• Energy Research

This paper presents a dc arc protection scheme for a dc distribution system. The location of arc fault detectors (AFD) and interrupting devices (ID) for system safety guarantee is discussed. Through the proposed scheme, the dc distribution system is protected from arc faults occurring in photovoltaic (PV) sources and load sides. Operation principle is discussed in detail. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the protection scheme.

Abstract This paper proposes state-of-charge (SOC) estimation algorithms that utilize a filtered battery terminal voltage without measuring the current. These methods extract an estimated open-circuit voltage (OCV) or current from the battery terminal voltage through equivalent circuit model-based filters, which streamlines the estimation process. In the methods, the OCV values derived from the corresponding SOCs are used to extract the filter coefficient for ease of implementation. The relationship between the model's accuracy and estimation performance is investigated, and the variation of the SOC estimation error due to the model parameter tolerance is also derived by the Monte Carlo simulation tool to confirm the practicality of the method. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, a parameter extraction profile and an actual mobile phone profile are applied to a 2.6 Ah prismatic Li-ion battery. The experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed SOC estimation algorithm to within a 5% SOC estimation error.

In this article, the challenges and a future vision of the cyber–physical security of photovoltaic (PV) systems are discussed from a firmware, network, PV converter controls, and grid security perspective. The vulnerabilities of PV systems are investigated under a variety of cyberattacks, ranging from data integrity attacks to software-based attacks. A success rate metric is designed to evaluate the impact and facilitate decision-making. Model-based and data-driven methods for threat detection and mitigation are summarized. In addition, the blockchain technology that addresses cyberattacks in software and cybernetworks is described. Simulation and experimental results that show the impact of cyberattacks at the converter (device) and grid (system) levels are presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are discussed for next-generation, cybersecure power electronics systems. These opportunities include multiscale controllability, self-/event-triggering control, artificial intelligence/machine learning, hot patching, and online security. As of today, this study will be one of the few comprehensive studies in this emerging and fast-growing area.

AbstractRapidly increasing levels of variable inverter‐based renewable energy sources (are quickly changing electric power systems and prompting questions about how the systems will be operated when renewable generation becomes the dominant technologies. In this article, we review the status of this shifting paradigm in power systems throughout the world. We then review the implications of this shift, focusing on the rising challenges, and we provide an overview and technology‐readiness classifications of some proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions that will require solutions to reach these ultrahigh shares of variable inverter‐based renewable energy sources.This article is categorized under: Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure