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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Solomon H. Gebrechorkos; Ming Pan; Peirong Lin; Daniela Anghileri; +6 Authors

    Bassin de la Volta, Afrique de l'Ouest Les sécheresses hydrologiques ont un large éventail d'impacts sur les sociétés et les secteurs économiques tels que l'agriculture et la production d'énergie. L'analyse des sécheresses hydrologiques aide à mieux planifier et gérer les ressources en eau dans le cadre du changement mondial. Cette étude analyse la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de l'occurrence de la sécheresse hydrologique (durée et gravité) dans le bassin de la Volta entre 1979 et 2013. Nous avons utilisé les modèles de capacité d'infiltration variable et de routage vectoriel (RAPIDE) et les données de forçage à haute résolution pour simuler le débit du cours d'eau pour 10 300 tronçons de rivière. La durée et la gravité de la sécheresse montrent une grande variabilité spatiale et de grandes différences entre les trois décennies (1980, 1990 et 2000). Les sécheresses sont plus graves dans les grands bassins versants, car les débits sont généralement plus élevés. L'analyse des tendances montre une tendance générale à la baisse (jusqu'à 5% par événement) de la durée de la sécheresse dans le nord-est et une tendance à la hausse dans les parties sud du bassin. La gravité de la sécheresse montre une tendance à la hausse et à la baisse (jusqu'à ± 20 %) dans les parties sud et nord du bassin, respectivement. Le débit quotidien du cours d'eau a une corrélation maximale (jusqu'à 0,78) avec les précipitations en amont pour les 30 jours précédents avec un signal clair de propagation de la sécheresse météorologique à la sécheresse hydrologique avec un temps de latence moyen de deux semaines. Les résultats indiquent la nécessité d'envisager des mesures de gestion de la sécheresse spécifiques au site et adaptatives pour minimiser les impacts. Cuenca del río Volta, África Occidental Las sequías hidrológicas tienen una amplia gama de impactos en las sociedades y sectores económicos como la agricultura y la producción de energía. El análisis de las sequías hidrológicas ayuda a planificar y gestionar mejor los recursos hídricos bajo el cambio global. Este estudio analiza la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la ocurrencia de sequía hidrológica (duración y gravedad) en la cuenca del río Volta durante 1979–2013. Utilizamos la Capacidad de Infiltración Variable y los modelos de enrutamiento basados en vectores (RAPID) y los datos de forzamiento de alta resolución para simular el caudal de los ríos 10300. La duración y la gravedad de la sequía muestran una alta variabilidad espacial y grandes diferencias entre las tres décadas (1980, 1990 y 2000). Las sequías son más severas en las cuencas más grandes, ya que los flujos son generalmente más altos. El análisis de tendencias muestra una tendencia general decreciente (hasta un 5% por evento) en la duración de la sequía en el noreste y una tendencia creciente en las partes meridionales de la cuenca. La severidad de la sequía muestra una tendencia creciente y decreciente (hasta ± 20%) en la parte sur y norte de la cuenca, respectivamente. El caudal diario tiene una correlación máxima (hasta 0,78) con la precipitación aguas arriba durante los 30 días anteriores con una clara señal de propagación de la sequía meteorológica a la hidrológica con un tiempo de retardo promedio de dos semanas. Los resultados indican la necesidad de considerar medidas de gestión de la sequía adaptadas y específicas del sitio para minimizar los impactos. Volta River Basin, West Africa Hydrological droughts have a wide range of impacts on societies and economic sectors such as agriculture and energy production. Analysis of hydrological droughts helps better plan and manage water resources under global change. This study analyses the spatial and temporal variability of hydrological drought occurrence (duration and severity) in the Volta River basin during 1979–2013. We used the Variable Infiltration Capacity and vector-based routing (RAPID) models and high-resolution forcing data to simulate streamflow for 10300 river reaches. Drought duration and severity show high spatial variability and large differences between the three decades (1980 s, 1990 s and 2000 s). Droughts are more severe in larger catchments as the flows are generally higher. The trend analysis shows a general decreasing trend (up to 5% per event) in drought duration in the north-eastern and an increasing trend in southern parts of the basin. Drought severity shows an increasing and decreasing trend (up to ± 20%) in south and north part of the basin, respectively. Daily streamflow has a maximum correlation (up to 0.78) with upstream precipitation for the previous 30-days with a clear signal of propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought with an average lag-time of two weeks. The results indicate the need to consider site-specific and adaptive drought management measures to minimize the impacts. حوض نهر فولتا، غرب أفريقيا الجفاف الهيدرولوجي له مجموعة واسعة من الآثار على المجتمعات والقطاعات الاقتصادية مثل الزراعة وإنتاج الطاقة. يساعد تحليل الجفاف الهيدرولوجي على تخطيط وإدارة الموارد المائية بشكل أفضل في ظل التغير العالمي. تحلل هذه الدراسة التباين المكاني والزماني لحدوث الجفاف الهيدرولوجي (المدة والشدة) في حوض نهر فولتا خلال الفترة 1979–2013. استخدمنا سعة التسرب المتغيرة ونماذج التوجيه (السريع) القائمة على المتجهات وبيانات الإجبار عالية الدقة لمحاكاة تدفق التيار لممرات النهر 10300. تظهر مدة الجفاف وشدته تقلبات مكانية عالية واختلافات كبيرة بين العقود الثلاثة (1980 و 1990 و 2000). يكون الجفاف أكثر حدة في مستجمعات المياه الكبيرة حيث تكون التدفقات أعلى بشكل عام. يُظهر تحليل الاتجاه اتجاهًا تنازليًا عامًا (يصل إلى 5 ٪ لكل حدث) في مدة الجفاف في الشمال الشرقي واتجاهًا متزايدًا في الأجزاء الجنوبية من الحوض. تُظهر شدة الجفاف اتجاهًا متزايدًا ومتناقصًا (يصل إلى ± 20 ٪) في الجزء الجنوبي والشمالي من الحوض، على التوالي. التدفق اليومي له علاقة قصوى (تصل إلى 0.78) مع هطول الأمطار في المنبع خلال الثلاثين يومًا السابقة مع إشارة واضحة إلى الانتشار من الأرصاد الجوية إلى الجفاف الهيدرولوجي بمتوسط فترة تأخر تبلغ أسبوعين. تشير النتائج إلى الحاجة إلى النظر في تدابير إدارة الجفاف الخاصة بالموقع والتكيفية لتقليل الآثار.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ e-Prints Sotonarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/1d...
    Other literature type . 2022
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/7s...
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ e-Prints Sotonarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/1d...
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/7s...
      Other literature type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Samuel Nii Odai; Dennis Trolle; Deborah Darko; Deborah Darko; +3 Authors

    Abstract Climatic changes influence the thermal and oxygen dynamics of a lake and thus its ecological functioning. The impacts of climatic changes on tropical lakes are so far poorly studied and the extent of the effects is therefore uncertain, most investigations describing only potential effects. In this study, we applied the one-dimensional lake ecosystem model GOTM-ERGOM to quantify the effects of climate change on thermal stratification, oxygen dynamics, and primary production in meso-oligotrophic Lake Volta. GOTM-ERGOM was calibrated and validated using two years of observed data. The validated model was used to evaluate a series of future climate change scenarios. The model simulations showed good agreement with observed water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a and indicated intensified stratification and reduced oxygen levels in the productive water layers of the lake. However, the longer-lasting stratification (prolonged stability) did not translate into permanent stratification. A relatively small (1 m) upward shift of thermocline depth resulted in an 8%–12% volume loss of the oxygen-rich upper mixed layer, which may be significant for the fisheries of the lake as it diminishes the size of suitable fish habitats. Light limitation of primary production renders the lake somewhat resilient to intensive algae blooms, as traceable in both the present and in the future climate scenarios. In the long term, the ongoing climate change may affect riparian communities that depend on the lake's fisheries for their livelihood. In consequence, future lake management strategies for implementation need to account for the impacts of future climate change.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao PURE Aarhus Universi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Great Lakes Research
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao PURE Aarhus Universi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Great Lakes Research
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jaise Kuriakose; Kevin Anderson; Deborah Darko; Emmanuel Obuobie; +2 Authors

    La energía hidroeléctrica es una fuente renovable de generación de electricidad que es una característica común de las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional (NDC), especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, lejos de ser benigno, la investigación muestra que las emisiones significativas de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) emanan de reservorios poco profundos cuando se encuentran en los trópicos. Ghana proporciona un estudio de caso para explorar las implicaciones de las emisiones de los yacimientos hidroeléctricos dentro de un sistema energético futuro consistente con los objetivos climáticos de París. Al ser un país de rápido desarrollo, Ghana necesita generar cantidades significativas de electricidad baja en carbono para satisfacer la creciente demanda en los próximos 30 años. El análisis de las presas ghanesas existentes (Akosombo, Kpong y Bui) y la próxima presa de Pwalugu sugiere que sus intensidades medias de emisión (gCO2/kWh) son similares a las de las centrales eléctricas de carbón durante los primeros 30 años de su vida útil. El estudio de caso demuestra que las emisiones acumuladas (posteriores a 2020) de dióxido de carbono de los recursos hidroeléctricos planificados e identificados consumirán el 40 % del presupuesto de carbono de Ghana que cumple con los requisitos de París, pero proporcionarán poco menos del 1 % de su demanda futura de energía (en escenarios que cumplen con los requisitos de París). El análisis sugiere que la nueva energía hidroeléctrica en los trópicos puede reducir significativamente el espacio de emisiones disponible para otros sectores, como el transporte y la industria, cuando se enfrenta a un presupuesto de emisiones muy restringido. En conclusión, para Ghana específicamente, en lugar de construir más represas, la eficiencia energética y la diversificación de las opciones de suministro de energía renovable, incluida la energía solar flotante, ofrecerían una transición energética para Ghana que está mucho más alineada con los objetivos de París. L'hydroélectricité est une source renouvelable de production d'électricité qui est une caractéristique commune des contributions déterminées au niveau national (CDN), en particulier dans les pays en développement. Cependant, loin d'être bénignes, les recherches montrent que des émissions importantes de gaz à effet de serre (GES) émanent de réservoirs peu profonds lorsqu'ils sont situés sous les tropiques. Le Ghana fournit une étude de cas pour explorer les implications des émissions des réservoirs hydroélectriques dans un futur système énergétique conforme aux objectifs climatiques de Paris. Étant un pays en développement rapide, le Ghana doit générer des quantités importantes d'électricité à faible émission de carbone pour répondre à la demande croissante au cours des 30 prochaines années. L'analyse des barrages ghanéens existants (Akosombo, Kpong et Bui) et du prochain barrage de Pwalugu suggère que leurs intensités moyennes d'émissions (gCO2/kWh) sont similaires à celles des centrales au charbon au cours des 30 premières années de leur vie opérationnelle. L'étude de cas démontre que les émissions cumulées de dioxyde de carbone (après 2020) provenant des ressources hydroélectriques prévues et identifiées consommeront 40 % du budget carbone conforme à Paris du Ghana, tout en fournissant un peu moins de 1 % de sa demande énergétique future (selon les scénarios conformes à Paris). L'analyse suggère que les nouvelles centrales hydroélectriques dans les tropiques peuvent réduire considérablement l'espace d'émission disponible pour d'autres secteurs tels que les transports et l'industrie face à un budget d'émissions très restreint. En conclusion, pour le Ghana en particulier, plutôt que de construire plus de barrages, l'efficacité énergétique et la diversification des options d'approvisionnement en énergie renouvelable, y compris l'énergie solaire flottante, offriraient une transition énergétique pour le Ghana qui est beaucoup plus étroitement alignée sur les objectifs de Paris. Hydropower is a renewable source of electricity generation that is a common feature of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), especially in developing countries. However, far from benign, research shows that significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions emanate from shallow reservoirs when they are sited in the tropics. Ghana provides a case study for exploring the implications of hydro reservoir emissions within a future energy system consistent with the Paris climate objectives. Being a fast-developing country, Ghana needs to generate significant amounts of low-carbon electricity to meet growing demand over the coming 30 years. Analysis of existing Ghanaian dams (Akosombo, Kpong and Bui) and the forthcoming Pwalugu dam suggests that their average emissions intensities (gCO2/kWh) are similar to those of coal-fired power stations during the first 30 years of their operating lifetime. The case study demonstrates that cumulative (post-2020) carbon dioxide emissions from the planned and identified hydro resources will consume 40 % of Ghana's Paris-compliant carbon budget, yet provide just under 1 % of its future energy demand (under Paris-compliant scenarios). The analysis suggests that new hydropower in the tropics can significantly reduce the emission space available for other sectors such as transport and industry when faced with a highly restricted emissions budget. In conclusion, for Ghana specifically, rather than constructing more dams, energy efficiency and diversifying renewable energy supply options, including floating solar power, would deliver an energy transition for Ghana that is much more closely aligned with the Paris goals. الطاقة الكهرومائية هي مصدر متجدد لتوليد الكهرباء وهي سمة مشتركة للمساهمات المحددة وطنيًا (NDC)، خاصة في البلدان النامية. ومع ذلك، بعيدًا عن كونها حميدة، تُظهر الأبحاث أن انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة الكبيرة تنبعث من الخزانات الضحلة عند وجودها في المناطق المدارية. تقدم غانا دراسة حالة لاستكشاف الآثار المترتبة على انبعاثات الخزانات المائية ضمن نظام طاقة مستقبلي يتوافق مع أهداف باريس المناخية. كونها دولة سريعة النمو، تحتاج غانا إلى توليد كميات كبيرة من الكهرباء منخفضة الكربون لتلبية الطلب المتزايد على مدى السنوات الثلاثين المقبلة. يشير تحليل السدود الغانية الحالية (أكوسومبو وكبونغ وبوي) وسد بوالوغو القادم إلى أن متوسط شدة انبعاثاتها (gCO2/kWh) يشبه تلك الخاصة بمحطات الطاقة التي تعمل بالفحم خلال الثلاثين عامًا الأولى من عمرها التشغيلي. توضح دراسة الحالة أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون التراكمية (بعد عام 2020) من الموارد المائية المخطط لها والمحددة ستستهلك 40 ٪ من ميزانية الكربون المتوافقة مع باريس في غانا، ولكنها توفر أقل بقليل من 1 ٪ من طلبها المستقبلي على الطاقة (في إطار سيناريوهات متوافقة مع باريس). يشير التحليل إلى أن الطاقة الكهرومائية الجديدة في المناطق المدارية يمكن أن تقلل بشكل كبير من مساحة الانبعاثات المتاحة لقطاعات أخرى مثل النقل والصناعة عندما تواجه ميزانية انبعاثات مقيدة للغاية. في الختام، بالنسبة لغانا على وجه التحديد، بدلاً من بناء المزيد من السدود، فإن كفاءة الطاقة وتنويع خيارات إمدادات الطاقة المتجددة، بما في ذلك الطاقة الشمسية العائمة، ستوفر انتقالًا للطاقة لغانا يتماشى بشكل أوثق مع أهداف باريس.

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    Energy for Sustainable Development
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ University of Bergen...arrow_drop_down
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      Energy for Sustainable Development
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Solomon H. Gebrechorkos; Ming Pan; Peirong Lin; Daniela Anghileri; +6 Authors

    Bassin de la Volta, Afrique de l'Ouest Les sécheresses hydrologiques ont un large éventail d'impacts sur les sociétés et les secteurs économiques tels que l'agriculture et la production d'énergie. L'analyse des sécheresses hydrologiques aide à mieux planifier et gérer les ressources en eau dans le cadre du changement mondial. Cette étude analyse la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de l'occurrence de la sécheresse hydrologique (durée et gravité) dans le bassin de la Volta entre 1979 et 2013. Nous avons utilisé les modèles de capacité d'infiltration variable et de routage vectoriel (RAPIDE) et les données de forçage à haute résolution pour simuler le débit du cours d'eau pour 10 300 tronçons de rivière. La durée et la gravité de la sécheresse montrent une grande variabilité spatiale et de grandes différences entre les trois décennies (1980, 1990 et 2000). Les sécheresses sont plus graves dans les grands bassins versants, car les débits sont généralement plus élevés. L'analyse des tendances montre une tendance générale à la baisse (jusqu'à 5% par événement) de la durée de la sécheresse dans le nord-est et une tendance à la hausse dans les parties sud du bassin. La gravité de la sécheresse montre une tendance à la hausse et à la baisse (jusqu'à ± 20 %) dans les parties sud et nord du bassin, respectivement. Le débit quotidien du cours d'eau a une corrélation maximale (jusqu'à 0,78) avec les précipitations en amont pour les 30 jours précédents avec un signal clair de propagation de la sécheresse météorologique à la sécheresse hydrologique avec un temps de latence moyen de deux semaines. Les résultats indiquent la nécessité d'envisager des mesures de gestion de la sécheresse spécifiques au site et adaptatives pour minimiser les impacts. Cuenca del río Volta, África Occidental Las sequías hidrológicas tienen una amplia gama de impactos en las sociedades y sectores económicos como la agricultura y la producción de energía. El análisis de las sequías hidrológicas ayuda a planificar y gestionar mejor los recursos hídricos bajo el cambio global. Este estudio analiza la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la ocurrencia de sequía hidrológica (duración y gravedad) en la cuenca del río Volta durante 1979–2013. Utilizamos la Capacidad de Infiltración Variable y los modelos de enrutamiento basados en vectores (RAPID) y los datos de forzamiento de alta resolución para simular el caudal de los ríos 10300. La duración y la gravedad de la sequía muestran una alta variabilidad espacial y grandes diferencias entre las tres décadas (1980, 1990 y 2000). Las sequías son más severas en las cuencas más grandes, ya que los flujos son generalmente más altos. El análisis de tendencias muestra una tendencia general decreciente (hasta un 5% por evento) en la duración de la sequía en el noreste y una tendencia creciente en las partes meridionales de la cuenca. La severidad de la sequía muestra una tendencia creciente y decreciente (hasta ± 20%) en la parte sur y norte de la cuenca, respectivamente. El caudal diario tiene una correlación máxima (hasta 0,78) con la precipitación aguas arriba durante los 30 días anteriores con una clara señal de propagación de la sequía meteorológica a la hidrológica con un tiempo de retardo promedio de dos semanas. Los resultados indican la necesidad de considerar medidas de gestión de la sequía adaptadas y específicas del sitio para minimizar los impactos. Volta River Basin, West Africa Hydrological droughts have a wide range of impacts on societies and economic sectors such as agriculture and energy production. Analysis of hydrological droughts helps better plan and manage water resources under global change. This study analyses the spatial and temporal variability of hydrological drought occurrence (duration and severity) in the Volta River basin during 1979–2013. We used the Variable Infiltration Capacity and vector-based routing (RAPID) models and high-resolution forcing data to simulate streamflow for 10300 river reaches. Drought duration and severity show high spatial variability and large differences between the three decades (1980 s, 1990 s and 2000 s). Droughts are more severe in larger catchments as the flows are generally higher. The trend analysis shows a general decreasing trend (up to 5% per event) in drought duration in the north-eastern and an increasing trend in southern parts of the basin. Drought severity shows an increasing and decreasing trend (up to ± 20%) in south and north part of the basin, respectively. Daily streamflow has a maximum correlation (up to 0.78) with upstream precipitation for the previous 30-days with a clear signal of propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought with an average lag-time of two weeks. The results indicate the need to consider site-specific and adaptive drought management measures to minimize the impacts. حوض نهر فولتا، غرب أفريقيا الجفاف الهيدرولوجي له مجموعة واسعة من الآثار على المجتمعات والقطاعات الاقتصادية مثل الزراعة وإنتاج الطاقة. يساعد تحليل الجفاف الهيدرولوجي على تخطيط وإدارة الموارد المائية بشكل أفضل في ظل التغير العالمي. تحلل هذه الدراسة التباين المكاني والزماني لحدوث الجفاف الهيدرولوجي (المدة والشدة) في حوض نهر فولتا خلال الفترة 1979–2013. استخدمنا سعة التسرب المتغيرة ونماذج التوجيه (السريع) القائمة على المتجهات وبيانات الإجبار عالية الدقة لمحاكاة تدفق التيار لممرات النهر 10300. تظهر مدة الجفاف وشدته تقلبات مكانية عالية واختلافات كبيرة بين العقود الثلاثة (1980 و 1990 و 2000). يكون الجفاف أكثر حدة في مستجمعات المياه الكبيرة حيث تكون التدفقات أعلى بشكل عام. يُظهر تحليل الاتجاه اتجاهًا تنازليًا عامًا (يصل إلى 5 ٪ لكل حدث) في مدة الجفاف في الشمال الشرقي واتجاهًا متزايدًا في الأجزاء الجنوبية من الحوض. تُظهر شدة الجفاف اتجاهًا متزايدًا ومتناقصًا (يصل إلى ± 20 ٪) في الجزء الجنوبي والشمالي من الحوض، على التوالي. التدفق اليومي له علاقة قصوى (تصل إلى 0.78) مع هطول الأمطار في المنبع خلال الثلاثين يومًا السابقة مع إشارة واضحة إلى الانتشار من الأرصاد الجوية إلى الجفاف الهيدرولوجي بمتوسط فترة تأخر تبلغ أسبوعين. تشير النتائج إلى الحاجة إلى النظر في تدابير إدارة الجفاف الخاصة بالموقع والتكيفية لتقليل الآثار.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ e-Prints Sotonarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ e-Prints Sotonarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/1d...
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Samuel Nii Odai; Dennis Trolle; Deborah Darko; Deborah Darko; +3 Authors

    Abstract Climatic changes influence the thermal and oxygen dynamics of a lake and thus its ecological functioning. The impacts of climatic changes on tropical lakes are so far poorly studied and the extent of the effects is therefore uncertain, most investigations describing only potential effects. In this study, we applied the one-dimensional lake ecosystem model GOTM-ERGOM to quantify the effects of climate change on thermal stratification, oxygen dynamics, and primary production in meso-oligotrophic Lake Volta. GOTM-ERGOM was calibrated and validated using two years of observed data. The validated model was used to evaluate a series of future climate change scenarios. The model simulations showed good agreement with observed water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a and indicated intensified stratification and reduced oxygen levels in the productive water layers of the lake. However, the longer-lasting stratification (prolonged stability) did not translate into permanent stratification. A relatively small (1 m) upward shift of thermocline depth resulted in an 8%–12% volume loss of the oxygen-rich upper mixed layer, which may be significant for the fisheries of the lake as it diminishes the size of suitable fish habitats. Light limitation of primary production renders the lake somewhat resilient to intensive algae blooms, as traceable in both the present and in the future climate scenarios. In the long term, the ongoing climate change may affect riparian communities that depend on the lake's fisheries for their livelihood. In consequence, future lake management strategies for implementation need to account for the impacts of future climate change.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao PURE Aarhus Universi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Great Lakes Research
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao PURE Aarhus Universi...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Great Lakes Research
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jaise Kuriakose; Kevin Anderson; Deborah Darko; Emmanuel Obuobie; +2 Authors

    La energía hidroeléctrica es una fuente renovable de generación de electricidad que es una característica común de las contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional (NDC), especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Sin embargo, lejos de ser benigno, la investigación muestra que las emisiones significativas de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) emanan de reservorios poco profundos cuando se encuentran en los trópicos. Ghana proporciona un estudio de caso para explorar las implicaciones de las emisiones de los yacimientos hidroeléctricos dentro de un sistema energético futuro consistente con los objetivos climáticos de París. Al ser un país de rápido desarrollo, Ghana necesita generar cantidades significativas de electricidad baja en carbono para satisfacer la creciente demanda en los próximos 30 años. El análisis de las presas ghanesas existentes (Akosombo, Kpong y Bui) y la próxima presa de Pwalugu sugiere que sus intensidades medias de emisión (gCO2/kWh) son similares a las de las centrales eléctricas de carbón durante los primeros 30 años de su vida útil. El estudio de caso demuestra que las emisiones acumuladas (posteriores a 2020) de dióxido de carbono de los recursos hidroeléctricos planificados e identificados consumirán el 40 % del presupuesto de carbono de Ghana que cumple con los requisitos de París, pero proporcionarán poco menos del 1 % de su demanda futura de energía (en escenarios que cumplen con los requisitos de París). El análisis sugiere que la nueva energía hidroeléctrica en los trópicos puede reducir significativamente el espacio de emisiones disponible para otros sectores, como el transporte y la industria, cuando se enfrenta a un presupuesto de emisiones muy restringido. En conclusión, para Ghana específicamente, en lugar de construir más represas, la eficiencia energética y la diversificación de las opciones de suministro de energía renovable, incluida la energía solar flotante, ofrecerían una transición energética para Ghana que está mucho más alineada con los objetivos de París. L'hydroélectricité est une source renouvelable de production d'électricité qui est une caractéristique commune des contributions déterminées au niveau national (CDN), en particulier dans les pays en développement. Cependant, loin d'être bénignes, les recherches montrent que des émissions importantes de gaz à effet de serre (GES) émanent de réservoirs peu profonds lorsqu'ils sont situés sous les tropiques. Le Ghana fournit une étude de cas pour explorer les implications des émissions des réservoirs hydroélectriques dans un futur système énergétique conforme aux objectifs climatiques de Paris. Étant un pays en développement rapide, le Ghana doit générer des quantités importantes d'électricité à faible émission de carbone pour répondre à la demande croissante au cours des 30 prochaines années. L'analyse des barrages ghanéens existants (Akosombo, Kpong et Bui) et du prochain barrage de Pwalugu suggère que leurs intensités moyennes d'émissions (gCO2/kWh) sont similaires à celles des centrales au charbon au cours des 30 premières années de leur vie opérationnelle. L'étude de cas démontre que les émissions cumulées de dioxyde de carbone (après 2020) provenant des ressources hydroélectriques prévues et identifiées consommeront 40 % du budget carbone conforme à Paris du Ghana, tout en fournissant un peu moins de 1 % de sa demande énergétique future (selon les scénarios conformes à Paris). L'analyse suggère que les nouvelles centrales hydroélectriques dans les tropiques peuvent réduire considérablement l'espace d'émission disponible pour d'autres secteurs tels que les transports et l'industrie face à un budget d'émissions très restreint. En conclusion, pour le Ghana en particulier, plutôt que de construire plus de barrages, l'efficacité énergétique et la diversification des options d'approvisionnement en énergie renouvelable, y compris l'énergie solaire flottante, offriraient une transition énergétique pour le Ghana qui est beaucoup plus étroitement alignée sur les objectifs de Paris. Hydropower is a renewable source of electricity generation that is a common feature of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), especially in developing countries. However, far from benign, research shows that significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions emanate from shallow reservoirs when they are sited in the tropics. Ghana provides a case study for exploring the implications of hydro reservoir emissions within a future energy system consistent with the Paris climate objectives. Being a fast-developing country, Ghana needs to generate significant amounts of low-carbon electricity to meet growing demand over the coming 30 years. Analysis of existing Ghanaian dams (Akosombo, Kpong and Bui) and the forthcoming Pwalugu dam suggests that their average emissions intensities (gCO2/kWh) are similar to those of coal-fired power stations during the first 30 years of their operating lifetime. The case study demonstrates that cumulative (post-2020) carbon dioxide emissions from the planned and identified hydro resources will consume 40 % of Ghana's Paris-compliant carbon budget, yet provide just under 1 % of its future energy demand (under Paris-compliant scenarios). The analysis suggests that new hydropower in the tropics can significantly reduce the emission space available for other sectors such as transport and industry when faced with a highly restricted emissions budget. In conclusion, for Ghana specifically, rather than constructing more dams, energy efficiency and diversifying renewable energy supply options, including floating solar power, would deliver an energy transition for Ghana that is much more closely aligned with the Paris goals. الطاقة الكهرومائية هي مصدر متجدد لتوليد الكهرباء وهي سمة مشتركة للمساهمات المحددة وطنيًا (NDC)، خاصة في البلدان النامية. ومع ذلك، بعيدًا عن كونها حميدة، تُظهر الأبحاث أن انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة الكبيرة تنبعث من الخزانات الضحلة عند وجودها في المناطق المدارية. تقدم غانا دراسة حالة لاستكشاف الآثار المترتبة على انبعاثات الخزانات المائية ضمن نظام طاقة مستقبلي يتوافق مع أهداف باريس المناخية. كونها دولة سريعة النمو، تحتاج غانا إلى توليد كميات كبيرة من الكهرباء منخفضة الكربون لتلبية الطلب المتزايد على مدى السنوات الثلاثين المقبلة. يشير تحليل السدود الغانية الحالية (أكوسومبو وكبونغ وبوي) وسد بوالوغو القادم إلى أن متوسط شدة انبعاثاتها (gCO2/kWh) يشبه تلك الخاصة بمحطات الطاقة التي تعمل بالفحم خلال الثلاثين عامًا الأولى من عمرها التشغيلي. توضح دراسة الحالة أن انبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون التراكمية (بعد عام 2020) من الموارد المائية المخطط لها والمحددة ستستهلك 40 ٪ من ميزانية الكربون المتوافقة مع باريس في غانا، ولكنها توفر أقل بقليل من 1 ٪ من طلبها المستقبلي على الطاقة (في إطار سيناريوهات متوافقة مع باريس). يشير التحليل إلى أن الطاقة الكهرومائية الجديدة في المناطق المدارية يمكن أن تقلل بشكل كبير من مساحة الانبعاثات المتاحة لقطاعات أخرى مثل النقل والصناعة عندما تواجه ميزانية انبعاثات مقيدة للغاية. في الختام، بالنسبة لغانا على وجه التحديد، بدلاً من بناء المزيد من السدود، فإن كفاءة الطاقة وتنويع خيارات إمدادات الطاقة المتجددة، بما في ذلك الطاقة الشمسية العائمة، ستوفر انتقالًا للطاقة لغانا يتماشى بشكل أوثق مع أهداف باريس.

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