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Le secteur industriel a une responsabilité importante dans l'épuisement des combustibles fossiles et l'émission de dioxyde de carbone. Ainsi, plusieurs initiatives ont été mises en œuvre par le secteur industriel pour atténuer ces problèmes. Une initiative correspond à la mise en œuvre de stratégies d'efficacité énergétique. En particulier, l'industrie alimentaire est fortement dépendante des combustibles fossiles et la demande alimentaire devrait augmenter considérablement dans les années à venir. Par conséquent, l'élaboration de stratégies d'efficacité énergétique pour ce secteur industriel particulier est cruciale. Cet article examine les différentes opportunités d'efficacité énergétique dans l'industrie alimentaire. Il donne d'abord un bref aperçu des différentes industries alimentaires et de la consommation d'énergie associée. Ensuite, les différentes options d'efficacité énergétique dans le secteur thermique et électrique sont discutées. De nouvelles tendances et opportunités, découlant de l'industrie 4.0 et de la participation active de la demande, sont également présentées. El sector industrial tiene una importante responsabilidad en el agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles y la emisión de dióxido de carbono. Por lo tanto, el sector industrial ha implementado varias iniciativas para mitigar esos problemas. Una iniciativa corresponde a la implementación de estrategias de eficiencia energética. En particular, la industria alimentaria depende en gran medida de los combustibles fósiles, y se espera que la demanda de alimentos crezca significativamente en los próximos años. Por lo tanto, desarrollar estrategias de eficiencia energética para este sector industrial en particular es crucial. Este trabajo investiga las diferentes oportunidades de eficiencia energética en la industria alimentaria. En primer lugar, proporciona una breve descripción de las diversas industrias alimentarias y el consumo de energía relacionado. A continuación, se discuten las diferentes opciones de eficiencia energética en el sector térmico y eléctrico. También se presentan nuevas tendencias y oportunidades, derivadas de la industria 4.0 y la respuesta a la demanda. The industry sector has a significant responsibility for the depletion of fossil fuels and emission of carbon dioxide. Thus, several initiatives have been implemented by the industry sector to mitigate those issues. One initiative corresponds to the implementation of energy efficiency strategies. In particular, the food industry is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, and the food demand is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. Therefore, developing energy efficiency strategies for this particular industrial sector is crucial. This paper investigates the different opportunities for energy efficiency in the food industry. It first provides a brief overview of the various food industries and related energy consumption. Then, the different options for energy efficiency in the thermal and electric sector are discussed. New trends and opportunities, arising from industry 4.0 and demand response, are also presented. يتحمل قطاع الصناعة مسؤولية كبيرة عن استنفاد الوقود الأحفوري وانبعاثات ثاني أكسيد الكربون. وبالتالي، تم تنفيذ العديد من المبادرات من قبل قطاع الصناعة للتخفيف من هذه القضايا. وتتعلق إحدى المبادرات بتنفيذ استراتيجيات كفاءة الطاقة. على وجه الخصوص، تعتمد صناعة الأغذية بشكل كبير على الوقود الأحفوري، ومن المتوقع أن ينمو الطلب على الغذاء بشكل كبير في السنوات القادمة. لذلك، فإن تطوير استراتيجيات كفاءة الطاقة لهذا القطاع الصناعي بالذات أمر بالغ الأهمية. تبحث هذه الورقة في الفرص المختلفة لكفاءة الطاقة في صناعة الأغذية. يقدم أولاً نظرة عامة موجزة على مختلف الصناعات الغذائية واستهلاك الطاقة ذي الصلة. ثم نناقش الخيارات المختلفة لكفاءة الطاقة في القطاع الحراري والكهربائي. كما يتم عرض الاتجاهات والفرص الجديدة الناشئة عن الصناعة 4.0 واستجابة الطلب.

The key to bio-gasification is the lignocellulosic materials provided in the herbaceous crops which are considered to be renewable energy resources. This study focuses on pretreatments of five sele...

[EN] The monitoring of industry processes can optimize the use of resources and improve its efficiency. In dairy farms, several parameters from the processes must be monitored. This paper proposes the design of a monitoring system for a farm that produces dairy products and jams. Several similar studies are analysed. Based on this, and on the farm characteristics, a novel design is developed. The principal benefits of the system are also exposed. This work was supported by Universidad de las Americas - Ecuador under project SIS.JCG.19.01. The authors would like to thank Monica Guevara, Andrea Maldonado, and Francisca Martinez from Universidad de las Americas - Ecuador for their valuable help and information.

Argentina targets a 20% share of renewables in the energy mix by 2025 and a 15% emissions reduction by 2030, while at the same time removing subsidies for grid electricity. This paper aims to provide a feasible solution for small farm owners for sustainable and affordable energy: a grid-connected hybrid system able to fulfill the demand in a cheaper, reliable and sustainable way. The case study of an existing dairy farm in Carmen de Areco, Buenos Aires, is taken. A grid-connected hybrid system with solar photovoltaics, unheated anaerobic digestion (AD) coupled to an internal combustion engine and storage system, was selected. The size of the hybrid system was optimized via a mathematical model that compared different technologies. The interrelation between sources was economically optimized in order to match the demand on an hourly basis. The scenario comparison defined the optimal solution for this case study, which was the installation of an unheated AD plant with 2.4 kW capacity, and 16 solar panels with a capacity of 5.2 kW, added to a shift in the demand profile. The initial investment required is 17,042 USD, with a payback of 3.4 years and a GHG reduction of 275.9 tons of CO2 eq per year.

Abstract Energy production from anaerobic digestion of organic waste and dedicated digestable biomass is a promising climate change mitigation option. Over the last ten years anaerobic digestion has become established in many European countries. The plants have been developed for renewable energy generation, but also to control the emission of odors from zootechnical farms and to stabilize biomass before its agronomic use. In Italy the subsidies available for power generation from biomass have given rise to renewed interest in biogas, creating new opportunities for the agricultural and livestock sectors. Despite of this, in Southern Italy the manure is highly dispersed over a large number of small-size cattle farms, while power generation facilities are affected by scale economies and the aggregation of input biomass is a major logistic, managing, economic and environmental drawback towards the diffusion of such technologies. In this paper, an investment decision methodology for the assessment of optimal size and feedstock mix of biogas power plants fed by cattle manure and energy crops is presented. The methodology is applied to one of the most promising basins of Puglia region, in Southern Italy, represented by the Municipalities of the Local Action Group “ Terra dei Trulli e del Barsento ”, Province of Bari. The main factors influencing the profitability of these investments are assessed, with biogas power plant size ranging between 50 kW and 1 MW, and on the basis of the recently introduced feed-in tariff scheme for such plants (D.M. 6 July 2012). The results show that a high manure recovery rate, the reuse of biogas slurry and the cogeneration options are major key factor for the profitability of the investments.

Abstract The scarcity of water, the need to reduce of pesticides, the demand for on-site production of vegetables are moving the interest from greenhouse cultivation to indoor farming. Compared to greenhouses, indoor farms allow to reduce considerably the water consumption, requiring more energy, which could be provided by renewable sources. In order to assess the convenience of such a system, accurate preliminary calculations are needed for productivity, energy requirements and costs as a function of the type of cultivation and the operating conditions. While some knowledge (e.g. production rate or cooling system performance) are available from open literature, some specific predictive methods are required. Based on the few works available in literature about indoor farming, evapotranspiration rate resulted as a critical term. An assessment of different methods based on literature data with a critical analysis of their effectiveness based on several aspects (level of fidelity of the model, complexity in the calibration and use, potential strengths and weaknesses) is proposed in this work.