• Energy Research
• 11. Sustainability close

Palm oil is the most demanded vegetable oil in the world. It serves as a raw material for a wide range of products as well as food and energy sources. However, the palm oil supply from Southeast Asian countries has been repeatedly under discussion in the EU Commission for its environmental impacts. To gain a deeper under-standing of the related costs and GHG emissions of the palm oil supply, a comprehensive modelling tool is used to assess the Indonesian supply path to Germany. Starting with the cultivation and harvesting of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), the crude palm oil (CPO) production in an oil mill and the cargo handling in Central Kalimantan, the CPO is transshipped through the seaports of Surabaya and Rotterdam to an assumed landing area in the south of Germany. The overall supply costs and GHG emissions add up to 599.08 €/t and 5,156.86 kg CO2-eq./t CPO. Proceedings of the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 27-30 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1681-1693

Purpose: The sustainable development of Arctic maritime supply chains requires an effective balance between economic growth, environmental protection and social relations. Existing Arctic development projects are often distinguished by single-cri-terion decision making - economic growth to the detriment of other components. The paper aims to analyze existing approaches and practices of Arctic supply chains development from a sustainable development viewpoint. Methodology: Best practices of other industries are identified by a thoroughly liter-ature research of relevant publications and developing a model for sustainability is-sues in Arctic maritime supply chains. The model compromises relevant indicators in regard to economic, social and environmental performance for the Arctic region. Findings: The result of this paper will be a thoroughly overview over current sustain-ability issues in the Arctic framework (economic, social and environmental). Findings for example will be how companies adjust to the ban of using heavy Sulphur fuel in the Arctic or social and economic changes in remote areas due to more shipping in the Arctic. Originality: The originality of the research is defined by the sustainability viewpoint on the problem: the combination of social, economic as well as environmental issues is the main focus of this paper especially with a focus on remote areas of the Arctic.