• Energy Research

Abstract Sustainable development (SD) can be considered as a bridge incorporating economic development and environmental protection. Sustainability in oil industry is a crucial environmental issue, from the extraction to the delivery levels. As a result of the rapidly increasing population and industrialization, there would not only be the energy demand but also an increase in oil production in next decades affecting SD. Unfortunately, some industries including oil production are directly related to the CO2 and other harmful emissions making it an important issue in terms of sustainability. Therefore, assessment of sustainability performance of OPEC countries is of vital importance affecting the global energy sectors hierarchies. Along this line, via using a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) approach namely Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo), the OPEC countries are analysed according to 41 SD indicators in 10 dimensions in this study. Twelve selected main members of OPEC are evaluated based on the official real data and the outputs are tested through sensitivity analyses compared to other extensively known robust MADM methods. Based on the findings, United Arab Emirates is the most sustainable OPEC country with 71.9% performance score as well as Qatar, Kuwait, and Iran are positioned next with 69.3%, 66.6, and 56.2% performance scores, respectively. High correlation (greater than 97%) of the method used in this study compared to other robust MADM methods (WASPAS, MABAC, CODAS, and VIKOR) demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method.

Abstract Sustainable development (SD) can be considered as a bridge incorporating economic development and environmental protection. Sustainability in oil industry is a crucial environmental issue, from the extraction to the delivery levels. As a result of the rapidly increasing population and industrialization, there would not only be the energy demand but also an increase in oil production in next decades affecting SD. Unfortunately, some industries including oil production are directly related to the CO2 and other harmful emissions making it an important issue in terms of sustainability. Therefore, assessment of sustainability performance of OPEC countries is of vital importance affecting the global energy sectors hierarchies. Along this line, via using a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) approach namely Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo), the OPEC countries are analysed according to 41 SD indicators in 10 dimensions in this study. Twelve selected main members of OPEC are evaluated based on the official real data and the outputs are tested through sensitivity analyses compared to other extensively known robust MADM methods. Based on the findings, United Arab Emirates is the most sustainable OPEC country with 71.9% performance score as well as Qatar, Kuwait, and Iran are positioned next with 69.3%, 66.6, and 56.2% performance scores, respectively. High correlation (greater than 97%) of the method used in this study compared to other robust MADM methods (WASPAS, MABAC, CODAS, and VIKOR) demonstrated the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method.

Bilgisayar teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler, bilgi iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Devletler bilgi iletişim teknolojilerine yönelik altyapılarını iyileştirmek ve geliştirmek için adımlar atmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda, ülkelerin BİT düzeylerini değerlendirmek kritik bir konudur. Bu motivasyonla hazırlanan çalışmada, G7 ülkelerinin BİT performansı BİT istihdam, BİT yatırım, BİT katma değer, BİT mal ihracı, internet erişimi ile evden bilgisayara erişim kriterlerine göre analiz edilmektedir. Önce, bu kriterlerin göreli ağırlıkları hem MEREC hem de CRITIC objektif ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ile hesaplanmakta ve birleştirilmiş bir önem düzeyi belirlenmektedir. Daha sonra ise ülkelerin BİT performans düzeylerini belirlemek için CoCoSo yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, BİT malları ihracı (0,3137) ile internet erişiminin (0,1581), G7 ülkelerinin BİT düzeylerinin gelişimi açısından en önemli kriterler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bulgulara göre ABD (6,0238) ve İngiltere (3,4215), BİT gelişim düzeyi açısından en iyi ülkelerdir. Buna karşın İtalya ve Kanada ise son sıralarda yer almaktadırlar.

Bilgisayar teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler, bilgi iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Devletler bilgi iletişim teknolojilerine yönelik altyapılarını iyileştirmek ve geliştirmek için adımlar atmaktadırlar. Bu bağlamda, ülkelerin BİT düzeylerini değerlendirmek kritik bir konudur. Bu motivasyonla hazırlanan çalışmada, G7 ülkelerinin BİT performansı BİT istihdam, BİT yatırım, BİT katma değer, BİT mal ihracı, internet erişimi ile evden bilgisayara erişim kriterlerine göre analiz edilmektedir. Önce, bu kriterlerin göreli ağırlıkları hem MEREC hem de CRITIC objektif ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ile hesaplanmakta ve birleştirilmiş bir önem düzeyi belirlenmektedir. Daha sonra ise ülkelerin BİT performans düzeylerini belirlemek için CoCoSo yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, BİT malları ihracı (0,3137) ile internet erişiminin (0,1581), G7 ülkelerinin BİT düzeylerinin gelişimi açısından en önemli kriterler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bulgulara göre ABD (6,0238) ve İngiltere (3,4215), BİT gelişim düzeyi açısından en iyi ülkelerdir. Buna karşın İtalya ve Kanada ise son sıralarda yer almaktadırlar.

PurposeNowadays, companies have required new alternatives and strategies to handle environmental sustainability difficulties, primarily as ecological and social awareness has grown. In this context, the aim is to determine the green transportation indicators in companies with corporate identity and logistics activities at the international level in Giresun, Ordu, Gümüshane, Artvin, Rize, and Trabzon in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey. At the same time, the study contributes to providing an effective and applicable solution to decision-making problems involving the assessment of green transportation indicators and smart network strategies in the logistics sector, which is a critical sector for countries. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to propose a model for the selection of smart network strategy and to determine the criteria weights used in green transportation indicators, and establish an ideal smart network strategy. In achieving the outlined goals of the study, the authors believe that the model proposed in the study will draw the focus to green logistics which will aid the environmental, economic and social efforts of businesses and governments through the provision of efficient use of scarce resources, which will, in turn, ensure that we leave a sustainable environment for future generations and businesses enjoy a competitive advantage. At the same time, different smart network strategies and green transportation indicators in companies show the success rate of social, economic and environmental indicators in green logistics practices. In addition to providing innovative, reliable and sustainable transportation systems, smart network strategies are critical for businesses to create cost advantages. Through the green transportation indicators and smart network strategies selection model outlined in this study, it is clear that the contribution will not only be limited to businesses, as the society and governments will also benefit from the important indicators on sustainability, as well as the protection of the environment and nature.FindingsAccording to the findings, “economic indicators” is the essential green transportation indicator in logistics companies with a corporate identity and worldwide transportation operations. Besides, the “mixed access model strategy” is the most appropriate smart network strategy in logistics firms with corporate identity and worldwide transportation activities. Currently, it is possible to assume that logistics organizations prefer to profit from all smart network strategies in terms of cost optimization and competitiveness rather than from just one. The study, on the other hand, which is a road map that will help sustainability practices in the logistics sector due to green transportation, also examines the similarities and differences of green transportation practices in companies in the relevant sector and to what extent they can be reflected. As a result, the study provides a practical road map for selecting green transport indicators and a smart network strategy process for the logistics industry.Originality/valueThis study examined logistics companies with a corporate identity and international transportation activities in provinces in the Eastern Black Sea Region such as Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, Artvin and Gümüshane. Novel picture fuzzy level based weight assessment (PF-LBWA) and picture fuzzy combined compromise solution (PF-CoCoSo) methods are developed to solve the decision-making problem.

PurposeNowadays, companies have required new alternatives and strategies to handle environmental sustainability difficulties, primarily as ecological and social awareness has grown. In this context, the aim is to determine the green transportation indicators in companies with corporate identity and logistics activities at the international level in Giresun, Ordu, Gümüshane, Artvin, Rize, and Trabzon in the Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey. At the same time, the study contributes to providing an effective and applicable solution to decision-making problems involving the assessment of green transportation indicators and smart network strategies in the logistics sector, which is a critical sector for countries. The purpose of this paper is to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to propose a model for the selection of smart network strategy and to determine the criteria weights used in green transportation indicators, and establish an ideal smart network strategy. In achieving the outlined goals of the study, the authors believe that the model proposed in the study will draw the focus to green logistics which will aid the environmental, economic and social efforts of businesses and governments through the provision of efficient use of scarce resources, which will, in turn, ensure that we leave a sustainable environment for future generations and businesses enjoy a competitive advantage. At the same time, different smart network strategies and green transportation indicators in companies show the success rate of social, economic and environmental indicators in green logistics practices. In addition to providing innovative, reliable and sustainable transportation systems, smart network strategies are critical for businesses to create cost advantages. Through the green transportation indicators and smart network strategies selection model outlined in this study, it is clear that the contribution will not only be limited to businesses, as the society and governments will also benefit from the important indicators on sustainability, as well as the protection of the environment and nature.FindingsAccording to the findings, “economic indicators” is the essential green transportation indicator in logistics companies with a corporate identity and worldwide transportation operations. Besides, the “mixed access model strategy” is the most appropriate smart network strategy in logistics firms with corporate identity and worldwide transportation activities. Currently, it is possible to assume that logistics organizations prefer to profit from all smart network strategies in terms of cost optimization and competitiveness rather than from just one. The study, on the other hand, which is a road map that will help sustainability practices in the logistics sector due to green transportation, also examines the similarities and differences of green transportation practices in companies in the relevant sector and to what extent they can be reflected. As a result, the study provides a practical road map for selecting green transport indicators and a smart network strategy process for the logistics industry.Originality/valueThis study examined logistics companies with a corporate identity and international transportation activities in provinces in the Eastern Black Sea Region such as Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, Artvin and Gümüshane. Novel picture fuzzy level based weight assessment (PF-LBWA) and picture fuzzy combined compromise solution (PF-CoCoSo) methods are developed to solve the decision-making problem.

Integrating green approaches and digital marketing strategies for Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which reduce environmental risks to desired levels by eliminating emissions and pollution, is considered one of the most promising solutions for logistics companies. The study strives to bring a practical and applicable solution to the decision problem involving the selection of indicators for green approaches and digital marketing strategies for ICTs in the logistics sector. An integrated Fermatean Fuzzy Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (FF–SWARA) and Fermatean Fuzzy Complex Proportional Assessment (FF–COPRAS) methodology is applied to evaluate green approaches and digital marketing strategies. Concerning the findings, the foremost criterion is “data management,” whereas the best strategy is “programmatic advertising.” To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no other study that both offers a strategy selection for the logistics industry and considers environmental protection, sustainability, digital transformation, energy costs, and social and economic factors. The study is a part of ongoing research on productivity, sustainability, the environment, digitization, recycling and estimating levels of waste reduction, as well as business practices, competitiveness and ensuring employee satisfaction and resource efficiency. Also, it investigates the similarities and dissimilarities in the green approach practices of business in logistics and determines the extent to which these practices could be reflected. It is expected to ensure a roadmap for green approach practices and to support sustainable and ecological awareness efforts for ICTs in the logistics sector. Logistics companies can select an integrated digital strategy based on green informatics that suits them using the decision model employed in this study, which can handle uncertainties effectively. In this regard, the study’s findings, which focus on reaching customers and the most precise target audience in digital applications for businesses, are critical for developing strategy, plan and process.