• Energy Research

Demand-side management (DSM) plays a key role in the future of smart grids. Recently, DSM researchers have developed various mathematical models to optimize the demand response. Most of these works ignore the channel impairments' impact on the optimization process. In this paper, we propose a new noncooperative game theoretic model for the management of smart grid's demand considering the packet error rate in our formulation. We set the Nash equilibrium conditions for the proposed model. Under an assumption on the form of the utility functions, we develop a 0-1 mixed linear programming approach to compute nondominated extreme Nash equilibria. Results on a numerical example are provided and some useful insights are presented. Under some assumptions and a fully proven proposition, a feasible nondominated Nash equilibrium solution is found. Finally, we report and comment on computational experiments on randomly generated smart grid DSM game instances with different characteristics.

Demand-side management (DSM) plays a key role in the future of smart grids. Recently, DSM researchers have developed various mathematical models to optimize the demand response. Most of these works ignore the channel impairments' impact on the optimization process. In this paper, we propose a new noncooperative game theoretic model for the management of smart grid's demand considering the packet error rate in our formulation. We set the Nash equilibrium conditions for the proposed model. Under an assumption on the form of the utility functions, we develop a 0-1 mixed linear programming approach to compute nondominated extreme Nash equilibria. Results on a numerical example are provided and some useful insights are presented. Under some assumptions and a fully proven proposition, a feasible nondominated Nash equilibrium solution is found. Finally, we report and comment on computational experiments on randomly generated smart grid DSM game instances with different characteristics.

The standard IEC 61850 is considered as a candidate for communication standard for smart grid applications. The delay performance is one of the critical issues that were specified by IEC 61850. However, a few works have been done to evaluate the delay performance under wireless networks. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of IEC 61850 substation automation system (SAS) under wireless and hybrid networks. OPNET is used to model and simulate the Intelligent Electronic Device (IEDs) for three types of messages: GOOSE, the Raw Data Sampled Values and the Interbay trip messages in Substation Automation System.

The standard IEC 61850 is considered as a candidate for communication standard for smart grid applications. The delay performance is one of the critical issues that were specified by IEC 61850. However, a few works have been done to evaluate the delay performance under wireless networks. This paper presents the modeling and simulation of IEC 61850 substation automation system (SAS) under wireless and hybrid networks. OPNET is used to model and simulate the Intelligent Electronic Device (IEDs) for three types of messages: GOOSE, the Raw Data Sampled Values and the Interbay trip messages in Substation Automation System.

Water leaks from pipelines have large economic and ecological impacts. Minimizing water loss from supply pipelines has favorable effects on the environment as well as on energy consumption. This paper aims to understand the effect of the geometry of a leaking crack in a pipe wall by examining fluid flow characteristics, namely pressure and velocity distributions, inside the pipe. Practical observations show that the cause of wall rupture influences the geometry of cracks formed in a pipe wall, impacting aspects such as excessive pressure, corrosion. Knowledge of fluid flow characteristics could help in detecting and identifying leak characteristics at an early stage and assist in improving the energy and resource efficiency of water supply services. An experimental setup is developed to detect water leakage in a pipe when the leak is at an early stage and is difficult to detect by visual inspection. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is developed using the COMSOL software. A comprehensive analysis of the effect of leak geometry on pressure and velocity distributions along the pipe is carried out while considering factors such as different pipe sizes, leak geometries, and steady-state flow conditions. It is observed that both velocity and pressure magnitudes rapidly fluctuate in the vicinity of leaks. Leaking cracks with slot, circle, and square shapes are found to generate distinguishing pressure and velocity distributions along the pipe. Thus, the geometry of the leaking crack and potentially its root cause(s) could be predicted by measuring velocity and pressure distributions.

Water leaks from pipelines have large economic and ecological impacts. Minimizing water loss from supply pipelines has favorable effects on the environment as well as on energy consumption. This paper aims to understand the effect of the geometry of a leaking crack in a pipe wall by examining fluid flow characteristics, namely pressure and velocity distributions, inside the pipe. Practical observations show that the cause of wall rupture influences the geometry of cracks formed in a pipe wall, impacting aspects such as excessive pressure, corrosion. Knowledge of fluid flow characteristics could help in detecting and identifying leak characteristics at an early stage and assist in improving the energy and resource efficiency of water supply services. An experimental setup is developed to detect water leakage in a pipe when the leak is at an early stage and is difficult to detect by visual inspection. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is developed using the COMSOL software. A comprehensive analysis of the effect of leak geometry on pressure and velocity distributions along the pipe is carried out while considering factors such as different pipe sizes, leak geometries, and steady-state flow conditions. It is observed that both velocity and pressure magnitudes rapidly fluctuate in the vicinity of leaks. Leaking cracks with slot, circle, and square shapes are found to generate distinguishing pressure and velocity distributions along the pipe. Thus, the geometry of the leaking crack and potentially its root cause(s) could be predicted by measuring velocity and pressure distributions.

Today's smart grid faces many challenges due to the rapid evolution of generation, distribution, and storage means which enable users to produce, store, and sell energy back to the providers. Demand response management plays a key role in achieving the objective of balancing electricity supply and demand efficiently. It also helps leveling consumption during peak hours. To do so, this paper proposes a game theoretic model for the multiperiodic smart grid demand side management problem with shifted demand. The proposed model has two major sets of players: Homeowners and electricity providers. We develop a 0–1 mixed linear programming approach to compute the Nash equilibria of the proposed game. We analyze the structure of the Nash equilibria to maintain the viability of the smart grid infrastructure. We also discuss the order relations between the users and the providers utility coefficients. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on smart grid demand response synthetic data with different size. The obtained results demonstrate the scalability of the proposed game model.

Today's smart grid faces many challenges due to the rapid evolution of generation, distribution, and storage means which enable users to produce, store, and sell energy back to the providers. Demand response management plays a key role in achieving the objective of balancing electricity supply and demand efficiently. It also helps leveling consumption during peak hours. To do so, this paper proposes a game theoretic model for the multiperiodic smart grid demand side management problem with shifted demand. The proposed model has two major sets of players: Homeowners and electricity providers. We develop a 0–1 mixed linear programming approach to compute the Nash equilibria of the proposed game. We analyze the structure of the Nash equilibria to maintain the viability of the smart grid infrastructure. We also discuss the order relations between the users and the providers utility coefficients. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on smart grid demand response synthetic data with different size. The obtained results demonstrate the scalability of the proposed game model.