• Energy Research

The review of cold rolling mills used for the production of tinplate and thin tinplate in the world is presented. World tinplate production is characterized by the desire to reduce the thickness of its steel base. In connection with the variety of tinplate rolling mills, peculiarities of the deformation conditions of thin tinplate, complexity of the technological process and theoretical prediction of the rolling process indices, especially in terms of the theoretical model universality, as well as paucity of existing practical data, the necessity of experimental research is substantiated. Experimental research methodology of energy and force modes for tinplate and thin tinplate rolling for different cold rolling mills: five-, six- and seven-stand, was developed. Deformation modes have been developed that allow simulating the process of continuous cold rolling of tinplate with a thickness of 0.16 mm and 0.28 mm in five-, six- and sevenstand mills, respectively. The technical characteristics of industriallaboratory equipment involved in experimental research are presented. The results of the chemical composition and mechanical properties investigation of the initial blank are presented. Experimental research of energy and force modes for tinplate rolling at different parameters of cold rolling mills using the developed methodology will determine their optimal combination, as well as justify the choice of rolling equipment in terms of energy efficiency of the rolling process and the quality of the strip.

The paper improves the calculation methodology of metal temperature loss during hot rolling process at continuous mills. The proposed methodology can be implemented at hot strip mills with various in-line equipment arrangements within the temperature ranges appropriate for processes simulation of hot rolling, normalized rolling and Thermo-Mechanical Control Process of carbon and microalloyed steels. It provides engineering analysis of unaccounted temperature losses of feed by means of radiation and convection, which, in the first time, through the time factor, additionally accounts for strip motion speed factors, roller table length and feed length, and also length of rolls contact arc with metal. The accountability of the above mentioned factors in the various compositions depending on the rolling method increases the engineering simulation accuracy, ensures the versatility of the elaborated method with respect to different types of mills and makes the scientific novelty of the study. The equations were developed to calculate the metal temperature loss while coiling at the CoilBox unit. The equations accounts for the influence on the temperature of strip length, coiling and uncoiling speed, strip thickness, inside radius of the reeling coil, the time the feed rests being coiled. The improved model was verified based on actual data. 

The prospects and novelty of using the expression of Lame's superellipse for approximating the curvature of shells in superplastic forming (SPF) and for predicting the geometry of a product are shown. Different versions of the SPF facilitate the realization of different radii of curvature of the shell contours, which differ significantly from the radius of the spherical segment. The regularities of the change in the radius of conjugation of the bottom and the wall of the spherical shell for various SPF variants are established.

The conditions of operation of reversible cold rolling mills from the point of view of the characteristics of the power load on electric motors are considered in the paper. The necessity of ensuring the reliability and stability of the modes of electrical, control and automation equipment is provided to achieve the high quality and absence of folder defects in thin cold rolled strips. The necessity of rolling with special emulsions has been substantiated. The research of operation of the electric motor of a reverse cold rolling mill and two coilers while rolling by plant modes using "Universal-TS" and "ColdRoller" emulsions was performed. Favorable softening of the rolling conditions from the point of view of the detected amperages in the electric motors of the rolling mill has been established.

Modern methods of estimation of working conditions at the metallurgical enterprise are considered on the occupational safety due to European standards. The main approaches are identified in determination of hazards at work, assessing of technological risks and injuries as an example for one of the Iron and Steel Works,Mariupol,Ukraine. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of the introduction of international methods in the field of health safety, assess the effectiveness of the safety management system at an industrial enterprise. The analysis of the process of implementing European standards in the field of the health safety at industrial enterprises is a prerequisite for their further successful application, reducing the level of injuries. The procedures for drawing up the matrix of risk assessment (HAZID method), assessment of working capacity of technological processes (HAZOP method), and safety assessment of works (ISA method) are considered. The analysis of the efficiency of measures to increase of health safety in the energy (gas) sector at the enterprise was carried out. A graph of the dynamics of the decline in industrial injuries in five years is shown. The main statistical indicators that are used to account for industrial injuries at an industrial enterprise are given.