• Energy Research

The perspective of discovery of zonal disintegration phenomenon of rocks around underground mine workings is analyzed. The methodological stages for research of this phenomenon are shown. The physics of zonal disintegration of rocks around underground mine workings is disclosed. There are described the possibilities of advanced entropy method and developed energy method that allow to investigate a phenomenon of zonal capsulation of underground mine workings. The sequence of research of this phenomenon parameters is presented. The order of choice of stable shape and resource-saving support in underground mine workings is substantiated, for the deep horizons of the Kryvorizkyi Iron-Ore Basin mines. The method of parameters calculation of self-regulating roof-bolting in underground mine workings is substantiated, which allows to use the rock pressure energy. The design of a self-regulating roof-bolting is developed, which allows applying metal, polymer and rope bolts. The economic efficiency of rock pressure energy usage is substantiated in case of support setting at great depths in underground mine workings.

За надану підтримку при проведенні аналізу та виконанні досліджень автори висловлюють вдячність генеральному директорові Державного концерну “Ядерне паливо” С.А. Дроботу (м. Київ).

Purpose. To create the technology increasing the level of ecological safety of underground mining of iron ores by means of decreasing the number of harmful substances released into the atmosphere. Methodology. Laboratory and industrial research studies of the condition of the atmospheric air around mine arrangement were conducted by means of a physical-and-chemical method and biological testing. The standard method for calculation of their concentration in the atmosphere was used for determination of features of harmful substance dispersion. Findings. Regularities of ground concentration of total influence of harmful substances changing with taking into account a specific consumption of explosives and distance from an emission source are revealed. The dependence of conditional indicator of damageability of bioindicators changing with increase in distance from a source of emission and specific consumption of explosives is established. The method for calculation of ecological assessment of atmospheric air condition around an emission source is developed. Originality. Dependence of influence of ground concentration of harmful substances on damageability of bioindicators at the cellular and organismal levels is established, which allows estimating an ecological state of atmospheric air on industrial territories. Practical value. Regularities of inluence of ground concentration of total impact of harmful substances on a condition of indicator systems are determined that allows estimating the state of the environment and increasing reliability of local environmental monitoring around an iron-ore mine. The technology of drilling-and-blasting operations conducting in which emulsion explosives are used during mining of iron ores by means of the chamber mining methods, which allows decreasing the hazard index of harmful substances influence on the atmosphere, is developed and implemented. ; Мета. Створити технологію, що підвищує рівень екологічної безпеки підземного видобутку залізних руд шляхом зниження кількості ...

The authors express their deepest gratitude to V.P. Kuprin, Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, Professor, State Prize Laureate of Ukraine in Science and Technology for providing research base and organizational support during industrial experiments.

Purpose. To develop an analytical method which allows investigating the energy condition of rocks within the Ukrainian Crystalline shield. Methodology. Analytical research on the energy condition of rocks has been conducted by means of a new method of research – the entropy one. The research on processes of redistribution of potential energy in the massif of rocks was conducted by analogy with an open thermodynamic system. The accepted methodological approach allowed investigating processes of energy exchange in rocks and natural transformations of some types of energy to others. Findings. The analysis is conducted and systematization of geodynamic conditions by underground mining of ore fields of Ukraine is executed. The ways of development of new hypotheses, theories and methods of research of the energy condition of rocks are given. The description perspective in world practice of a natural condition of rocks is enclosed. Components of redistribution of energy in the massif of rocks are defined: entropy, potential stresses and angles of their action. An inspection of the results obtained on convergence is conducted and corresponding conclusions on their application are drawn. Originality. The thermodynamic balance in rocks of the Ukrainian Crystalline shield is formed due to equilibration of vertical and horizontal power streams which, with increasing mining depth, enhance components of a tensor of stress on sedate dependence, rejecting them from hydrostatic ones during increasing in mining depth. Practical value. The entropy method of research which allows investigating natural state of rocks with increasing depth is developed. Classification of methods of research on the stress-strain state of rocks due to introduction of a synergetic group which includes entropy, thermodynamic and energy methods is improved. It is established that distribution of entropy in rocks of the Ukrainian Crystalline shield proceeds in mutually perpendicular directions, which correspond to vertical and horizontal energy streams.

The first classificationsw of physical properties of rocks and hypotheses of rock pressure in the world practice are analysed. The analysis of internationally widely known theories about rock pressure and physical processes around mine workings is executed. Classification of theories about rock pressure on classification feature “condition of investigated massif” is constructed. The energy theory that describing capsulation by the massif of underground mine working is offered.