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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Siderius, C.; Groenendijk, P.; Jeuken, M.H.J.L.; Smit, A.A.M.F.R.;

    Mathematical models predicting nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface waters can be useful tools to evaluate measures combating eutrophication. NUSWALITE is a water quality model to predict the nutrient concentrations in high spatial and temporal detail for catchments and ‘polder areas’. The NUSWALITE model comprises the description of five main processes: i) uptake and release of nutrients by biomass, ii) mineralization of organic phosphorus and nitrogen to their mineral fractions, iii) adsorption and desorption of phosphorus and nitrogen, iv) loss of nitrogen by denitrification, sedimentation and biomass removal, and loss of phosphorus by sedimentation and biomass removal. This report includes the description of the process formulations, solution scheme, parameterization, and calculation of nutrient retention.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    External research report . 2009
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2009
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    External research report . 2009
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      External research report . 2009
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2009
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      External research report . 2009
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Siderius, C.; Smit, A.A.M.F.R.; Achterbosch, T.J.;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2014
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2014
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nair, S.; Siderius, C.; Moors, E.J.; Groot, A.M.E.; +3 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Wageningen Staff Pub...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    External research report . 2012
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    External research report . 2012
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Wageningen Staff Pub...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      External research report . 2012
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      External research report . 2012
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2012
      Data sources: Research@WUR
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Biemans, Hester; Siderius, Christian; Mishra, Ashok; Ahmad, Bashir;

    Abstract. Especially in the Himalayan headwaters of the main rivers in South Asia, shifts in runoff are expected as a result of a rapidly changing climate. In recent years, our insight into these shifts and their impact on water availability has increased. However, a similar detailed understanding of the seasonal pattern in water demand is surprisingly absent. This hampers a proper assessment of water stress and ways to cope and adapt. In this study, the seasonal pattern of irrigation-water demand resulting from the typical practice of multiple cropping in South Asia was accounted for by introducing double cropping with monsoon-dependent planting dates in a hydrology and vegetation model. Crop yields were calibrated to the latest state-level statistics of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The improvements in seasonal land use and cropping periods lead to lower estimates of irrigation-water demand compared to previous model-based studies, despite the net irrigated area being higher. Crop irrigation-water demand differs sharply between seasons and regions; in Pakistan, winter (rabi) and monsoon summer (kharif) irrigation demands are almost equal, whereas in Bangladesh the rabi demand is ∼ 100 times higher. Moreover, the relative importance of irrigation supply versus rain decreases sharply from west to east. Given the size and importance of South Asia improved regional estimates of food production and its irrigation-water demand will also affect global estimates. In models used for global water resources and food-security assessments, processes like multiple cropping and monsoon-dependent planting dates should not be ignored.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hydrology and Earth ...arrow_drop_down
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-...
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-...
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: Copernicus
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Article . 2016
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    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2016
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    Article . 2016
    License: CC BY
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hydrology and Earth ...arrow_drop_down
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-...
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: Copernicus
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Research@WUR
      Article . 2016
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      Article . 2016
      License: CC BY
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: C. Siderius; H. Biemans; P.E.V. van Walsum; E.C. van Ierland; +2 Authors

    One of the main manifestations of climate change is expected to be increased rainfall variability. How to deal with this in agriculture will be a major societal challenge. In this paper we explore flexibility in land use, through deliberate seasonal adjustments in cropped area, as a specific strategy for coping with rainfall variability. Such adjustments are not incorporated in hydro-meteorological crop models commonly used for food security analyses. Our paper contributes to the literature by making a comprehensive model assessment of inter-annual variability in cropproduction, including both variations in crop yield and cropped area. The Ganges basin is used as a case study.First, we assessed the contribution of cropped area variability to overall variability in rice and wheat production by applying hierarchical partitioning on time-series of agricultural statistics. We then introduced cropped area as an endogenous decision variable in a hydro-economic optimization model (WaterWise), coupled to a hydrology-vegetation model (LPJmL), and analyzed to what extent its performance in the estimation of inter-annual variability in crop production improved.From the statistics, we found that in the period 1999-2009 seasonal adjustment in cropped area can explain almost 50% of variability in wheat production and 40% of variability in rice production in the Indian part of the Ganges basin. Our improved model was well capable of mimicking existing variability at different spatial aggregation levels, especially for wheat. The value of flexibility, i.e. the foregone costs of choosing not to crop in years when water is scarce, was quantified at 4% of gross margin of wheat in the Indian part of the Ganges basin and as high as 34% of gross margin of wheat in the drought-prone state of Rajasthan. We argue that flexibility in land use is an important coping strategy to rainfall variability in water stressed regions. Date Submitted: 2015-12-22

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    Research@WUR
    Dataset . 2016
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    BioStudies
    Dataset . 2016
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    Dataset . 2016
    Data sources: B2FIND
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    EASY
    Dataset . 2016
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: EASY
    EASY
    Dataset . 2014
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Research@WUR
      Dataset . 2016
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      BioStudies
      Dataset . 2016
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2016
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      EASY
      Dataset . 2016
      License: CC 0
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      EASY
      Dataset . 2014
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Bhadwal, S.; Groot, A.M.E.; Siderius, C.; Terwisscha van Scheltinga, C.T.H.M.; +2 Authors
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    Research@WUR
    Article . 2011
    Data sources: Research@WUR
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    Authors: C.M.J. Jacobs; Tanya Singh; Ganesh Gorti; Usman Iftikhar; +6 Authors

    Le faible statut socio-économique a été largement reconnu comme un facteur important pour accroître la vulnérabilité d'une personne au changement climatique, y compris la vulnérabilité aux changements de température. Pourtant, on sait peu de choses sur l'exposition à la chaleur dans les villes des pays en développement, et encore moins sur l'exposition dans les quartiers informels de ces pays. Cet article présente une évaluation de l'exposition à la chaleur extérieure dans les villes sud-asiatiques de Delhi, Dhaka et Faisalabad. L'évolution temporelle de l'exposition à la chaleur est évaluée, ainsi que les différences intra-urbaines, à l'aide de mesures météorologiques provenant d'appareils mobiles et fixes (avril-septembre 2016). L'exposition à la chaleur est comparée entre les quartiers à faible revenu et les autres quartiers de ces villes. Les résultats sont exprimés en termes de température de l'air et en termes d'indices thermiques Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) et Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) au niveau de la marche. Des conditions classées comme dangereuses à très dangereuses, et susceptibles d'entraver la productivité, sont observées presque tous les jours de la période de mesure pendant la journée, même lorsque la température de l'air baisse après le début de la mousson. Il est recommandé de lancer des avertissements de chaleur en termes d'indices thermiques au lieu de simplement de température. Nos résultats nuancent l'idée que les personnes vivant dans des quartiers informels sont systématiquement plus exposées à la chaleur que les personnes vivant dans des quartiers plus prospères. Pendant la nuit, l'exposition a tendance à être améliorée dans les quartiers informels densément construits, mais pas si les quartiers à faible revenu sont plus ouverts ou s'ils sont intégrés dans des zones vertes/bleues. El bajo nivel socioeconómico ha sido ampliamente reconocido como un factor importante para aumentar la vulnerabilidad de una persona al cambio climático, incluida la vulnerabilidad a los cambios de temperatura. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la exposición al calor dentro de las ciudades en los países en desarrollo, y aún menos sobre la exposición dentro de los barrios informales en esos países. Este documento presenta una evaluación de la exposición al calor exterior en las ciudades del sur de Asia Delhi, Dhaka y Faisalabad. Se evalúa la evolución temporal de la exposición al calor, así como las diferencias intraurbanas, utilizando mediciones meteorológicas desde dispositivos móviles y estacionarios (abril-septiembre 2016). La exposición al calor se compara entre los barrios de bajos ingresos y otros barrios de estas ciudades. Los resultados se expresan en términos de temperatura del aire y en términos de los índices térmicos Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) y Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) a nivel de marcha. Las condiciones clasificadas como peligrosas a muy peligrosas, y que pueden impedir la productividad, se observan casi todos los días del periodo de medición durante el día, incluso cuando la temperatura del aire desciende después del inicio del monzón. Se recomienda emitir advertencias de calor en términos de índices térmicos en lugar de solo temperatura. Nuestros resultados matizan la idea de que las personas que viven en barrios informales están constantemente más expuestas al calor que las personas que viven en barrios más prósperos. Durante la noche, la exposición tiende a mejorar en los barrios informales densamente construidos, pero no si los barrios de bajos ingresos son más abiertos o si están incrustados en áreas verdes/azules. Low socio-economic status has been widely recognized as a significant factor in enhancing a person's vulnerability to climate change including vulnerability to changes in temperature. Yet, little is known about exposure to heat within cities in developing countries, and even less about exposure within informal neighbourhoods in those countries. This paper presents an assessment of exposure to outdoor heat in the South Asian cities Delhi, Dhaka, and Faisalabad. The temporal evolution of exposure to heat is evaluated, as well as intra-urban differences, using meteorological measurements from mobile and stationary devices (April–September 2016). Exposure to heat is compared between low-income and other neighbourhoods in these cities. Results are expressed in terms of air temperature and in terms of the thermal indices Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) at walking level. Conditions classified as dangerous to very dangerous, and likely to impede productivity, are observed almost every day of the measurement period during daytime, even when air temperature drops after the onset of the monsoon. It is recommended to cast heat warnings in terms of thermal indices instead of just temperature. Our results nuance the idea that people living in informal neighbourhoods are consistently more exposed to heat than people living in more prosperous neighbourhoods. During night-time, exposure does tend to be enhanced in densely-built informal neighbourhoods, but not if the low-income neighbourhoods are more open, or if they are embedded in green/blue areas. تم الاعتراف على نطاق واسع بالوضع الاجتماعي والاقتصادي المتدني كعامل مهم في تعزيز تعرض الشخص لتغير المناخ بما في ذلك التعرض للتغيرات في درجة الحرارة. ومع ذلك، لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن التعرض للحرارة داخل المدن في البلدان النامية، وأقل من ذلك عن التعرض داخل الأحياء غير الرسمية في تلك البلدان. تقدم هذه الورقة تقييماً للتعرض للحرارة في الهواء الطلق في مدن جنوب آسيا دلهي ودكا وفيصل أباد. يتم تقييم التطور الزمني للتعرض للحرارة، وكذلك الاختلافات داخل الحضر، باستخدام قياسات الأرصاد الجوية من الأجهزة المحمولة والثابتة (أبريل- سبتمبر 2016). تتم مقارنة التعرض للحرارة بين الأحياء ذات الدخل المنخفض والأحياء الأخرى في هذه المدن. يتم التعبير عن النتائج من حيث درجة حرارة الهواء ومن حيث المؤشرات الحرارية مؤشر الحرارة (HI)، ودرجة حرارة الكرة الأرضية الرطبة (WBGT) ومؤشر المناخ الحراري العالمي (UTCI) عند مستوى المشي. يتم ملاحظة الظروف المصنفة على أنها خطرة إلى خطرة للغاية، ومن المحتمل أن تعيق الإنتاجية، كل يوم تقريبًا من فترة القياس خلال النهار، حتى عندما تنخفض درجة حرارة الهواء بعد بداية الرياح الموسمية. يوصى بإلقاء تحذيرات الحرارة من حيث المؤشرات الحرارية بدلاً من درجة الحرارة فقط. توضح نتائجنا فكرة أن الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في أحياء غير رسمية يتعرضون باستمرار للحرارة أكثر من الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في أحياء أكثر ازدهارًا. خلال الليل، يميل التعرض إلى التعزيز في الأحياء العشوائية المكتظة، ولكن ليس إذا كانت الأحياء ذات الدخل المنخفض أكثر انفتاحًا، أو إذا كانت مدمجة في مناطق خضراء/زرقاء.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2019
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    Wageningen Staff Publications
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      Research@WUR
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY
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      Other literature type . 2019
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      Wageningen Staff Publications
      Article . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/8t...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/0y...
      Other literature type . 2019
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    Authors: Katharine Vincent; Ajay Gajanan Bhave; Declan Conway; Robel Geressu; +13 Authors

    La nécessité d'évaluer les performances majeures des infrastructures dans un contexte de changement climatique est largement reconnue mais rarement pratiquée, en particulier dans les économies africaines en croissance rapide. Ici, nous considérons des investissements à enjeux élevés dans les secteurs de l'eau, de l'énergie et de l'alimentation pour deux grands bassins hydrographiques dans une zone de transition climatique en Afrique. Nous intégrons une interprétation détaillée du comportement du système climatique observé et modélisé à la modélisation hydrologique et aux mesures de performance pertinentes pour la décision. Pour la rivière Rufiji en Tanzanie, les risques prévus pour le milieu du 21e siècle sont similaires à ceux d'aujourd' hui, mais pour le lac Malawi-Shire, le risque futur dépasse celui du 20e siècle. Dans les deux bassins, la répétition d'une sécheresse pluriannuelle du début du XXe siècle remettrait en question la viabilité de l'infrastructure proposée. Une vision à long terme, qui met l'accent sur les changements passés et futurs de la variabilité, dans un contexte plus large d'interprétation des informations climatiques et de prise de décision, est cruciale pour examiner le risque pour les infrastructures. La necesidad de evaluar el rendimiento de las principales infraestructuras en un clima cambiante es ampliamente reconocida, pero rara vez se practica, especialmente en las economías africanas de rápido crecimiento. Aquí, consideramos inversiones de alto riesgo en los sectores del agua, la energía y los alimentos para dos cuencas fluviales importantes en una zona de transición climática en África. Integramos la interpretación detallada del comportamiento del sistema climático observado y modelado con el modelado hidrológico y las métricas de rendimiento relevantes para la toma de decisiones. Para el río Rufiji en Tanzania, los riesgos proyectados para mediados del siglo XXI son similares a los actuales, pero para el río Lake Malawi-Shire, el riesgo futuro supera al experimentado durante el siglo XX. En ambas cuencas, la repetición de una sequía plurianual de principios del siglo XX pondría en peligro la viabilidad de la infraestructura propuesta. Una visión a largo plazo, que enfatice los cambios pasados y futuros en la variabilidad, dentro de un contexto más amplio de interpretación de la información climática y toma de decisiones, es crucial para detectar el riesgo para la infraestructura. The need to assess major infrastructure performance under a changing climate is widely recognized yet rarely practiced, particularly in rapidly growing African economies. Here, we consider high-stakes investments across the water, energy, and food sectors for two major river basins in a climate transition zone in Africa. We integrate detailed interpretation of observed and modeled climate-system behavior with hydrological modeling and decision-relevant performance metrics. For the Rufiji River in Tanzania, projected risks for the mid-21st century are similar to those of the present day, but for the Lake Malawi-Shire River, future risk exceeds that experienced during the 20th century. In both basins a repeat of an early-20th century multi-year drought would challenge the viability of proposed infrastructure. A long view, which emphasizes past and future changes in variability, set within a broader context of climate-information interpretation and decision making, is crucial for screening the risk to infrastructure. إن الحاجة إلى تقييم أداء البنية التحتية الرئيسية في ظل مناخ متغير معترف بها على نطاق واسع ولكنها نادراً ما تمارس، لا سيما في الاقتصادات الأفريقية سريعة النمو. هنا، ننظر في الاستثمارات عالية المخاطر عبر قطاعات المياه والطاقة والغذاء لحوضين نهريين رئيسيين في منطقة انتقالية مناخية في إفريقيا. نحن ندمج التفسير التفصيلي لسلوك النظام المناخي الملحوظ والمنمذج مع النمذجة الهيدرولوجية ومقاييس الأداء ذات الصلة بالقرار. بالنسبة لنهر روفيجي في تنزانيا، فإن المخاطر المتوقعة لمنتصف القرن الحادي والعشرين مماثلة لتلك الموجودة في الوقت الحاضر، ولكن بالنسبة لنهر بحيرة ملاوي- شاير، فإن المخاطر المستقبلية تتجاوز تلك التي شهدها القرن العشرين. في كلا الحوضين، فإن تكرار الجفاف الذي استمر لعدة سنوات في أوائل القرن العشرين من شأنه أن يتحدى جدوى البنية التحتية المقترحة. إن النظرة الطويلة، التي تؤكد على التغييرات السابقة والمستقبلية في التباين، والتي تم وضعها في سياق أوسع لتفسير المعلومات المناخية واتخاذ القرارات، أمر بالغ الأهمية لفحص المخاطر التي تتعرض لها البنية التحتية.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ One Eartharrow_drop_down
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    One Earth
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/zg...
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      One Earth
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/zg...
      Other literature type . 2021
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/vy...
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    Authors: Hester Biemans; Hester Biemans; Santosh Nepal; T. Hassan; +9 Authors

    Densely populated floodplains downstream of Asia’s mountain ranges depend heavily on mountain water resources, in particular for irrigation. An intensive and complex multi-cropping irrigated agricultural system has developed here to optimize the use of these mountain water resources in conjunction with monsoonal rainfall. Snow and glacier melt thereby modulate the seasonal pattern of river flows and, together with groundwater, provide water when rainfall is scarce. Climate change is expected to weaken this modulating effect, with potentially strong effects on food production in one of the world’s breadbaskets. Here we quantify the space-, time- and crop-specific dependence of agriculture in the Indo-Gangetic Plains on mountain water resources, using a coupled state-of-the-art, high-resolution, cryosphere–hydrology–crop model. We show that dependence varies strongly in space and time and is highest in the Indus basin, where in the pre-monsoon season up to 60% of the total irrigation withdrawals originate from mountain snow and glacier melt, and that it contributes an additional 11% to total crop production. Although dependence in the floodplains of the Ganges is comparatively lower, meltwater is still essential during the dry season, in particular for crops such as sugar cane. The dependency on meltwater in the Brahmaputra is negligible. In total, 129 million farmers in the Indus and Ganges substantially depend on snow and glacier melt for their livelihoods. Snow and glacier melt provides enough water to grow food crops to sustain a balanced diet for 38 million people. These findings provide important information for agricultural and climate change adaptation policies in a climate change hot spot where shifts in water availability and demand are projected as a result of climate change and socio-economic growth.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nature Sustainabilit...arrow_drop_down
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    Nature Sustainability
    Article . 2019
    License: taverne
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Article . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Other literature type . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature Sustainability
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nature Sustainability
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Other literature type . 2019
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      Nature Sustainability
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Moors, E.J.; Singh, T.; Siderius, C.; Balakrishnan, S.; +1 Authors

    Although several studies show the vulnerability of human health to climate change, a clear comprehensive quantification of the increased health risks attributable to climate change is lacking. Even more complicated are assessments of adaptation measures for this sector. We discuss the impact of climate change on diarrhoea as a representative of a waterborne infectious disease affecting human health in the Ganges basin of northern India. A conceptual framework is presented for climate exposure response relationships based on studies from different countries, as empirical studies and appropriate epidemiological data sets for India are lacking. Four climate variables are included: temperature, increased/extreme precipitation, decreased precipitation/droughts and relative humidity. Applying the conceptual framework to the latest regional climate projections for northern India shows increases between present and future (2040s), varying spatially from no change to an increase of 21% in diarrhoea incidences, with 13.1% increase on average for the Ganges basin. We discuss three types of measures against diarrhoeal disease: reactive actions, preventive actions and national policy options. Preventive actions have the potential to counterbalance this expected increase. However, given the limited progress in reducing incidences over the past decade consorted actions and effective implementation and integration of existing policies are needed.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Article . 2013
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Article . 2013
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2013
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
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15 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Siderius, C.; Groenendijk, P.; Jeuken, M.H.J.L.; Smit, A.A.M.F.R.;

    Mathematical models predicting nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface waters can be useful tools to evaluate measures combating eutrophication. NUSWALITE is a water quality model to predict the nutrient concentrations in high spatial and temporal detail for catchments and ‘polder areas’. The NUSWALITE model comprises the description of five main processes: i) uptake and release of nutrients by biomass, ii) mineralization of organic phosphorus and nitrogen to their mineral fractions, iii) adsorption and desorption of phosphorus and nitrogen, iv) loss of nitrogen by denitrification, sedimentation and biomass removal, and loss of phosphorus by sedimentation and biomass removal. This report includes the description of the process formulations, solution scheme, parameterization, and calculation of nutrient retention.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    External research report . 2009
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2009
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    External research report . 2009
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      External research report . 2009
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2009
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      External research report . 2009
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Siderius, C.; Smit, A.A.M.F.R.; Achterbosch, T.J.;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2014
    Data sources: Research@WUR
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2014
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nair, S.; Siderius, C.; Moors, E.J.; Groot, A.M.E.; +3 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Wageningen Staff Pub...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    External research report . 2012
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    External research report . 2012
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Wageningen Staff Pub...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      External research report . 2012
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      External research report . 2012
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2012
      Data sources: Research@WUR
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Biemans, Hester; Siderius, Christian; Mishra, Ashok; Ahmad, Bashir;

    Abstract. Especially in the Himalayan headwaters of the main rivers in South Asia, shifts in runoff are expected as a result of a rapidly changing climate. In recent years, our insight into these shifts and their impact on water availability has increased. However, a similar detailed understanding of the seasonal pattern in water demand is surprisingly absent. This hampers a proper assessment of water stress and ways to cope and adapt. In this study, the seasonal pattern of irrigation-water demand resulting from the typical practice of multiple cropping in South Asia was accounted for by introducing double cropping with monsoon-dependent planting dates in a hydrology and vegetation model. Crop yields were calibrated to the latest state-level statistics of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. The improvements in seasonal land use and cropping periods lead to lower estimates of irrigation-water demand compared to previous model-based studies, despite the net irrigated area being higher. Crop irrigation-water demand differs sharply between seasons and regions; in Pakistan, winter (rabi) and monsoon summer (kharif) irrigation demands are almost equal, whereas in Bangladesh the rabi demand is ∼ 100 times higher. Moreover, the relative importance of irrigation supply versus rain decreases sharply from west to east. Given the size and importance of South Asia improved regional estimates of food production and its irrigation-water demand will also affect global estimates. In models used for global water resources and food-security assessments, processes like multiple cropping and monsoon-dependent planting dates should not be ignored.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hydrology and Earth ...arrow_drop_down
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-...
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-...
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: Copernicus
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Research@WUR
    Article . 2016
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    Research@WUR
    Other literature type . 2016
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Wageningen Staff Publications
    Article . 2016
    License: CC BY
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
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      Research@WUR
      Article . 2016
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      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Wageningen Staff Publications
      Article . 2016
      License: CC BY
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: C. Siderius; H. Biemans; P.E.V. van Walsum; E.C. van Ierland; +2 Authors

    One of the main manifestations of climate change is expected to be increased rainfall variability. How to deal with this in agriculture will be a major societal challenge. In this paper we explore flexibility in land use, through deliberate seasonal adjustments in cropped area, as a specific strategy for coping with rainfall variability. Such adjustments are not incorporated in hydro-meteorological crop models commonly used for food security analyses. Our paper contributes to the literature by making a comprehensive model assessment of inter-annual variability in cropproduction, including both variations in crop yield and cropped area. The Ganges basin is used as a case study.First, we assessed the contribution of cropped area variability to overall variability in rice and wheat production by applying hierarchical partitioning on time-series of agricultural statistics. We then introduced cropped area as an endogenous decision variable in a hydro-economic optimization model (WaterWise), coupled to a hydrology-vegetation model (LPJmL), and analyzed to what extent its performance in the estimation of inter-annual variability in crop production improved.From the statistics, we found that in the period 1999-2009 seasonal adjustment in cropped area can explain almost 50% of variability in wheat production and 40% of variability in rice production in the Indian part of the Ganges basin. Our improved model was well capable of mimicking existing variability at different spatial aggregation levels, especially for wheat. The value of flexibility, i.e. the foregone costs of choosing not to crop in years when water is scarce, was quantified at 4% of gross margin of wheat in the Indian part of the Ganges basin and as high as 34% of gross margin of wheat in the drought-prone state of Rajasthan. We argue that flexibility in land use is an important coping strategy to rainfall variability in water stressed regions. Date Submitted: 2015-12-22

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    Research@WUR
    Dataset . 2016
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    BioStudies
    Dataset . 2016
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    Dataset . 2016
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    EASY
    Dataset . 2016
    License: CC 0
    Data sources: EASY
    EASY
    Dataset . 2014
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Research@WUR
      Dataset . 2016
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      BioStudies
      Dataset . 2016
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2016
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      EASY
      Dataset . 2016
      License: CC 0
      Data sources: EASY
      EASY
      Dataset . 2014
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Bhadwal, S.; Groot, A.M.E.; Siderius, C.; Terwisscha van Scheltinga, C.T.H.M.; +2 Authors
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    Research@WUR
    Article . 2011
    Data sources: Research@WUR
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    Other literature type . 2011
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      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2011
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    Authors: C.M.J. Jacobs; Tanya Singh; Ganesh Gorti; Usman Iftikhar; +6 Authors

    Le faible statut socio-économique a été largement reconnu comme un facteur important pour accroître la vulnérabilité d'une personne au changement climatique, y compris la vulnérabilité aux changements de température. Pourtant, on sait peu de choses sur l'exposition à la chaleur dans les villes des pays en développement, et encore moins sur l'exposition dans les quartiers informels de ces pays. Cet article présente une évaluation de l'exposition à la chaleur extérieure dans les villes sud-asiatiques de Delhi, Dhaka et Faisalabad. L'évolution temporelle de l'exposition à la chaleur est évaluée, ainsi que les différences intra-urbaines, à l'aide de mesures météorologiques provenant d'appareils mobiles et fixes (avril-septembre 2016). L'exposition à la chaleur est comparée entre les quartiers à faible revenu et les autres quartiers de ces villes. Les résultats sont exprimés en termes de température de l'air et en termes d'indices thermiques Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) et Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) au niveau de la marche. Des conditions classées comme dangereuses à très dangereuses, et susceptibles d'entraver la productivité, sont observées presque tous les jours de la période de mesure pendant la journée, même lorsque la température de l'air baisse après le début de la mousson. Il est recommandé de lancer des avertissements de chaleur en termes d'indices thermiques au lieu de simplement de température. Nos résultats nuancent l'idée que les personnes vivant dans des quartiers informels sont systématiquement plus exposées à la chaleur que les personnes vivant dans des quartiers plus prospères. Pendant la nuit, l'exposition a tendance à être améliorée dans les quartiers informels densément construits, mais pas si les quartiers à faible revenu sont plus ouverts ou s'ils sont intégrés dans des zones vertes/bleues. El bajo nivel socioeconómico ha sido ampliamente reconocido como un factor importante para aumentar la vulnerabilidad de una persona al cambio climático, incluida la vulnerabilidad a los cambios de temperatura. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la exposición al calor dentro de las ciudades en los países en desarrollo, y aún menos sobre la exposición dentro de los barrios informales en esos países. Este documento presenta una evaluación de la exposición al calor exterior en las ciudades del sur de Asia Delhi, Dhaka y Faisalabad. Se evalúa la evolución temporal de la exposición al calor, así como las diferencias intraurbanas, utilizando mediciones meteorológicas desde dispositivos móviles y estacionarios (abril-septiembre 2016). La exposición al calor se compara entre los barrios de bajos ingresos y otros barrios de estas ciudades. Los resultados se expresan en términos de temperatura del aire y en términos de los índices térmicos Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) y Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) a nivel de marcha. Las condiciones clasificadas como peligrosas a muy peligrosas, y que pueden impedir la productividad, se observan casi todos los días del periodo de medición durante el día, incluso cuando la temperatura del aire desciende después del inicio del monzón. Se recomienda emitir advertencias de calor en términos de índices térmicos en lugar de solo temperatura. Nuestros resultados matizan la idea de que las personas que viven en barrios informales están constantemente más expuestas al calor que las personas que viven en barrios más prósperos. Durante la noche, la exposición tiende a mejorar en los barrios informales densamente construidos, pero no si los barrios de bajos ingresos son más abiertos o si están incrustados en áreas verdes/azules. Low socio-economic status has been widely recognized as a significant factor in enhancing a person's vulnerability to climate change including vulnerability to changes in temperature. Yet, little is known about exposure to heat within cities in developing countries, and even less about exposure within informal neighbourhoods in those countries. This paper presents an assessment of exposure to outdoor heat in the South Asian cities Delhi, Dhaka, and Faisalabad. The temporal evolution of exposure to heat is evaluated, as well as intra-urban differences, using meteorological measurements from mobile and stationary devices (April–September 2016). Exposure to heat is compared between low-income and other neighbourhoods in these cities. Results are expressed in terms of air temperature and in terms of the thermal indices Heat Index (HI), Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) at walking level. Conditions classified as dangerous to very dangerous, and likely to impede productivity, are observed almost every day of the measurement period during daytime, even when air temperature drops after the onset of the monsoon. It is recommended to cast heat warnings in terms of thermal indices instead of just temperature. Our results nuance the idea that people living in informal neighbourhoods are consistently more exposed to heat than people living in more prosperous neighbourhoods. During night-time, exposure does tend to be enhanced in densely-built informal neighbourhoods, but not if the low-income neighbourhoods are more open, or if they are embedded in green/blue areas. تم الاعتراف على نطاق واسع بالوضع الاجتماعي والاقتصادي المتدني كعامل مهم في تعزيز تعرض الشخص لتغير المناخ بما في ذلك التعرض للتغيرات في درجة الحرارة. ومع ذلك، لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن التعرض للحرارة داخل المدن في البلدان النامية، وأقل من ذلك عن التعرض داخل الأحياء غير الرسمية في تلك البلدان. تقدم هذه الورقة تقييماً للتعرض للحرارة في الهواء الطلق في مدن جنوب آسيا دلهي ودكا وفيصل أباد. يتم تقييم التطور الزمني للتعرض للحرارة، وكذلك الاختلافات داخل الحضر، باستخدام قياسات الأرصاد الجوية من الأجهزة المحمولة والثابتة (أبريل- سبتمبر 2016). تتم مقارنة التعرض للحرارة بين الأحياء ذات الدخل المنخفض والأحياء الأخرى في هذه المدن. يتم التعبير عن النتائج من حيث درجة حرارة الهواء ومن حيث المؤشرات الحرارية مؤشر الحرارة (HI)، ودرجة حرارة الكرة الأرضية الرطبة (WBGT) ومؤشر المناخ الحراري العالمي (UTCI) عند مستوى المشي. يتم ملاحظة الظروف المصنفة على أنها خطرة إلى خطرة للغاية، ومن المحتمل أن تعيق الإنتاجية، كل يوم تقريبًا من فترة القياس خلال النهار، حتى عندما تنخفض درجة حرارة الهواء بعد بداية الرياح الموسمية. يوصى بإلقاء تحذيرات الحرارة من حيث المؤشرات الحرارية بدلاً من درجة الحرارة فقط. توضح نتائجنا فكرة أن الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في أحياء غير رسمية يتعرضون باستمرار للحرارة أكثر من الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في أحياء أكثر ازدهارًا. خلال الليل، يميل التعرض إلى التعزيز في الأحياء العشوائية المكتظة، ولكن ليس إذا كانت الأحياء ذات الدخل المنخفض أكثر انفتاحًا، أو إذا كانت مدمجة في مناطق خضراء/زرقاء.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2019
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    Wageningen Staff Publications
    Article . 2019
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      Research@WUR
      Article . 2019
      License: CC BY
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      Other literature type . 2019
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      Wageningen Staff Publications
      Article . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/8t...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/0y...
      Other literature type . 2019
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    Authors: Katharine Vincent; Ajay Gajanan Bhave; Declan Conway; Robel Geressu; +13 Authors

    La nécessité d'évaluer les performances majeures des infrastructures dans un contexte de changement climatique est largement reconnue mais rarement pratiquée, en particulier dans les économies africaines en croissance rapide. Ici, nous considérons des investissements à enjeux élevés dans les secteurs de l'eau, de l'énergie et de l'alimentation pour deux grands bassins hydrographiques dans une zone de transition climatique en Afrique. Nous intégrons une interprétation détaillée du comportement du système climatique observé et modélisé à la modélisation hydrologique et aux mesures de performance pertinentes pour la décision. Pour la rivière Rufiji en Tanzanie, les risques prévus pour le milieu du 21e siècle sont similaires à ceux d'aujourd' hui, mais pour le lac Malawi-Shire, le risque futur dépasse celui du 20e siècle. Dans les deux bassins, la répétition d'une sécheresse pluriannuelle du début du XXe siècle remettrait en question la viabilité de l'infrastructure proposée. Une vision à long terme, qui met l'accent sur les changements passés et futurs de la variabilité, dans un contexte plus large d'interprétation des informations climatiques et de prise de décision, est cruciale pour examiner le risque pour les infrastructures. La necesidad de evaluar el rendimiento de las principales infraestructuras en un clima cambiante es ampliamente reconocida, pero rara vez se practica, especialmente en las economías africanas de rápido crecimiento. Aquí, consideramos inversiones de alto riesgo en los sectores del agua, la energía y los alimentos para dos cuencas fluviales importantes en una zona de transición climática en África. Integramos la interpretación detallada del comportamiento del sistema climático observado y modelado con el modelado hidrológico y las métricas de rendimiento relevantes para la toma de decisiones. Para el río Rufiji en Tanzania, los riesgos proyectados para mediados del siglo XXI son similares a los actuales, pero para el río Lake Malawi-Shire, el riesgo futuro supera al experimentado durante el siglo XX. En ambas cuencas, la repetición de una sequía plurianual de principios del siglo XX pondría en peligro la viabilidad de la infraestructura propuesta. Una visión a largo plazo, que enfatice los cambios pasados y futuros en la variabilidad, dentro de un contexto más amplio de interpretación de la información climática y toma de decisiones, es crucial para detectar el riesgo para la infraestructura. The need to assess major infrastructure performance under a changing climate is widely recognized yet rarely practiced, particularly in rapidly growing African economies. Here, we consider high-stakes investments across the water, energy, and food sectors for two major river basins in a climate transition zone in Africa. We integrate detailed interpretation of observed and modeled climate-system behavior with hydrological modeling and decision-relevant performance metrics. For the Rufiji River in Tanzania, projected risks for the mid-21st century are similar to those of the present day, but for the Lake Malawi-Shire River, future risk exceeds that experienced during the 20th century. In both basins a repeat of an early-20th century multi-year drought would challenge the viability of proposed infrastructure. A long view, which emphasizes past and future changes in variability, set within a broader context of climate-information interpretation and decision making, is crucial for screening the risk to infrastructure. إن الحاجة إلى تقييم أداء البنية التحتية الرئيسية في ظل مناخ متغير معترف بها على نطاق واسع ولكنها نادراً ما تمارس، لا سيما في الاقتصادات الأفريقية سريعة النمو. هنا، ننظر في الاستثمارات عالية المخاطر عبر قطاعات المياه والطاقة والغذاء لحوضين نهريين رئيسيين في منطقة انتقالية مناخية في إفريقيا. نحن ندمج التفسير التفصيلي لسلوك النظام المناخي الملحوظ والمنمذج مع النمذجة الهيدرولوجية ومقاييس الأداء ذات الصلة بالقرار. بالنسبة لنهر روفيجي في تنزانيا، فإن المخاطر المتوقعة لمنتصف القرن الحادي والعشرين مماثلة لتلك الموجودة في الوقت الحاضر، ولكن بالنسبة لنهر بحيرة ملاوي- شاير، فإن المخاطر المستقبلية تتجاوز تلك التي شهدها القرن العشرين. في كلا الحوضين، فإن تكرار الجفاف الذي استمر لعدة سنوات في أوائل القرن العشرين من شأنه أن يتحدى جدوى البنية التحتية المقترحة. إن النظرة الطويلة، التي تؤكد على التغييرات السابقة والمستقبلية في التباين، والتي تم وضعها في سياق أوسع لتفسير المعلومات المناخية واتخاذ القرارات، أمر بالغ الأهمية لفحص المخاطر التي تتعرض لها البنية التحتية.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ One Eartharrow_drop_down
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    One Earth
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/zg...
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      One Earth
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/zg...
      Other literature type . 2021
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/vy...
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    Authors: Hester Biemans; Hester Biemans; Santosh Nepal; T. Hassan; +9 Authors

    Densely populated floodplains downstream of Asia’s mountain ranges depend heavily on mountain water resources, in particular for irrigation. An intensive and complex multi-cropping irrigated agricultural system has developed here to optimize the use of these mountain water resources in conjunction with monsoonal rainfall. Snow and glacier melt thereby modulate the seasonal pattern of river flows and, together with groundwater, provide water when rainfall is scarce. Climate change is expected to weaken this modulating effect, with potentially strong effects on food production in one of the world’s breadbaskets. Here we quantify the space-, time- and crop-specific dependence of agriculture in the Indo-Gangetic Plains on mountain water resources, using a coupled state-of-the-art, high-resolution, cryosphere–hydrology–crop model. We show that dependence varies strongly in space and time and is highest in the Indus basin, where in the pre-monsoon season up to 60% of the total irrigation withdrawals originate from mountain snow and glacier melt, and that it contributes an additional 11% to total crop production. Although dependence in the floodplains of the Ganges is comparatively lower, meltwater is still essential during the dry season, in particular for crops such as sugar cane. The dependency on meltwater in the Brahmaputra is negligible. In total, 129 million farmers in the Indus and Ganges substantially depend on snow and glacier melt for their livelihoods. Snow and glacier melt provides enough water to grow food crops to sustain a balanced diet for 38 million people. These findings provide important information for agricultural and climate change adaptation policies in a climate change hot spot where shifts in water availability and demand are projected as a result of climate change and socio-economic growth.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Nature Sustainabilit...arrow_drop_down
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    Nature Sustainability
    Article . 2019
    License: taverne
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Research@WUR
    Article . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Other literature type . 2019
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature Sustainability
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Nature Sustainability
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Other literature type . 2019
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      Nature Sustainability
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Moors, E.J.; Singh, T.; Siderius, C.; Balakrishnan, S.; +1 Authors

    Although several studies show the vulnerability of human health to climate change, a clear comprehensive quantification of the increased health risks attributable to climate change is lacking. Even more complicated are assessments of adaptation measures for this sector. We discuss the impact of climate change on diarrhoea as a representative of a waterborne infectious disease affecting human health in the Ganges basin of northern India. A conceptual framework is presented for climate exposure response relationships based on studies from different countries, as empirical studies and appropriate epidemiological data sets for India are lacking. Four climate variables are included: temperature, increased/extreme precipitation, decreased precipitation/droughts and relative humidity. Applying the conceptual framework to the latest regional climate projections for northern India shows increases between present and future (2040s), varying spatially from no change to an increase of 21% in diarrhoea incidences, with 13.1% increase on average for the Ganges basin. We discuss three types of measures against diarrhoeal disease: reactive actions, preventive actions and national policy options. Preventive actions have the potential to counterbalance this expected increase. However, given the limited progress in reducing incidences over the past decade consorted actions and effective implementation and integration of existing policies are needed.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Article . 2013
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Article . 2013
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Research@WUR
      Other literature type . 2013
      Data sources: Research@WUR
      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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