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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Koch, Hagen; Silva, Ana Lígia Chaves; Liersch, Stefan; de Azevedo, José Roberto Gonçalves; +6 Authors

    AbstractSemi-arid regions are known for erratic precipitation patterns with significant effects on the hydrological cycle and water resources availability. High temporal and spatial variation in precipitation causes large variability in runoff over short durations. Due to low soil water storage capacity, base flow is often missing and rivers fall dry for long periods. Because of its climatic characteristics, the semi-arid north-eastern region of Brazil is prone to droughts. To counter these, reservoirs were built to ensure water supply during dry months. This paper describes problems and solutions when calibrating and validating the eco-hydrological model SWIM for semi-arid regions on the example of the Pajeú watershed in north-eastern Brazil. The model was calibrated to river discharge data before the year 1983, with no or little effects of water management, applying a simple and an enhanced approach. Uncertainties result mainly from the meteorological data and observed river discharges. After model calibration water management was included in the simulations. Observed and simulated reservoir volumes and river discharges are compared. The calibrated and validated models were used to simulate the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes and water resources management using data of two representative concentration pathways (RCP) and five earth system models (ESM). The differences in changes in natural and managed mean discharges are negligible (< 5%) under RCP8.5 but notable (> 5%) under RCP2.6 for the ESM ensemble mean. In semi-arid catchments, the enhanced approach should be preferred, because in addition to discharge, a second variable, here evapotranspiration, is considered for model validation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publication Database...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climatic Change
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Climatic Change
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/59...
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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    11
    citations11
    popularityTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publication Database...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climatic Change
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Climatic Change
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/59...
      Article . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Julia Reinhardt; Stefan Liersch; Mohamed Arbi Abdeladhim; Mori Diallo; +9 Authors

    Los escenarios se han convertido en una herramienta clave para apoyar la investigación de sostenibilidad sobre el cambio regional y global. En este estudio evaluamos cuatro evaluaciones de escenarios regionales: primero, para explorar una serie de desafíos de investigación relacionados con la ciencia de la sostenibilidad y, segundo, para contribuir a la investigación de sostenibilidad en los estudios de casos específicos. Los cuatro estudios de casos utilizaron enfoques de escenarios comúnmente aplicados que son (i) un enfoque de historia y simulación con participación de las partes interesadas en la cuenca hidrográfica de Oum Zessar, Túnez, (ii) una exploración participativa de escenarios en la región de Rwenzori, Uganda, (iii) un estudio de prepolíticas basado en modelos en el Delta Interior del Níger, Malí, y (iv) un análisis de escenarios basado en modelos de acoplamiento en la cuenca alta de Thukela, Sudáfrica. Las evaluaciones de escenarios se evalúan frente a un conjunto de desafíos conocidos en la ciencia de la sostenibilidad, con cada desafío representado por dos indicadores, complementados por una encuesta realizada sobre la percepción de las evaluaciones de escenarios dentro de las regiones de estudio de caso. Los resultados muestran que todos los tipos de evaluaciones de escenarios abordan muchos desafíos de sostenibilidad, pero que los más complejos basados en la historia y la simulación y el acoplamiento de modelos son: el más completo. El estudio destaca la necesidad de investigar los cambios abruptos del sistema, así como los factores gubernamentales y políticos como fuentes importantes de incertidumbre. Para un análisis en profundidad de estos problemas, se sugiere el uso de enfoques cualitativos y una participación activa de las partes interesadas locales. Se recomienda estudiar los umbrales ecológicos a escala regional para apoyar la investigación sobre la sostenibilidad regional. La evaluación de los procesos y resultados de los escenarios por parte de los investigadores locales indica que las evaluaciones de escenarios más transparentes son las más útiles. Las evaluaciones de escenarios centradas, directas e iterativas pueden ser muy relevantes al aportar información a los problemas de sostenibilidad seleccionados. Les scénarios sont devenus un outil clé pour soutenir la recherche sur la durabilité des changements régionaux et mondiaux. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons quatre évaluations de scénarios régionaux : premièrement, explorer un certain nombre de défis de recherche liés à la science de la durabilité et, deuxièmement, contribuer à la recherche sur la durabilité dans les études de cas spécifiques. Les quatre études de cas ont utilisé des approches de scénarios couramment appliquées qui sont (i) une approche d'histoire et de simulation avec la participation des parties prenantes dans le bassin versant d'Oum Zessar, en Tunisie, (ii) une exploration participative de scénarios dans la région de Rwenzori, en Ouganda, (iii) une étude pré-politique basée sur des modèles dans le delta intérieur du Niger, au Mali, et (iv) une analyse de scénarios basée sur le couplage de modèles dans le bassin supérieur de Thukela, en Afrique du Sud. Les évaluations de scénarios sont évaluées par rapport à un ensemble de défis connus en science de la durabilité, chaque défi étant représenté par deux indicateurs, complétés par une enquête réalisée sur la perception des évaluations de scénarios dans les régions d'étude de cas. Les résultats montrent que tous les types d'évaluations de scénarios répondent à de nombreux défis de durabilité, mais que les plus complexes basés sur l'histoire et la simulation et le couplage de modèles sont la plus complète. L'étude souligne la nécessité d'enquêter sur les changements brusques du système ainsi que sur les facteurs gouvernementaux et politiques en tant que sources importantes d'incertitude. Pour une analyse approfondie de ces questions, l'utilisation d'approches qualitatives et un engagement actif des parties prenantes locales sont suggérés. L'étude des seuils écologiques à l'échelle régionale est recommandée pour soutenir la recherche sur la durabilité régionale. L'évaluation des processus et des résultats des scénarios par les chercheurs locaux indique que les évaluations de scénarios les plus transparentes sont les plus utiles. Des évaluations de scénarios ciblées, simples, mais itératives peuvent être très pertinentes en fournissant des informations à des problèmes de durabilité sélectionnés. Scenarios have become a key tool for supporting sustainability research on regional and global change.In this study we evaluate four regional scenario assessments: first, to explore a number of research challenges related to sustainability science and, second, to contribute to sustainability research in the specific case studies.The four case studies used commonly applied scenario approaches that are (i) a story and simulation approach with stakeholder participation in the Oum Zessar watershed, Tunisia, (ii) a participatory scenario exploration in the Rwenzori region, Uganda, (iii) a model-based prepolicy study in the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and (iv) a model coupling-based scenario analysis in upper Thukela basin, South Africa.The scenario assessments are evaluated against a set of known challenges in sustainability science, with each challenge represented by two indicators, complemented by a survey carried out on the perception of the scenario assessments within the case study regions.The results show that all types of scenario assessments address many sustainability challenges, but that the more complex ones based on story and simulation and model coupling are the most comprehensive.The study highlights the need to investigate abrupt system changes as well as governmental and political factors as important sources of uncertainty.For an in-depth analysis of these issues, the use of qualitative approaches and an active engagement of local stakeholders are suggested.Studying ecological thresholds for the regional scale is recommended to support research on regional sustainability.The evaluation of the scenario processes and outcomes by local researchers indicates the most transparent scenario assessments as the most useful.Focused, straightforward, yet iterative scenario assessments can be very relevant by contributing information to selected sustainability problems. أصبحت السيناريوهات أداة رئيسية لدعم أبحاث الاستدامة حول التغيير الإقليمي والعالمي. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم بتقييم أربعة تقييمات للسيناريوهات الإقليمية: أولاً، لاستكشاف عدد من تحديات البحث المتعلقة بعلوم الاستدامة، وثانياً، للمساهمة في أبحاث الاستدامة في دراسات الحالة المحددة. استخدمت دراسات الحالة الأربع مناهج السيناريوهات المطبقة بشكل شائع والتي هي (1) نهج القصة والمحاكاة بمشاركة أصحاب المصلحة في مستجمعات مياه أم زسار، تونس، (2) استكشاف سيناريو تشاركي في منطقة روينزوري، أوغندا، (3) دراسة سياسة مسبقة قائمة على نموذج في دلتا النيجر الداخلية، مالي، و (4) تحليل سيناريو قائم على نموذج الاقتران في حوض ثوكيلا العلوي، جنوب أفريقيا. يتم تقييم تقييمات السيناريو مقابل مجموعة من التحديات المعروفة في علم الاستدامة، مع تمثيل كل تحدٍ بمؤشرين، يكملهما مسح تم إجراؤه على تصور تقييمات السيناريو داخل مناطق دراسة الحالة. تظهر النتائج أن جميع أنواع تقييمات السيناريو تعالج العديد من تحديات الاستدامة، ولكن التحديات الأكثر تعقيدًا القائمة على القصة والمحاكاة واقتران النموذج هي الأكثر شمولاً. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على الحاجة إلى التحقيق في التغييرات المفاجئة في النظام وكذلك العوامل الحكومية والسياسية كمصادر مهمة لعدم اليقين. للحصول على تحليل متعمق لهذه القضايا، يُقترح استخدام النهج النوعية والمشاركة النشطة لأصحاب المصلحة المحليين. يوصى بدراسة العتبات البيئية على المستوى الإقليمي لدعم البحوث المتعلقة بالاستدامة الإقليمية. يشير تقييم عمليات ونتائج السيناريو من قبل الباحثين المحليين إلى أن تقييمات السيناريو الأكثر شفافية هي الأكثر فائدة. يمكن أن تكون تقييمات السيناريو المركزة والمباشرة والمتكررة ذات صلة كبيرة من خلال المساهمة بالمعلومات في مشاكل الاستدامة المختارة.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publication Database...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecology and Society
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/mk...
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.25932/pu...
    Other literature type . 2020
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/je...
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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    15
    citations15
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseTop 10%
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publication Database...arrow_drop_down
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ecology and Society
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Ecology and Society
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/mk...
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.25932/pu...
      Other literature type . 2020
      License: CC BY NC
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/je...
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anne Gädeke; Michel Wortmann; Christoph Menz; Akm Saiful Islam; +4 Authors

    Abstract The densely populated delta of the three river systems of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna is highly prone to floods. Potential climate change-related increases in flood intensity are therefore of major societal concern as more than 40 million people live in flood-prone areas in downstream Bangladesh. Here we report on new flood projections using a hydrological model forced by bias-adjusted ensembles of the latest-generation global climate models of CMIP6 (SSP5-8.5/SSP1-2.6) in comparison to CMIP5 (RCP8.5/RCP2.6). Results suggest increases in peak flow magnitude of 36% (16%) on average under SSP5-8.5 (SSP1-2.6), compared to 60% (17%) under RCP8.5 (RCP2.6) by 2070–2099 relative to 1971–2000. Under RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5 (2070–2099), the largest increase in flood risk is projected for the Ganges watershed, where higher flood peaks become the ‘new norm’ as early as mid-2030 implying a relatively short time window for adaptation. In the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, the climate impact signal on peak flow emerges after 2070 (CMIP5 and CMIP6 projections). Flood peak synchronization, when annual peak flow occurs simultaneously at (at least) two rivers leading to large flooding events within Bangladesh, show a consistent increase under both projections. While the variability across the ensemble remains high, the increases in flood magnitude are robust in the study basins. Our findings emphasize the need of stringent climate mitigation policies to reduce the climate change impact on peak flows (as presented using SSP1-2.6/RCP2.6) and to subsequently minimize adverse socioeconomic impacts and adaptation costs. Considering Bangladesh’s high overall vulnerability to climate change and its downstream location, synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation and transboundary cooperation will need to be strengthened to improve overall climate resilience and achieve sustainable development.

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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/10...
    Article . 2022
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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2022
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/55...
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/10...
      Article . 2022
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2022
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/55...
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    Authors: Stefan Liersch; Hagen Koch; Joachim Ayiiwe Abungba; Seyni Salack; +1 Authors

    Abstract To feed the growing population, achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and fulfil the commitments of the Paris Agreement, West African countries need to invest in agricultural development and renewable energy, among other sectors. Irrigated agriculture, feeding millions of people, and hydropower, generating clean electricity, depend on water availability and compete for the resource. In the Volta basin, the planned 105 000 ha of irrigated land in Burkina Faso and Ghana could feed hundreds of thousands of people. However, irrigation in the dry season depends on upstream dams that change the river’s flow regime from intermittent to permanent, and at the same time irrigation water is no longer available for hydropower generation. Using an integrated eco-hydrological and water management model, we investigated the water demand and supply of three planned irrigation projects and the impacts of the planned Pwalugu multi-purpose dam on the hydropower potentials and water availability in the entire Volta basin. We found that future irrigation withdrawals would reduce the hydropower potential in the Volta basin by 79 GWh a−1 and the operation of Pwalugu by another 86 GWh a−1. Hence, Pwalugu contributes only about 101 GWh a−1 of its potential of 187 GWh a−1. Under climate change simulations, using an ensemble of eight bias-adjusted and downscaled GCMs, irrigation demand surprisingly did not increase. The higher evaporation losses due to higher temperatures were compensated by increasing precipitation while favouring hydropower generation. However, water availability at the irrigation site in Burkina Faso is clearly at its limit, while capacity in Ghana is not yet exhausted. Due to hydro-climatic differences in the Volta basin, the cost of irrigating one hectare of land in terms of lost hydropower potential follows a north-south gradient from the hot and dry north to the humid south. Nevertheless, food production should have priority over hydropower, which can be compensated by other renewables energies.

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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/99...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Koch, Hagen; Silva, Ana Lígia Chaves; Liersch, Stefan; de Azevedo, José Roberto Gonçalves; +6 Authors

    AbstractSemi-arid regions are known for erratic precipitation patterns with significant effects on the hydrological cycle and water resources availability. High temporal and spatial variation in precipitation causes large variability in runoff over short durations. Due to low soil water storage capacity, base flow is often missing and rivers fall dry for long periods. Because of its climatic characteristics, the semi-arid north-eastern region of Brazil is prone to droughts. To counter these, reservoirs were built to ensure water supply during dry months. This paper describes problems and solutions when calibrating and validating the eco-hydrological model SWIM for semi-arid regions on the example of the Pajeú watershed in north-eastern Brazil. The model was calibrated to river discharge data before the year 1983, with no or little effects of water management, applying a simple and an enhanced approach. Uncertainties result mainly from the meteorological data and observed river discharges. After model calibration water management was included in the simulations. Observed and simulated reservoir volumes and river discharges are compared. The calibrated and validated models were used to simulate the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes and water resources management using data of two representative concentration pathways (RCP) and five earth system models (ESM). The differences in changes in natural and managed mean discharges are negligible (< 5%) under RCP8.5 but notable (> 5%) under RCP2.6 for the ESM ensemble mean. In semi-arid catchments, the enhanced approach should be preferred, because in addition to discharge, a second variable, here evapotranspiration, is considered for model validation.

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    Climatic Change
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Climatic Change
    Article
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/59...
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2020
    License: CC BY
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      Climatic Change
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Climatic Change
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/59...
      Article . 2020
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 2020
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Julia Reinhardt; Stefan Liersch; Mohamed Arbi Abdeladhim; Mori Diallo; +9 Authors

    Los escenarios se han convertido en una herramienta clave para apoyar la investigación de sostenibilidad sobre el cambio regional y global. En este estudio evaluamos cuatro evaluaciones de escenarios regionales: primero, para explorar una serie de desafíos de investigación relacionados con la ciencia de la sostenibilidad y, segundo, para contribuir a la investigación de sostenibilidad en los estudios de casos específicos. Los cuatro estudios de casos utilizaron enfoques de escenarios comúnmente aplicados que son (i) un enfoque de historia y simulación con participación de las partes interesadas en la cuenca hidrográfica de Oum Zessar, Túnez, (ii) una exploración participativa de escenarios en la región de Rwenzori, Uganda, (iii) un estudio de prepolíticas basado en modelos en el Delta Interior del Níger, Malí, y (iv) un análisis de escenarios basado en modelos de acoplamiento en la cuenca alta de Thukela, Sudáfrica. Las evaluaciones de escenarios se evalúan frente a un conjunto de desafíos conocidos en la ciencia de la sostenibilidad, con cada desafío representado por dos indicadores, complementados por una encuesta realizada sobre la percepción de las evaluaciones de escenarios dentro de las regiones de estudio de caso. Los resultados muestran que todos los tipos de evaluaciones de escenarios abordan muchos desafíos de sostenibilidad, pero que los más complejos basados en la historia y la simulación y el acoplamiento de modelos son: el más completo. El estudio destaca la necesidad de investigar los cambios abruptos del sistema, así como los factores gubernamentales y políticos como fuentes importantes de incertidumbre. Para un análisis en profundidad de estos problemas, se sugiere el uso de enfoques cualitativos y una participación activa de las partes interesadas locales. Se recomienda estudiar los umbrales ecológicos a escala regional para apoyar la investigación sobre la sostenibilidad regional. La evaluación de los procesos y resultados de los escenarios por parte de los investigadores locales indica que las evaluaciones de escenarios más transparentes son las más útiles. Las evaluaciones de escenarios centradas, directas e iterativas pueden ser muy relevantes al aportar información a los problemas de sostenibilidad seleccionados. Les scénarios sont devenus un outil clé pour soutenir la recherche sur la durabilité des changements régionaux et mondiaux. Dans cette étude, nous évaluons quatre évaluations de scénarios régionaux : premièrement, explorer un certain nombre de défis de recherche liés à la science de la durabilité et, deuxièmement, contribuer à la recherche sur la durabilité dans les études de cas spécifiques. Les quatre études de cas ont utilisé des approches de scénarios couramment appliquées qui sont (i) une approche d'histoire et de simulation avec la participation des parties prenantes dans le bassin versant d'Oum Zessar, en Tunisie, (ii) une exploration participative de scénarios dans la région de Rwenzori, en Ouganda, (iii) une étude pré-politique basée sur des modèles dans le delta intérieur du Niger, au Mali, et (iv) une analyse de scénarios basée sur le couplage de modèles dans le bassin supérieur de Thukela, en Afrique du Sud. Les évaluations de scénarios sont évaluées par rapport à un ensemble de défis connus en science de la durabilité, chaque défi étant représenté par deux indicateurs, complétés par une enquête réalisée sur la perception des évaluations de scénarios dans les régions d'étude de cas. Les résultats montrent que tous les types d'évaluations de scénarios répondent à de nombreux défis de durabilité, mais que les plus complexes basés sur l'histoire et la simulation et le couplage de modèles sont la plus complète. L'étude souligne la nécessité d'enquêter sur les changements brusques du système ainsi que sur les facteurs gouvernementaux et politiques en tant que sources importantes d'incertitude. Pour une analyse approfondie de ces questions, l'utilisation d'approches qualitatives et un engagement actif des parties prenantes locales sont suggérés. L'étude des seuils écologiques à l'échelle régionale est recommandée pour soutenir la recherche sur la durabilité régionale. L'évaluation des processus et des résultats des scénarios par les chercheurs locaux indique que les évaluations de scénarios les plus transparentes sont les plus utiles. Des évaluations de scénarios ciblées, simples, mais itératives peuvent être très pertinentes en fournissant des informations à des problèmes de durabilité sélectionnés. Scenarios have become a key tool for supporting sustainability research on regional and global change.In this study we evaluate four regional scenario assessments: first, to explore a number of research challenges related to sustainability science and, second, to contribute to sustainability research in the specific case studies.The four case studies used commonly applied scenario approaches that are (i) a story and simulation approach with stakeholder participation in the Oum Zessar watershed, Tunisia, (ii) a participatory scenario exploration in the Rwenzori region, Uganda, (iii) a model-based prepolicy study in the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and (iv) a model coupling-based scenario analysis in upper Thukela basin, South Africa.The scenario assessments are evaluated against a set of known challenges in sustainability science, with each challenge represented by two indicators, complemented by a survey carried out on the perception of the scenario assessments within the case study regions.The results show that all types of scenario assessments address many sustainability challenges, but that the more complex ones based on story and simulation and model coupling are the most comprehensive.The study highlights the need to investigate abrupt system changes as well as governmental and political factors as important sources of uncertainty.For an in-depth analysis of these issues, the use of qualitative approaches and an active engagement of local stakeholders are suggested.Studying ecological thresholds for the regional scale is recommended to support research on regional sustainability.The evaluation of the scenario processes and outcomes by local researchers indicates the most transparent scenario assessments as the most useful.Focused, straightforward, yet iterative scenario assessments can be very relevant by contributing information to selected sustainability problems. أصبحت السيناريوهات أداة رئيسية لدعم أبحاث الاستدامة حول التغيير الإقليمي والعالمي. في هذه الدراسة، نقوم بتقييم أربعة تقييمات للسيناريوهات الإقليمية: أولاً، لاستكشاف عدد من تحديات البحث المتعلقة بعلوم الاستدامة، وثانياً، للمساهمة في أبحاث الاستدامة في دراسات الحالة المحددة. استخدمت دراسات الحالة الأربع مناهج السيناريوهات المطبقة بشكل شائع والتي هي (1) نهج القصة والمحاكاة بمشاركة أصحاب المصلحة في مستجمعات مياه أم زسار، تونس، (2) استكشاف سيناريو تشاركي في منطقة روينزوري، أوغندا، (3) دراسة سياسة مسبقة قائمة على نموذج في دلتا النيجر الداخلية، مالي، و (4) تحليل سيناريو قائم على نموذج الاقتران في حوض ثوكيلا العلوي، جنوب أفريقيا. يتم تقييم تقييمات السيناريو مقابل مجموعة من التحديات المعروفة في علم الاستدامة، مع تمثيل كل تحدٍ بمؤشرين، يكملهما مسح تم إجراؤه على تصور تقييمات السيناريو داخل مناطق دراسة الحالة. تظهر النتائج أن جميع أنواع تقييمات السيناريو تعالج العديد من تحديات الاستدامة، ولكن التحديات الأكثر تعقيدًا القائمة على القصة والمحاكاة واقتران النموذج هي الأكثر شمولاً. تسلط الدراسة الضوء على الحاجة إلى التحقيق في التغييرات المفاجئة في النظام وكذلك العوامل الحكومية والسياسية كمصادر مهمة لعدم اليقين. للحصول على تحليل متعمق لهذه القضايا، يُقترح استخدام النهج النوعية والمشاركة النشطة لأصحاب المصلحة المحليين. يوصى بدراسة العتبات البيئية على المستوى الإقليمي لدعم البحوث المتعلقة بالاستدامة الإقليمية. يشير تقييم عمليات ونتائج السيناريو من قبل الباحثين المحليين إلى أن تقييمات السيناريو الأكثر شفافية هي الأكثر فائدة. يمكن أن تكون تقييمات السيناريو المركزة والمباشرة والمتكررة ذات صلة كبيرة من خلال المساهمة بالمعلومات في مشاكل الاستدامة المختارة.

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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Ecology and Society
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      Ecology and Society
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    Authors: Anne Gädeke; Michel Wortmann; Christoph Menz; Akm Saiful Islam; +4 Authors

    Abstract The densely populated delta of the three river systems of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna is highly prone to floods. Potential climate change-related increases in flood intensity are therefore of major societal concern as more than 40 million people live in flood-prone areas in downstream Bangladesh. Here we report on new flood projections using a hydrological model forced by bias-adjusted ensembles of the latest-generation global climate models of CMIP6 (SSP5-8.5/SSP1-2.6) in comparison to CMIP5 (RCP8.5/RCP2.6). Results suggest increases in peak flow magnitude of 36% (16%) on average under SSP5-8.5 (SSP1-2.6), compared to 60% (17%) under RCP8.5 (RCP2.6) by 2070–2099 relative to 1971–2000. Under RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5 (2070–2099), the largest increase in flood risk is projected for the Ganges watershed, where higher flood peaks become the ‘new norm’ as early as mid-2030 implying a relatively short time window for adaptation. In the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, the climate impact signal on peak flow emerges after 2070 (CMIP5 and CMIP6 projections). Flood peak synchronization, when annual peak flow occurs simultaneously at (at least) two rivers leading to large flooding events within Bangladesh, show a consistent increase under both projections. While the variability across the ensemble remains high, the increases in flood magnitude are robust in the study basins. Our findings emphasize the need of stringent climate mitigation policies to reduce the climate change impact on peak flows (as presented using SSP1-2.6/RCP2.6) and to subsequently minimize adverse socioeconomic impacts and adaptation costs. Considering Bangladesh’s high overall vulnerability to climate change and its downstream location, synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation and transboundary cooperation will need to be strengthened to improve overall climate resilience and achieve sustainable development.

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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.34657/10...
    Article . 2022
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    Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
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    Authors: Stefan Liersch; Hagen Koch; Joachim Ayiiwe Abungba; Seyni Salack; +1 Authors

    Abstract To feed the growing population, achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and fulfil the commitments of the Paris Agreement, West African countries need to invest in agricultural development and renewable energy, among other sectors. Irrigated agriculture, feeding millions of people, and hydropower, generating clean electricity, depend on water availability and compete for the resource. In the Volta basin, the planned 105 000 ha of irrigated land in Burkina Faso and Ghana could feed hundreds of thousands of people. However, irrigation in the dry season depends on upstream dams that change the river’s flow regime from intermittent to permanent, and at the same time irrigation water is no longer available for hydropower generation. Using an integrated eco-hydrological and water management model, we investigated the water demand and supply of three planned irrigation projects and the impacts of the planned Pwalugu multi-purpose dam on the hydropower potentials and water availability in the entire Volta basin. We found that future irrigation withdrawals would reduce the hydropower potential in the Volta basin by 79 GWh a−1 and the operation of Pwalugu by another 86 GWh a−1. Hence, Pwalugu contributes only about 101 GWh a−1 of its potential of 187 GWh a−1. Under climate change simulations, using an ensemble of eight bias-adjusted and downscaled GCMs, irrigation demand surprisingly did not increase. The higher evaporation losses due to higher temperatures were compensated by increasing precipitation while favouring hydropower generation. However, water availability at the irrigation site in Burkina Faso is clearly at its limit, while capacity in Ghana is not yet exhausted. Due to hydro-climatic differences in the Volta basin, the cost of irrigating one hectare of land in terms of lost hydropower potential follows a north-south gradient from the hot and dry north to the humid south. Nevertheless, food production should have priority over hydropower, which can be compensated by other renewables energies.

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    Environmental Research Letters
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Environmental Research Letters
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/99...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/8s...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
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