• Energy Research

Operational constraints cause an increase in complexity, operating cost, and environmental and socioeconomic impact on electrical systems; operational constraints can be due to power flow, voltage, or frequency deviations. These restrictions force the grid operator to perform unplanned actions. This article identifies the various Alternating Current Flexible Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices with their characteristics, attributes, and implementation methods to lessen operating constraints on isolated and relatively small transmission systems with frequent power flow limit violations and voltage deviations. The case study is carried out in the National Interconnected Electric System (SENI) of the Dominican Republic, where the Fast Stability Voltage Index is used as an indicator to see the impact of the implementation of FACT to mitigate the operational restrictions of the electric system. Simulations are performed in the PowerFactory DIgSILENT software to obtain the results when modeling the interconnected FACTS devices on the transmission lines. The use of FACTS reduces the loadability of transmission lines, which is an essential factor in the emergence of power flow control and voltage constraints in isolated power systems.

The energy transition has shown that fossil generation can be complemented with renewable energy and other resources capable of providing flexibility to the energy system’s operation, in compliance with the wholesale electricity market’s rules. This paper proposes a market-based methodology for introducing flexible demand in the energy dispatch, optimizing the scheduling of electricity system operation in the short-term, and considers the challenge of implementing an incentive scheme for participants in demand-response programs. The scheme includes the criteria of the elasticity of substitution and a renewable energy quota. This methodology is focused on a strategic demand shift to minimize the cost of supply; increase the dispatch of renewable energy; control CO2 emissions; and satisfy the generation, demand, and transmission operating constraints. These conditions encourage the development of a simulation tool that allows a sensitivity analysis to aid decision-making by operators and agents. The proposed methodology optimizes the operational cost of generation supply and specific performance indicators to determine the percentages of demand shift, the amount of CO2 emissions, the ratio of unserved power, the demand benefits obtained from an incentive scheme, and the natural market behavior.

This review examines the use of residual biomass as a renewable resource for energy generation in the Dominican Republic. The odology includes a thorough examination of scientific publications in recent years about logistics operations. The use of mathematical models can be beneficial for the selection of areas with a high number of residual biomass and processing centers; for the design of feedstock allocation; for the planning and selection of the mode of transport; and for the optimization of the supply chain, logistics, cost estimation, availability of resources, energy efficiency, economic performance, and environmental impact assessment. It is also essential to consider the exhaustive analysis of the most viable technological solutions among the conversion processes, in order to guarantee the minimum emissions of polluting or greenhouse gases. In addition, this document provides a critical review of the most relevant challenges that are currently facing logistics linked to the assessment of biomass in the Dominican Republic, with a straightforward approach to the complementarity and integration of non-manageable renewable energy sources.

A smart microgrid is a bidirectional electricity generation system—a type of system that is becoming more prevalent in energy production at the distribution level. Usually, these systems have intermittent renewable energy sources, e.g., solar and wind energy. These low voltage networks contribute to decongestion through the efficient use of resources within the microgrid. In this investigation, an energy management strategy and a control scheme for DG units are proposed for DC/AC microgrids. The objective is to implement these strategies in an experimental microgrid that will be developed on the INTEC university campus. After presenting the microgrid topology, the modeling and control of each subsystem and their respective converters are described. All possible operation scenarios, such as islanded or interconnected microgrids, different generation-load possibilities, and state-of-charge conditions of the battery, are verified, and a seamless transition between different operation modes is ensured. The simulation results in Matlab Simulink show how the proposed control system allows transitions between the different scenarios without severe transients in the power transfer between the microgrid and the low voltage network elements.

Open data set to create the model of the energy system of the Dominican Republic to model scenarios and develop strategies to achieve the energy transition in the land transport sector. The compressed folder "DOMRETS_1_BAU_01" contains the model; this compressed folder can be loaded directly to the OSEMOSYS UI interface version 4.2. to execute and modify the energy model directly. The second file in the repository is an Excel workbook called "Modelling Dominican Republic. Data."

Microgrids have a lot to offer, including helping smart grids operate on distribution grids or bringing electricity to some cities. The management system receives and transmits different states. This is because the elements adapt to the conditions of the network in the shortest possible time. The 5G communication technology has high transmission speed, owing to which it can improve equipment connectivity and reduce latency, allowing the real-time analysis and monitoring of electrical microgrids considerably better than earlier generations. In addition, it is estimated that, in the near future, many cities will be connected using communication systems that allow the interconnection of different systems safeguarding the connectivity, speed, and response time of these elements in an electrical system, smart grid, or microgrids with the growing development of the Internet of Things. For this reason, it is essential to analyze the integration of 5G technology to improve the management of microgrids. This literature review analyzes and presents the advantages of using 5G technologies in reducing communication latency and improving connectivity to enhance microgrids’ control and management. The active implementation of 5G in the management and control of microgrids increases the transmission and reception of data and states, reduces latency, and allows for a greater density of information, collaborating positively with resilience to the various changes that microgrids can suffer in continuous working conditions. The implementation of 5G allows electrical microgrids to be more resilient in their management and control, directly and indirectly impacting the sustainable development goals.

Abstract The electricity sector has recently begun to undergo a series of changes to improve the generation, transmission, and energy distribution. New technologies have been testing focused on reducing fossil fuels and implementing new tools to create a more efficient energy sector. Blockchain has emerged as one of the most promising tools due to its wide range of utilities, primarily supporting renewable energy, electric mobility, purchase, and energy sale. This technology has been revolutionary, contributing to the significant renewal of the electricity market model. In electricity markets that are not very mature, you can find some centralized activities and competition—creating a commercial monopoly in centralized activities in favor of a specific group. This article aims to analyze the shortcomings of previous research on blockchain in the electricity sector and, through a case study, propose an approach for applying blockchain in centralized electricity markets. Blockchain technology has valuable points, including the excellent security in the transactions carried out in the purchase and sale of energy through a peer-to-peer network stimulating the creation of a decentralized energy trading system.