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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2024Embargo end date: 20 Aug 2024 Austria, United Kingdom, BelgiumPublisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:EC | CONSTRAIN, EC | ESM2025EC| CONSTRAIN ,EC| ESM2025Johannes Quaas; Timothy Andrews; Nicolas Bellouin; Karoline Block; Olivier Boucher; Paulo Ceppi; Guy Dagan; Sabine Doktorowski; Hannah Marie Eichholz; Piers Forster; Tom Goren; Edward Gryspeerdt; Øivind Hodnebrog; Hailing Jia; Ryan Kramer; Charlotte Lange; Amanda C. Maycock; Johannes Mülmenstädt; Gunnar Myhre; Fiona M. O’Connor; Robert Pincus; Bjørn Hallvard Samset; Fabian Senf; Keith P. Shine; Chris Smith; Camilla Weum Stjern; Toshihiko Takemura; Velle Toll; Casey J. Wall;AbstractSince the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR5) an extended concept of the energetic analysis of climate change including forcings, feedbacks and adjustment processes has become widely adopted. Adjustments are defined as processes that occur in response to the introduction of a climate forcing agent, but that are independent of global‐mean surface temperature changes. Most considered are the adjustments that impact the Earth energy budget and strengthen or weaken the instantaneous radiative forcing due to the forcing agent. Some adjustment mechanisms also impact other aspects of climate not related to the Earth radiation budget. Since AR5 and a following description by Sherwood et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams‐d‐13‐00167.1), much research on adjustments has been performed and is reviewed here. We classify the adjustment mechanisms into six main categories, and discuss methods of quantifying these adjustments in terms of their potentials, shortcomings and practicality. We furthermore describe aspects of adjustments that act beyond the energetic framework, and we propose new ideas to observe adjustments or to make use of observations to constrain their representation in models. Altogether, the problem of adjustments is now on a robust scientific footing, and better quantification and observational constraint is possible. This allows for improvements in understanding and quantifying climate change.
IIASA DARE arrow_drop_down Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/115466Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2024Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023av001144&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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more_vert IIASA DARE arrow_drop_down Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/115466Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2024Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023av001144&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2013Publisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:EC | EUCLIPSEEC| EUCLIPSEJürgen Bader; Sebastian Rast; Thorsten Mauritsen; Traute Crueger; Bjorn Stevens; Karoline Block; Marc Salzmann; Marc Salzmann; Irina Fast; Ulrike Lohmann; Hauke Schmidt; Monika Esch; Renate Brokopf; Robert Pincus; Erich Roeckner; Stefan Kinne; Thomas Reichler; Marco Giorgetta; Luis Kornblueh;doi: 10.1002/jame.20015
ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of shortwave radiative transfer, the height of the model top. Minor changes have been made to model tuning and convective triggering. Several model configurations, differing in horizontal and vertical resolution, are compared. As horizontal resolution is increased beyond T63, the simulated climate improves but changes are incremental; major biases appear to be limited by the parameterization of small‐scale physical processes, such as clouds and convection. Higher vertical resolution in the middle atmosphere leads to a systematic reduction in temperature biases in the upper troposphere, and a better representation of the middle atmosphere and its modes of variability. ECHAM6 represents the present climate as well as, or better than, its predecessor. The most marked improvements are evident in the circulation of the extratropics. ECHAM6 continues to have a good representation of tropical variability. A number of biases, however, remain. These include a poor representation of low‐level clouds, systematic shifts in major precipitation features, biases in the partitioning of precipitation between land and sea (particularly in the tropics), and midlatitude jets that appear to be insufficiently poleward. The response of ECHAM6 to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is similar to that of ECHAM5. The equilibrium climate sensitivity of the mixed‐resolution (T63L95) configuration is between 2.9 and 3.4 K and is somewhat larger for the 47 level model. Cloud feedbacks and adjustments contribute positively to warming from increasing greenhouse gases.
Journal of Advances ... arrow_drop_down Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: CrossrefJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013Data sources: SESAM Publication Database - FP7 ENVhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jame...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/jame.20015&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 1K citations 1,084 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Advances ... arrow_drop_down Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: CrossrefJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013Data sources: SESAM Publication Database - FP7 ENVhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jame...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/jame.20015&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2024Embargo end date: 20 Aug 2024 Austria, United Kingdom, BelgiumPublisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:EC | CONSTRAIN, EC | ESM2025EC| CONSTRAIN ,EC| ESM2025Johannes Quaas; Timothy Andrews; Nicolas Bellouin; Karoline Block; Olivier Boucher; Paulo Ceppi; Guy Dagan; Sabine Doktorowski; Hannah Marie Eichholz; Piers Forster; Tom Goren; Edward Gryspeerdt; Øivind Hodnebrog; Hailing Jia; Ryan Kramer; Charlotte Lange; Amanda C. Maycock; Johannes Mülmenstädt; Gunnar Myhre; Fiona M. O’Connor; Robert Pincus; Bjørn Hallvard Samset; Fabian Senf; Keith P. Shine; Chris Smith; Camilla Weum Stjern; Toshihiko Takemura; Velle Toll; Casey J. Wall;AbstractSince the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR5) an extended concept of the energetic analysis of climate change including forcings, feedbacks and adjustment processes has become widely adopted. Adjustments are defined as processes that occur in response to the introduction of a climate forcing agent, but that are independent of global‐mean surface temperature changes. Most considered are the adjustments that impact the Earth energy budget and strengthen or weaken the instantaneous radiative forcing due to the forcing agent. Some adjustment mechanisms also impact other aspects of climate not related to the Earth radiation budget. Since AR5 and a following description by Sherwood et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams‐d‐13‐00167.1), much research on adjustments has been performed and is reviewed here. We classify the adjustment mechanisms into six main categories, and discuss methods of quantifying these adjustments in terms of their potentials, shortcomings and practicality. We furthermore describe aspects of adjustments that act beyond the energetic framework, and we propose new ideas to observe adjustments or to make use of observations to constrain their representation in models. Altogether, the problem of adjustments is now on a robust scientific footing, and better quantification and observational constraint is possible. This allows for improvements in understanding and quantifying climate change.
IIASA DARE arrow_drop_down Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/115466Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2024Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023av001144&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert IIASA DARE arrow_drop_down Imperial College London: SpiralArticle . 2024License: CC BYFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/115466Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2024Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1029/2023av001144&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2013Publisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU) Funded by:EC | EUCLIPSEEC| EUCLIPSEJürgen Bader; Sebastian Rast; Thorsten Mauritsen; Traute Crueger; Bjorn Stevens; Karoline Block; Marc Salzmann; Marc Salzmann; Irina Fast; Ulrike Lohmann; Hauke Schmidt; Monika Esch; Renate Brokopf; Robert Pincus; Erich Roeckner; Stefan Kinne; Thomas Reichler; Marco Giorgetta; Luis Kornblueh;doi: 10.1002/jame.20015
ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of shortwave radiative transfer, the height of the model top. Minor changes have been made to model tuning and convective triggering. Several model configurations, differing in horizontal and vertical resolution, are compared. As horizontal resolution is increased beyond T63, the simulated climate improves but changes are incremental; major biases appear to be limited by the parameterization of small‐scale physical processes, such as clouds and convection. Higher vertical resolution in the middle atmosphere leads to a systematic reduction in temperature biases in the upper troposphere, and a better representation of the middle atmosphere and its modes of variability. ECHAM6 represents the present climate as well as, or better than, its predecessor. The most marked improvements are evident in the circulation of the extratropics. ECHAM6 continues to have a good representation of tropical variability. A number of biases, however, remain. These include a poor representation of low‐level clouds, systematic shifts in major precipitation features, biases in the partitioning of precipitation between land and sea (particularly in the tropics), and midlatitude jets that appear to be insufficiently poleward. The response of ECHAM6 to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases is similar to that of ECHAM5. The equilibrium climate sensitivity of the mixed‐resolution (T63L95) configuration is between 2.9 and 3.4 K and is somewhat larger for the 47 level model. Cloud feedbacks and adjustments contribute positively to warming from increasing greenhouse gases.
Journal of Advances ... arrow_drop_down Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: CrossrefJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013Data sources: SESAM Publication Database - FP7 ENVhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jame...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/jame.20015&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 1K citations 1,084 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Journal of Advances ... arrow_drop_down Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: CrossrefJournal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsArticle . 2013Data sources: SESAM Publication Database - FP7 ENVhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jame...Other literature typeData sources: European Union Open Data Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/jame.20015&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu