashi, Y.;
Kobayashi, Y.
Kobayashi, Y. in OpenAIREKong, A.;
Kong, A.
Kong, A. in OpenAIREKubo, H.;
Kubo, H.
Kubo, H. in OpenAIREKushida, J.;
Kushida, J.
Kushida, J. in OpenAIRELainez, M.;
Lamanna, G.;Lainez, M.
Lainez, M. in OpenAIRELamastra, A.;
Lamastra, A.
Lamastra, A. in OpenAIREBamba, A.;
Le Flour, T.;Bamba, A.
Bamba, A. in OpenAIRELinhoff, M.;
Linhoff, M.
Linhoff, M. in OpenAIRELongo, F.;
Longo, F.
Longo, F. in OpenAIRELópez-Coto, R.;
López-Coto, R.
López-Coto, R. in OpenAIRELópez-Moya, M.;
López-Moya, M.
López-Moya, M. in OpenAIRELópez-Oramas, A.;
López-Oramas, A.
López-Oramas, A. in OpenAIRELoporchio, S.;
Lorini, A.;Loporchio, S.
Loporchio, S. in OpenAIRELuque-Escamilla, P. L.;
Luque-Escamilla, P. L.
Luque-Escamilla, P. L. in OpenAIREMajumdar, P.;
Majumdar, P.
Majumdar, P. in OpenAIRELarriva, A. Baquero;
Larriva, A. Baquero
Larriva, A. Baquero in OpenAIREMakariev, M.;
Makariev, M.
Makariev, M. in OpenAIREMandat, D.;
Mandat, D.
Mandat, D. in OpenAIREManganaro, M.;
Manganaro, M.
Manganaro, M. in OpenAIREManicò, G.;
Manicò, G.
Manicò, G. in OpenAIREMannheim, K.;
Mannheim, K.
Mannheim, K. in OpenAIREMariotti, M.;
Mariotti, M.
Mariotti, M. in OpenAIREMarquez, P.;
Marquez, P.
Marquez, P. in OpenAIREMarsella, G.;
Marsella, G.
Marsella, G. in OpenAIREMartí, J.;
Martí, J.
Martí, J. in OpenAIREMartinez, O.;
Martinez, O.
Martinez, O. in OpenAIREBaroncelli, L.;
Baroncelli, L.
Baroncelli, L. in OpenAIREMartínez, G.;
Martínez, G.
Martínez, G. in OpenAIREMartínez, M.;
Martínez, M.
Martínez, M. in OpenAIREMarusevec, P.;
Marusevec, P.
Marusevec, P. in OpenAIREMas-Aguilar, A.;
Mas-Aguilar, A.
Mas-Aguilar, A. in OpenAIREMaurin, G.;
Maurin, G.
Maurin, G. in OpenAIREMazin, D.;
Guillen, E. Mestre;Mazin, D.
Mazin, D. in OpenAIREMicanovic, S.;
Micanovic, S.
Micanovic, S. in OpenAIREMiceli, D.;
Miceli, D.
Miceli, D. in OpenAIREMiener, T.;
Miener, T.
Miener, T. in OpenAIREde Almeida, U. Barres;
de Almeida, U. Barres
de Almeida, U. Barres in OpenAIREMiranda, J. M.;
Miranda, J. M.
Miranda, J. M. in OpenAIREMirzoyan, R.;
Mirzoyan, R.
Mirzoyan, R. in OpenAIREMizuno, T.;
Gonzalez, M. Molero;Mizuno, T.
Mizuno, T. in OpenAIREMolina, E.;
Molina, E.
Molina, E. in OpenAIREMontaruli, T.;
Monteiro, I.;Montaruli, T.
Montaruli, T. in OpenAIREMoralejo, A.;
Moralejo, A.
Moralejo, A. in OpenAIREMorcuende, D.;
Morcuende, D.
Morcuende, D. in OpenAIREMorselli, A.;
Morselli, A.
Morselli, A. in OpenAIREBarrio, J. A.;
Barrio, J. A.
Barrio, J. A. in OpenAIREMrakovcic, K.;
Mrakovcic, K.
Mrakovcic, K. in OpenAIREMurase, K.;
Nagai, A.; Nagataki, S.;Murase, K.
Murase, K. in OpenAIRENakamori, T.;
Nakamori, T.
Nakamori, T. in OpenAIRENickel, L.;
Nickel, L.
Nickel, L. in OpenAIRENievas, M.;
Nievas, M.
Nievas, M. in OpenAIRENishijima, K.;
Nishijima, K.
Nishijima, K. in OpenAIRENoda, K.;
Noda, K.
Noda, K. in OpenAIRENosek, D.;
Nosek, D.
Nosek, D. in OpenAIREBatkovic, I.;
Batkovic, I.
Batkovic, I. in OpenAIRENozaki, S.;
Nozaki, S.
Nozaki, S. in OpenAIREOhishi, M.;
Ohishi, M.
Ohishi, M. in OpenAIREOhtani, Y.;
Ohtani, Y.
Ohtani, Y. in OpenAIREOka, T.;
Okazaki, N.;Okumura, A.;
Orito, R.;Okumura, A.
Okumura, A. in OpenAIREOtero-Santos, J.;
Otero-Santos, J.
Otero-Santos, J. in OpenAIREPalatiello, M.;
Palatiello, M.
Palatiello, M. in OpenAIREPaneque, D.;
Abe, S.; Baxter, J.;Paneque, D.
Paneque, D. in OpenAIREPantaleo, F. R.;
Pantaleo, F. R.
Pantaleo, F. R. in OpenAIREPaoletti, R.;
Paoletti, R.
Paoletti, R. in OpenAIREParedes, J. M.;
Paredes, J. M.
Paredes, J. M. in OpenAIREPech, M.;
Pech, M.
Pech, M. in OpenAIREPecimotika, M.;
Pecimotika, M.
Pecimotika, M. in OpenAIREPeresano, M.;
Peresano, M.
Peresano, M. in OpenAIREPérez, A.;
Pérez, A.
Pérez, A. in OpenAIREPietropaolo, E.;
Pirola, G.;Pietropaolo, E.
Pietropaolo, E. in OpenAIREPlard, C.;
Becerra González, J.; Podobnik, F.;Plard, C.
Plard, C. in OpenAIREPoireau, V.;
Polo, M.; Pons, E.;Poireau, V.
Poireau, V. in OpenAIREPrandini, E.;
Prandini, E.
Prandini, E. in OpenAIREPrast, J.;
Prast, J.
Prast, J. in OpenAIREPrincipe, G.;
Principe, G.
Principe, G. in OpenAIREPriyadarshi, C.;
Prouza, M.;Priyadarshi, C.
Priyadarshi, C. in OpenAIRERando, R.;
Rando, R.
Rando, R. in OpenAIREBernardini, E.;
Bernardini, E.
Bernardini, E. in OpenAIRERhode, W.;
Rhode, W.
Rhode, W. in OpenAIRERibó, M.;
Ribó, M.
Ribó, M. in OpenAIRERizi, V.;
Fernandez, G. Rodriguez;Rizi, V.
Rizi, V. in OpenAIRERuiz, J. E.;
Ruiz, J. E.
Ruiz, J. E. in OpenAIRESaito, T.;
Saito, T.
Saito, T. in OpenAIRESakurai, S.;
Sanchez, D. A.;Sakurai, S.
Sakurai, S. in OpenAIREŠarić, T.;
Sato, Y.;Šarić, T.
Šarić, T. in OpenAIREBernardos, M. I.;
Bernardos, M. I.
Bernardos, M. I. in OpenAIRESaturni, F. G.;
Saturni, F. G.
Saturni, F. G. in OpenAIRESchleicher, B.;
Schmuckermaier, F.; Schubert, J. L.;Schleicher, B.
Schleicher, B. in OpenAIRESchussler, F.;
Schweizer, T.; Seglar Arroyo, M.; Silvia, R.;Schussler, F.
Schussler, F. in OpenAIRESitarek, J.;
Sitarek, J.
Sitarek, J. in OpenAIRESliusar, V.;
Medrano, J. Bernete;Sliusar, V.
Sliusar, V. in OpenAIRESpolon, A.;
Spolon, A.
Spolon, A. in OpenAIREStrišković, J.;
Strišković, J.
Strišković, J. in OpenAIREStrzys, M.;
Strzys, M.
Strzys, M. in OpenAIRESuda, Y.;
Suda, Y.
Suda, Y. in OpenAIRESunada, Y.;
Sunada, Y.
Sunada, Y. in OpenAIRETajima, H.;
Tajima, H.
Tajima, H. in OpenAIRETakahashi, H.;
Takahashi, H.
Takahashi, H. in OpenAIRETakahashi, M.;
Takahashi, M.
Takahashi, M. in OpenAIRETakata, J.;
Takata, J.
Takata, J. in OpenAIRETakeishi, R.;
Takeishi, R.
Takeishi, R. in OpenAIREBerti, A.;
Berti, A.
Berti, A. in OpenAIRETam, P. H. T.;
Tam, P. H. T.
Tam, P. H. T. in OpenAIRETanaka, S. J.;
Tanaka, S. J.
Tanaka, S. J. in OpenAIRETateishi, D.;
Tateishi, D.
Tateishi, D. in OpenAIRETejedor, L. A.;
Tejedor, L. A.
Tejedor, L. A. in OpenAIRETemnikov, P.;
Temnikov, P.
Temnikov, P. in OpenAIRETerada, Y.;
Terada, Y.
Terada, Y. in OpenAIRETerauchi, K.;
Terauchi, K.
Terauchi, K. in OpenAIRETerzic, T.;
Teshima, M.; Tluczykont, M.;Terzic, T.
Terzic, T. in OpenAIREBhattacharjee, P.;
Tokanai, F.;Bhattacharjee, P.
Bhattacharjee, P. in OpenAIRETorres, D. F.;
Torres, D. F.
Torres, D. F. in OpenAIRETravnicek, P.;
Truzzi, S.;Travnicek, P.
Travnicek, P. in OpenAIRETutone, A.;
Uhlrich, G.;Tutone, A.
Tutone, A. in OpenAIREVacula, M.;
Vallania, P.;Vacula, M.
Vacula, M. in OpenAIREvan Scherpenberg, J.;
van Scherpenberg, J.
van Scherpenberg, J. in OpenAIREVázquez Acosta, M.;
Vázquez Acosta, M.
Vázquez Acosta, M. in OpenAIREBiederbeck, N.;
Biederbeck, N.
Biederbeck, N. in OpenAIREVerguilov, V.;
Verguilov, V.
Verguilov, V. in OpenAIREViale, I.;
Viale, I.
Viale, I. in OpenAIREVigliano, A.;
Vigliano, A.
Vigliano, A. in OpenAIREVigorito, C. F.;
Vigorito, C. F.
Vigorito, C. F. in OpenAIREVitale, V.;
Voutsinas, G.;Vitale, V.
Vitale, V. in OpenAIREVovk, I.;
Vovk, I.
Vovk, I. in OpenAIREVuillaume, T.;
Vuillaume, T.
Vuillaume, T. in OpenAIREWalter, R.;
Walter, R.
Walter, R. in OpenAIREAbstract The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is located at the CTA-North site, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to ≃20 GeV. LST-1 started performing astronomical observations in 2019 November, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data ever since. We present the first LST-1 observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the performance of the telescope. LST-1 has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period—only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope’s behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is around 20 GeV, rising to ≃30 GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.°12–0.°40, and energy resolution from 15%–50%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50 hr observation (12% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03–30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2023Publisher:OpenAlex Authors: Hidetarô Abe; Shoko Abe;V. A. Acciari;
V. A. Acciari
V. A. Acciari in OpenAIREI. Agudo;
+96 AuthorsI. Agudo
I. Agudo in OpenAIREHidetarô Abe; Shoko Abe;V. A. Acciari;
V. A. Acciari
V. A. Acciari in OpenAIREI. Agudo;
T. Aniello;I. Agudo
I. Agudo in OpenAIRES. Ansoldi;
S. Ansoldi
S. Ansoldi in OpenAIREL. A. Antonelli;
L. A. Antonelli
L. A. Antonelli in OpenAIREA. Arbet Engels;
A. Arbet Engels
A. Arbet Engels in OpenAIRECornelia Arcaro;
Cornelia Arcaro
Cornelia Arcaro in OpenAIREManuel Artero;
Manuel Artero
Manuel Artero in OpenAIREKatsuaki Asano;
Katsuaki Asano
Katsuaki Asano in OpenAIREDominik Baack;
Dominik Baack
Dominik Baack in OpenAIREAna Babić;
Ana Babić
Ana Babić in OpenAIREAndrés Baquero;
Andrés Baquero
Andrés Baquero in OpenAIREU. Barres de Almeida;
U. Barres de Almeida
U. Barres de Almeida in OpenAIREJ. A. Barrio;
J. A. Barrio
J. A. Barrio in OpenAIREIvana Batković;
Joshua Ryo Baxter;Ivana Batković
Ivana Batković in OpenAIREJ. Becerra González;
J. Becerra González
J. Becerra González in OpenAIREW. Bednarek;
W. Bednarek
W. Bednarek in OpenAIREE. Bernardini;
E. Bernardini
E. Bernardini in OpenAIREM. Bernardos;
M. Bernardos
M. Bernardos in OpenAIREAlessio Berti;
Jürgen Besenrieder;Alessio Berti
Alessio Berti in OpenAIREW. Bhattacharyya;
W. Bhattacharyya
W. Bhattacharyya in OpenAIREC. Bigongiari;
C. Bigongiari
C. Bigongiari in OpenAIREA. Biland;
A. Biland
A. Biland in OpenAIREO. Blanch-Bigas;
O. Blanch-Bigas
O. Blanch-Bigas in OpenAIREG. Bonnoli;
G. Bonnoli
G. Bonnoli in OpenAIREZeljko J. Bosnjak;
Zeljko J. Bosnjak
Zeljko J. Bosnjak in OpenAIREIrene Burelli;
Irene Burelli
Irene Burelli in OpenAIREG. Busetto;
G. Busetto
G. Busetto in OpenAIRER. Carosi;
R. Carosi
R. Carosi in OpenAIREM. Carretero-Castrillo;
Alberto J. Castro‐Tirado;M. Carretero-Castrillo
M. Carretero-Castrillo in OpenAIREGiovanni Ceribella;
Giovanni Ceribella
Giovanni Ceribella in OpenAIREYating Chai;
Yating Chai
Yating Chai in OpenAIREA. Chilingarian;
A. Chilingarian
A. Chilingarian in OpenAIREStefan Cikota;
Stefan Cikota
Stefan Cikota in OpenAIREE. Colombo;
E. Colombo
E. Colombo in OpenAIREJ. L. Contreras;
J. L. Contreras
J. L. Contreras in OpenAIREJ. Cortina;
J. Cortina
J. Cortina in OpenAIRES. Covino;
S. Covino
S. Covino in OpenAIREGiacomo D'Amico;
Giacomo D'Amico
Giacomo D'Amico in OpenAIREV. D'Elia;
V. D'Elia
V. D'Elia in OpenAIREP. Da Vela;
P. Da Vela
P. Da Vela in OpenAIREF. Dazzi;
F. Dazzi
F. Dazzi in OpenAIREA. De Angelis;
A. De Angelis
A. De Angelis in OpenAIREB. De Lotto;
B. De Lotto
B. De Lotto in OpenAIREA. Del Popolo;
A. Del Popolo
A. Del Popolo in OpenAIREM. Delfino;
M. Delfino
M. Delfino in OpenAIREJ. Delgado;
J. Delgado
J. Delgado in OpenAIREC. Delgado Mendez;
C. Delgado Mendez
C. Delgado Mendez in OpenAIREDavide Depaoli;
Davide Depaoli
Davide Depaoli in OpenAIREF. Di Pierro;
F. Di Pierro
F. Di Pierro in OpenAIREL. Di Venere;
L. Di Venere
L. Di Venere in OpenAIREE. Do Souto Espiñeira;
E. Do Souto Espiñeira
E. Do Souto Espiñeira in OpenAIRED. Dominis Prester;
D. Dominis Prester
D. Dominis Prester in OpenAIREAlice Donini;
Alice Donini
Alice Donini in OpenAIRED. Dorner;
D. Dorner
D. Dorner in OpenAIREM. Doro;
M. Doro
M. Doro in OpenAIRED. Elsäesser;
D. Elsäesser
D. Elsäesser in OpenAIREGabriel Emery;
Gabriel Emery
Gabriel Emery in OpenAIREJuan Escudero;
Juan Escudero
Juan Escudero in OpenAIREV. Fallah Ramazani;
V. Fallah Ramazani
V. Fallah Ramazani in OpenAIREL. Fariña;
L. Fariña
L. Fariña in OpenAIREAlicia Fattorini;
Alicia Fattorini
Alicia Fattorini in OpenAIRELuca Foffano;
Luca Foffano
Luca Foffano in OpenAIREL. Font;
L. Font
L. Font in OpenAIREC. Fruck;
C. Fruck
C. Fruck in OpenAIRESatoshi Fukami;
Satoshi Fukami
Satoshi Fukami in OpenAIREYasushi Fukazawa;
Yasushi Fukazawa
Yasushi Fukazawa in OpenAIRER. J. García López;
R. J. García López
R. J. García López in OpenAIREM. Garczarczyk;
M. Garczarczyk
M. Garczarczyk in OpenAIRESargis Gasparyan;
Sargis Gasparyan
Sargis Gasparyan in OpenAIREM. Gaug;
M. Gaug
M. Gaug in OpenAIREJoão Gabriel Giesbrecht Paiva;
João Gabriel Giesbrecht Paiva
João Gabriel Giesbrecht Paiva in OpenAIREN. Giglietto;
N. Giglietto
N. Giglietto in OpenAIREF. Giordano;
F. Giordano
F. Giordano in OpenAIREPaweł Gliwny;
Paweł Gliwny
Paweł Gliwny in OpenAIRENikola Godinović;
R. Grau;Nikola Godinović
Nikola Godinović in OpenAIRED. Green;
D. Green
D. Green in OpenAIREJ. G. Green;
J. G. Green
J. G. Green in OpenAIRED. Hadasch;
D. Hadasch
D. Hadasch in OpenAIREAlexander Hahn;
Alexander Hahn
Alexander Hahn in OpenAIRET. Hassan;
T. Hassan
T. Hassan in OpenAIRELea Heckmann;
Lea Heckmann
Lea Heckmann in OpenAIREJ. Herrera;
J. Herrera
J. Herrera in OpenAIREDario Hrupec;
Dario Hrupec
Dario Hrupec in OpenAIREMoritz Hütten;
Moritz Hütten
Moritz Hütten in OpenAIRERyo Imazawa;
Ryo Imazawa
Ryo Imazawa in OpenAIRETomohiro Inada;
Roman Iotov;Tomohiro Inada
Tomohiro Inada in OpenAIREKazuma Ishio;
Kazuma Ishio
Kazuma Ishio in OpenAIREI. Jiménez Martínez;
I. Jiménez Martínez
I. Jiménez Martínez in OpenAIREJenni Jormanainen;
Jenni Jormanainen
Jenni Jormanainen in OpenAIREDaniel Kerszberg;
Daniel Kerszberg
Daniel Kerszberg in OpenAIREYukiho Kobayashi;
Yukiho Kobayashi
Yukiho Kobayashi in OpenAIREH. Kubo;
H. Kubo
H. Kubo in OpenAIREResumen Estudiamos la emisión de banda ancha de Mrk 501 utilizando observaciones de múltiples longitudes de onda de 2017 a 2020 realizadas con una multitud de instrumentos, que involucran, entre otros, MAGIC, Fermi 's Large Area Telescope (LAT), NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT y el Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 mostró una actividad de banda ancha extremadamente baja, lo que puede ayudar a desentrañar su emisión de referencia. Sin embargo, se detectan variaciones de flujo significativas en todas las bandas de onda, y las más altas ocurren en rayos X y rayos γ de muy alta energía (VHE). Se mide una correlación significativa (>3 σ ) entre los rayos X y los rayos γ de VHE, lo que respalda los escenarios leptónicos para explicar las partes variables de la emisión, también durante la baja actividad. Esto se confirma aún más cuando ampliamos nuestros datos de 2008 a 2020 e identificamos, por primera vez, correlaciones significativas entre el telescopio de rayos X Swift y Fermi-LAT. Además, encontramos correlaciones entre los rayos γ de alta energía y la radio, con un retraso de la radio de más de 100 días, lo que coloca la zona de emisión de rayos γ aguas arriba de las regiones radiobrillantes en el chorro. Además, Mrk 501 mostró una actividad históricamente baja en rayos X y rayos γ VHE desde mediados de 2017 hasta mediados de 2019 con un flujo VHE estable (>0,2 TeV) del 5% de la emisión de la Nebulosa del Cangrejo. La distribución de energía espectral de banda ancha (sed) de este estado bajo de 2 años de duración, la emisión de referencia potencial de Mrk 501, se puede caracterizar con modelos leptónicos de una zona y con modelos (lepto) -hadrónicos que cumplen con las restricciones de flujo de neutrinos de IceCube. Exploramos la evolución temporal del sed hacia el estado bajo, revelando que la emisión de referencia estable puede atribuirse a un choque permanente, y la emisión variable a un choque adicional en expansión o en movimiento. Résumé Nous étudions l'émission à large bande de Mrk 501 à l'aide d'observations multi-longueurs d'onde de 2017 à 2020 effectuées avec une multitude d'instruments, impliquant, entre autres, MAGIC, le Large Area Telescope (LAT) de Fermi, NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT et l'Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 a montré une activité à large bande extrêmement faible, ce qui peut aider à démêler son émission de base. Néanmoins, des variations de flux significatives sont détectées à toutes les bandes d'ondes, les plus élevées se produisant aux rayons X et aux rayons γ de très haute énergie (VHE). Une corrélation significative (>3 σ ) entre les rayons X et les rayons γ VHE est mesurée, soutenant des scénarios leptoniques pour expliquer les parties variables de l'émission, également en cas de faible activité. Cela est également confirmé lorsque nous étendons nos données de 2008 à 2020 et identifions, pour la première fois, des corrélations significatives entre le télescope à rayons X Swift et Fermi-LAT. Nous trouvons en outre des corrélations entre les rayons γ de haute énergie et la radio, la radio étant en retard de plus de 100 jours, plaçant la zone d'émission des rayons γ en amont des régions radio-brillantes dans le jet. En outre, Mrk 501 a montré une activité historiquement faible dans les rayons X et les rayons γ VHE de mi-2017 à mi-2019 avec un flux VHE stable (>0,2 TeV) de 5% de l'émission de la nébuleuse du Crabe. La distribution d'énergie spectrale à large bande (SED) de cet état bas de 2 ans de long, l'émission de base potentielle de Mrk 501, peut être caractérisée avec des modèles leptoniques à une zone et avec des modèles (lepto)-hadroniques satisfaisant aux contraintes de flux de neutrinos de IceCube. Nous explorons l'évolution temporelle du SED vers l'état bas, révélant que l'émission de base stable peut être attribuée à un choc permanent et l'émission variable à un choc supplémentaire en expansion ou en déplacement. Abstract We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multiwavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT), NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wave bands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) γ -rays. A significant correlation (>3 σ ) between X-rays and VHE γ -rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between the Swift X-Ray Telescope and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy γ -rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the γ -ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE γ -rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux (>0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2 yr long low state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED toward the low state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock. ندرس انبعاث النطاق العريض لـ MRK 501 باستخدام ملاحظات متعددة الأطوال الموجية من 2017 إلى 2020 التي يتم إجراؤها باستخدام العديد من الأدوات، والتي تشمل، من بين أمور أخرى، MAGIC، وتلسكوب فيرمي واسع النطاق (LAT)، و NuSTAR، و SWIFT، و GASP - WEBT، ومرصد أوينز فالي الراديوي. أظهر MRK 501 نشاطًا منخفضًا للغاية للنطاق العريض، مما قد يساعد في كشف انبعاثه الأساسي. ومع ذلك، يتم الكشف عن اختلافات كبيرة في التدفق في جميع نطاقات الموجة، مع حدوث أعلىها في الأشعة السينية وأشعة γ عالية الطاقة للغاية (VHE). يتم قياس ارتباط كبير (>3 σ ) بين الأشعة السينية وأشعة VHE γ، مما يدعم السيناريوهات اللبتونية لشرح الأجزاء المتغيرة من الانبعاث، أيضًا أثناء النشاط المنخفض. يتم دعم ذلك بشكل أكبر عندما نوسع بياناتنا من 2008 إلى 2020، ونحدد، لأول مرة، الارتباطات المهمة بين تلسكوب Swift X - Ray و Fermi - LAT. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، نجد ارتباطات بين أشعة جاما عالية الطاقة والراديو، حيث يتخلف الراديو بأكثر من 100 يوم، مما يضع منطقة انبعاث أشعة جاما في المنبع لمناطق الإشعاع الراديوي في الطائرة. علاوة على ذلك، أظهر Mrk 501 نشاطًا منخفضًا تاريخيًا في الأشعة السينية وأشعة VHE γ من منتصف عام 2017 إلى منتصف عام 2019 مع تدفق ثابت لـ VHE (>0.2 TeV) بنسبة 5 ٪ من انبعاث سديم السرطان. يمكن تمييز توزيع الطاقة الطيفية عريضة النطاق (SED) لهذه الحالة المنخفضة لمدة عامين، وهو الانبعاث الأساسي المحتمل لـ Mrk 501، بنماذج لبتونية من منطقة واحدة، وبنماذج (لبتو) - متناظرية تفي بقيود تدفق النيوترينو من IceCube. نستكشف التطور الزمني لـ SED نحو الحالة المنخفضة، مما يكشف عن أن انبعاث خط الأساس المستقر قد يعزى إلى صدمة دائمة، والانبعاث المتغير إلى صدمة إضافية متوسعة أو متنقلة.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Conference object , Article , Preprint 2023Embargo end date: 01 Jan 2023 GermanyPublisher:Sissa Medialab Funded by:EC | CTA-PP, EC | CTA-DEV, EC | ESCAPE +1 projectsEC| CTA-PP ,EC| CTA-DEV ,EC| ESCAPE ,EC| INFIERIAbe, Kazuki; Abe, Shotaro; Asano, Katsuaki; Grau Haro, Roger; Green, Jarred Gershon; Green, David; Gunji, Shuichi; Günther, Patrick; Hackfeld, Jonas; Hadasch, Daniela; Hahn, Alexander; Hashiyama, Kazuaki;Hassan, Tarek;
Aubert, Pierre; Hayashi, Kohei; Heckmann, Lea; Heller, Matthieu; Herrera Llorente, Javier; Hirotani, Kouichi; Hoffmann, Dirk; Horns, Dieter; Houles, Julien; Hrabovsky, Miroslav; Hrupec, Dario; Baktash, Ali; Hui, David; Hütten, Moritz;Hassan, Tarek
Hassan, Tarek in OpenAIREIarlori, Marco;
Imazawa, Ryo; Inada, Tomohiro; Inome, Yusuke; Ioka, Kunihito; Iori, Maurizio; Ishio, Kazuma; Jiménez Martínez, Irene; Bamba, Aya; Jurysek, Jakub; Kagaya, Mika; Karas, Vladimir; Katagiri, Hideaki; Kataoka, Jun; Kerszberg, Daniel; Kobayashi, Yukiho; Kohri, Kazunori; Kong, Albert; Kubo, Hidetoshi;Iarlori, Marco
Iarlori, Marco in OpenAIREBaquero Larriva, Andres;
Kushida, Junko;Baquero Larriva, Andres
Baquero Larriva, Andres in OpenAIRELainez, Maria;
Lamanna, Giovanni; Lamastra, Alessandra; Le Flour, Thierry; Linhoff, Maximilian; Longo, Francesco; López-Coto, Rubén; López-Oramas, Alicia; Loporchio, Serena; Baroncelli, Leonardo; Lorini, Andrea; Lozano Bahilo, Julio; Luque-Escamilla, Pedro L.; Majumdar, Pratik; MAKARIEV, Martin; Mandat, Dusan;Lainez, Maria
Lainez, Maria in OpenAIREManganaro, Marina;
Manicò, Giulio; Mannheim, Karl; Mariotti, Mosè; Barres de Almeida, Ulisses; Marquez, Patricia;Manganaro, Marina
Manganaro, Marina in OpenAIREMarsella, Giovanni;
Martí, Josep;Marsella, Giovanni
Marsella, Giovanni in OpenAIREMartinez, Oibar;
Martínez, Gustavo; Martínez, Manel; Mas-Aguilar, Alvaro; Maurin, Gilles; Mazin, Daniel; Mestre Guillen, Enrique; Barrio, Juan Abel; Mićanović, Saša;Martinez, Oibar
Martinez, Oibar in OpenAIREMiceli, Davide;
Miener, Tjark; Miranda, Jose Miguel; Mirzoyan, Razmik; Mizuno, Tsunefumi;Miceli, Davide
Miceli, Davide in OpenAIREMolero Gonzalez, Miguel;
Molina, Edgar; Montaruli, Teresa; Monteiro, Inocencio;Molero Gonzalez, Miguel
Molero Gonzalez, Miguel in OpenAIREBatković, Ivana;
Moralejo, Abelardo;Batković, Ivana
Batković, Ivana in OpenAIREMorcuende, Daniel;
Morselli, Aldo;Morcuende, Daniel
Morcuende, Daniel in OpenAIREMoya, Victor;
Muraishi, Hiroshi; Murase, Kohta; Nagataki, Shigehiro; Nakamori, Takeshi; Neronov, Andrii; Nickel, Lukas; Baxter, Joshua Ryo; Nievas Rosillo, Mireia; Nishijima, Kyoshi; Noda, Koji; Nosek, Dalibor;Moya, Victor
Moya, Victor in OpenAIRENozaki, Seiya;
Ohishi, Michiko; Ohtani, Yoshiki; Oka, Tomohiko; Okumura, Akira; Orito, Reiko; Aguasca-Cabot, Arnau; Becerra González, Josefa; Otero-Santos, Jorge; Palatiello, Michele; Paneque, David; Pantaleo, Francesca Romana; Paoletti, Riccardo; Paredes, Josep Maria; Pech, Miroslav; Pecimotika, Mario; Peresano, Michele; Pfeiffle, Felix;Nozaki, Seiya
Nozaki, Seiya in OpenAIREBernardini, Elisa;
Pietropaolo, Ermanno; Pirola, Giorgio; Plard, Cyann; Podobnik, Franjo; Poireau, Vincent; Polo, Miguel; Pons, Estelle; Prandini, Elisa; Prast, Julie; Principe, Giacomo; Bernardos, Mabel;Bernardini, Elisa
Bernardini, Elisa in OpenAIREPriyadarshi, Chaitanya;
Prouza, Michael; Rando, Riccardo; Rhode, Wolgang; Ribó, Marc; Righi, Chiara;Priyadarshi, Chaitanya
Priyadarshi, Chaitanya in OpenAIRERizi, Vincenzo;
Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo; Rodríguez Frías, Maria Dolores; Saito, Takayuki; Bernete Medrano, Juan; Sakurai, Shunsuke; Sanchez, David; Šarić, Toni; Sato, Yuri; Saturni, Francesco Gabriele; Savchenko, Volodymyr; Schleicher, Bernd; Schmuckermaier, Felix; Schubert, Jan Lukas; Schüssler, Fabian; Berti, Alessio; Schweizer, Thomas; Seglar Arroyo, Monica; Siegert, Thomas; Silvia, Rainò; Sitarek, Julian; Sliusar, Vitalii; Spolon, Alessia;Rizi, Vincenzo
Rizi, Vincenzo in OpenAIREStrišković, Jelena;
Strzys, Marcel C.;Strišković, Jelena
Strišković, Jelena in OpenAIRESuda, Yusuke;
Suda, Yusuke
Suda, Yusuke in OpenAIREBhattacharjee, Pooja;
Tajima, Hiroyasu; Takahashi, Mitsunari; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Takata, Jumpei; Takeishi, Ryuji; Tam, P. Thomas; Tanaka, Shuta; Tateishi, Dai; Temnikov, Petar; Terada, Yukikatsu; Biederbeck, Noah;Bhattacharjee, Pooja
Bhattacharjee, Pooja in OpenAIRETerauchi, Kenta;
Terzić, Tomislav; Teshima, Masahiro; Tluczykont, Martin; Tokanai, Fuyuki; Torres, Diego F.; Travnicek, Petr; Truzzi, Stefano; Tutone, Antonio;Terauchi, Kenta
Terauchi, Kenta in OpenAIREVacula, Martin;
Vacula, Martin
Vacula, Martin in OpenAIREBigongiari, Ciro;
Vallania, Piero;Bigongiari, Ciro
Bigongiari, Ciro in OpenAIREvan Scherpenberg, Juliane;
VAZQUEZ ACOSTA, Monica; Viale, Ilaria;van Scherpenberg, Juliane
van Scherpenberg, Juliane in OpenAIREVigliano, Alessandro;
Vigorito, Carlo francesco; Vitale, Vincenzo; Voutsinas, Georgios Gerasimos; Vovk, Ievgen;Vigliano, Alessandro
Vigliano, Alessandro in OpenAIREThe next-generation ground-based gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) will consist of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) of three different sizes distributed in two sites. The Large-Sized Telescopes will cover the low-energy end of the CTA energy range, starting at about 20 GeV. After its first years of operation at the CTA northern site, the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is in the final stage of its commissioning phase, having collected a significant amount of scientific data to date. In this contribution, we present the physics performance of the telescope using low-zenith Crab Nebula observations and Monte Carlo simulations fine-tuned accordingly. We show performance figures of merit such as the energy threshold, effective area, energy and angular resolution, and sensitivity based on the standard Hillas-parameters approach and following the source-independent and dependent analysis methods. The analysis threshold is estimated at 30 GeV. The energy resolution is around 30%, and the angular resolution is 0.3 degrees at 100 GeV. The best integral sensitivity of LST-1 is about 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for 50 hours of observations. We also show the spectral energy distribution and light curve from Crab Nebula observations, which agree with results from other IACTs and link smoothly with Fermi-LAT when considering statistical and systematic uncertainties near the energy threshold. Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 2023 (arXiv:2309.08219)
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