• Energy Research

Integrating cloud computing with wireless sensor networks creates a sensor cloud (WSN). Some real‐time applications, such as agricultural irrigation control systems, use a sensor cloud. The sensor battery life in sensor clouds is constrained. The data center’s computers consume a lot of energy to offer storage in the cloud. The emerging sensor cloud technology‐enabled virtualization. Using a virtual environment has many advantages. However, different resource requirements and task execution cause substantial performance and parameter optimization issues in cloud computing. In this study, we proposed the hybrid electro search with ant colony optimization (HES‐ACO) technique to enhance the behavior of task scheduling, for those considering parameters such as total execution time, cost of the execution, makespan time, the cloud data center energy consumption like throughput, response time, resource utilization task rejection ratio, and deadline constraint of the multicloud. Electro search and the ant colony optimization algorithm are combined in the proposed method. Compared to HESGA, HPSOGA, AC‐PSO, and PSO‐COGENT algorithms, the created HES‐ACO algorithm was simulated at CloudSim and found to optimize all parameters.

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (ZR) is used traditionally to manage a variety of ailments, including diabetes. Oxidative stress may accelerate the diabetic condition. The available antidiabetic and antioxidant drugs have many shortcomings including resistance, inefficiency, higher dose, side effects and costs. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa root bark (ZRRB) through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. The antioxidant capacity of the ZRRB extract was measured using both the DPPH radical assay and the total antioxidant activity test. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model were also used to examine in vivo antidiabetic efficacy. Phytochemicals identification was done by GCMS analysis. Additionally, computational methods such as molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling were performed to determine the above pharmacological effects. The extract demonstrated significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 42.65 μg/mL). In the OGTT test and alloxan-induced diabetes mice model, the extract effectively lowered blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in vitro inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase studies demonstrated the ZRRB extract as a good antidiabetic crude drug (IC50 = 81.45 μg/mL). GCMS investigation confirmed that the crude extract contains 16 major phytoconstituents, which were docked with human peroxiredoxin-5, α-amylase, and sulfonylurea receptor 1. Docking and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that among 16 phytoconstituents, 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de] [1,5]naphthyridin-6-one (CID: 97176) showed the highest binding affinity to targeted enzymes, and imitated Lipinski’s rule of five. Furthermore, MD simulation data confirmed that the aforementioned compound is very steady to the binding site of α-amylase and sulfonylurea receptor 1 receptors. Findings from in vitro, in vivo and in silico investigation suggest that ZRRB extract contains a lead compound that could be a potent source of antidiabetic drug candidate.

Implementing texturization process on the monocrystalline silicon substrate reduces reflection and enhances light absorption of the substrate. Thus texturization is one of the key elements to increase the efficiency of solar cell. Considering as-cut monocrystalline silicon wafer as base substrate, in this work different concentrations of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 solution, KOH–IPA (isopropyl alcohol) solution and tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution with different time intervals have been investigated for texturization process. Furthermore, saw damage removal process was conducted with 10% NaOH solution, 20 wt% KOH–13.33 wt% IPA solution and HF/nitric/acetic acid solution. The surface morphology of saw damage, saw damage removed surface and textured wafer were observed using optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Texturization causes pyramidal micro structures on the surface of (100) oriented monocrystalline silicon wafer. The height of the pyramid on the silicon surface varies from 1.5 to 3.2 µm and the inclined planes of the pyramids are acute angle. Contact angle value indicates that the textured wafer’s surface fall in between near-hydrophobic to hydrophobic range. With respect to base material absolute reflectance 1.049–0.75% within 250–800 nm wavelength region, 0.1–0.026% has been achieved within the same wavelength region when textured with 0.76 wt% KOH–4 wt% IPA solution for 20 min. Furthermore, an alternative route of using 1 wt% Na2CO3–0.2 wt% NaHCO3 solution for 50 min has been exploited in the texturization process.

En este trabajo, se ha investigado el impacto de seis capas diferentes de recubrimiento antirreflectante (ARC) utilizando el software de simulación PC1D. La simulación muestra que el rango de 500–700 nm sería adecuado para diseñar un ARCO. Diseñando un ARCO de nitruro de silicio de una sola capa (Si3N4) para una longitud de onda de 600 nm y con un espesor de 74.257 nm, se ha simulado una célula solar de silicio con una eficiencia del 20.35%. Le sigue muy de cerca una célula solar de silicio con una eficiencia del 20,34% con una capa de ARCO de óxido de zinc (ZnO) de 74,87 nm de espesor. Se ha observado un aumento significativo en la eficiencia al aplicar ARC con respecto a no aplicar ningún tipo de ARC. Después de un modelado eficiente de las células solares, se está logrando una eficiencia óptima del 20,67% mediante el uso de la pasivación superficial de SiO2 y la capa de ARCO de Si3N4. Los efectos sobre la tensión, la corriente, la eficiencia fotovoltaica, la reflectividad y la eficiencia cuántica externa debidos a los ARC también están representados en este trabajo. Dans ce travail, l'impact de six couches différentes de revêtement antireflet (ARC) a été étudié à l'aide du logiciel de simulation PC1D. La simulation montre que la plage de 500–700 nm serait appropriée pour concevoir un ARC. En concevant un ARC de nitrure de silicium monocouche (Si3N4) pour une longueur d'onde de 600 nm et une épaisseur de 74,257 nm, une cellule solaire en silicium avec une efficacité de 20,35% a été simulée. Très étroitement suivie par une cellule solaire en silicium à 20,34 % d'efficacité avec une couche d'ARC en oxyde de zinc (ZnO) de 74,87 nm d'épaisseur. Une augmentation significative de l'efficacité a été observée en appliquant L'ARC par rapport à l'absence d'application de tout type d'ARC. Après une modélisation efficace des cellules solaires, une efficacité optimale de 20,67 % est obtenue en utilisant la passivation de surface SiO2 et la couche D'ARC Si3N4. Les effets sur la tension, le courant, l'efficacité photovoltaïque, la réflectivité et l'efficacité quantique externe dus aux ARC sont également représentés dans ce travail. In this work, the impact of six different anti-reflection coating (ARC) layers has been investigated using PC1D simulation software. Simulation shows that the range of 500–700 nm would be suitable for designing an ARC. Designing a single-layer silicon nitride (Si3N4) ARC for 600 nm wavelength and with a thickness of 74.257 nm, a silicon solar cell with 20.35% efficiency has been simulated. Very closely followed by a 20.34% efficient silicon solar cell with 74.87 nm thick zinc oxide (ZnO) ARC layer. Significant increase in efficiency has been observed by applying ARC in respect to not applying any kind of ARC. After efficient solar cell modeling, optimum efficiency of 20.67% is being achieved by using SiO2 surface passivation and Si3N4 ARC layer. The effects on voltage, current, photovoltaic efficiency, reflectivity and external quantum efficiency due to ARCs are also represented in this work. في هذا العمل، تم التحقيق في تأثير ست طبقات مختلفة من الطلاء المضاد للانعكاس (ARC) باستخدام برنامج محاكاة PC1D. تظهر المحاكاة أن النطاق من 500–700 نانومتر سيكون مناسبًا لتصميم القوس. تصميم قوس نيتريد السيليكون أحادي الطبقة (Si3N4) بطول موجي 600 نانومتر وبسمك 74.257 نانومتر، تمت محاكاة خلية شمسية من السيليكون بكفاءة 20.35 ٪. تليها عن كثب خلية شمسية من السيليكون فعالة بنسبة 20.34 ٪ مع طبقة قوسية من أكسيد الزنك بسماكة 74.87 نانومتر (ZnO). لوحظت زيادة كبيرة في الكفاءة من خلال تطبيق القوس فيما يتعلق بعدم تطبيق أي نوع من القوس. بعد نمذجة الخلايا الشمسية بكفاءة، يتم تحقيق الكفاءة المثلى بنسبة 20.67 ٪ باستخدام تخميل سطح SiO2 وطبقة Si3N4 القوسية. يتم تمثيل التأثيرات على الجهد والتيار والكفاءة الكهروضوئية والانعكاسية والكفاءة الكمية الخارجية بسبب ARCs أيضًا في هذا العمل.

Abstract Access to electricity in rural areas of the developing parts of the world is yet to reach a minimum satisfactory level. Bangladesh is no different, and hence widespread dissemination of solar home system (SHS) is a suitable vehicle to ensure greater access to electricity in remote rural areas of the country. A substantial portion of four million installed SHSs in Bangladesh has availed microcredit provided by various microfinance institutions. However, what determines the users' preference towards microcredit in installing SHS on the rooftop is yet to be answered. This research aims at analyzing the determinants of microfinance for installing SHS in rural Bangladesh. This research employed binary logistic regression to analyze the factors that affect selection of different mode of purchase: upfront payment or installment purchase. It identified a set of independent variables based on existing literature in order to investigate their influence on households’ choice between cash payment and installment purchase. The research found that more than 63% of the rural households in the study areas used SHS financed through microcredit. Level of education, location, family size and occupation affects choice of purchase mode. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, location and size of SHS affect the likelihoods of choosing upfront payment or installment purchase.