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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pompe, S.; Hanspach, J.; Badeck, F.; Klotz, S.; +2 Authors

    We present niche-based modelling to project the distribution of 845 European plant species for Germany using three different models and three scenarios of climate and land use changes up to 2080. Projected changes suggested large effects over the coming decades, with consequences for the German flora. Even under a moderate scenario (approx. +2.2°C), 15–19% (across models) of the species we studied could be lost locally—averaged from 2995 grid cells in Germany. Models projected strong spatially varying impacts on the species composition. In particular, the eastern and southwestern parts of Germany were affected by species loss. Scenarios were characterized by an increased number of species occupying small ranges, as evidenced by changes in range-size rarity scores. It is anticipated that species with small ranges will be especially vulnerable to future climate change and other ecological stresses.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biology Lettersarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biology Letters
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biology Letters
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biology Letters
    Article . 2008
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biology Lettersarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biology Letters
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biology Letters
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biology Letters
      Article . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pompe, S.; Hanspach, J.; Badeck, F.; Klotz, S.; +2 Authors

    We present niche-based modelling to project the distribution of 845 European plant species for Germany using three different models and three scenarios of climate and land use changes up to 2080. Projected changes suggested large effects over the coming decades, with consequences for the German flora. Even under a moderate scenario (approx. +2.2°C), 15–19% (across models) of the species we studied could be lost locally—averaged from 2995 grid cells in Germany. Models projected strong spatially varying impacts on the species composition. In particular, the eastern and southwestern parts of Germany were affected by species loss. Scenarios were characterized by an increased number of species occupying small ranges, as evidenced by changes in range-size rarity scores. It is anticipated that species with small ranges will be especially vulnerable to future climate change and other ecological stresses.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biology Lettersarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biology Letters
    Article
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biology Letters
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biology Letters
    Article . 2008
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    142
    citations142
    popularityTop 10%
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    impulseTop 10%
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biology Lettersarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biology Letters
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biology Letters
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biology Letters
      Article . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tolera Senbeto Jiren; Jan Hanspach; Jannik Schultner; Joern Fischer; +4 Authors

    Les systèmes socio-écologiques sont complexes et impliquent des incertitudes émergeant des interactions entre les composantes biophysiques et sociales du système. Face à la complexité et à l'incertitude croissantes, l'engagement des parties prenantes dans l'avenir est important pour manœuvrer de manière proactive vers des résultats souhaitables. En nous concentrant sur les défis interdépendants de la sécurité alimentaire et de la conservation de la biodiversité, nous avons mené un exercice de planification de scénarios participatifs dans un paysage rural du sud-ouest de l'Éthiopie. Nous avons impliqué 35 organisations de parties prenantes dans de multiples ateliers pour construire des diagrammes de boucle causale, susciter des incertitudes critiques et rédiger des scénarios narratifs. De manière conjointe, nous avons développé quatre scénarios futurs plausibles pour le paysage étudié : (1) gain sur grain : cultures de rente locales ; (2) extraction d'or vert : investisseurs dans le café ; (3) café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère ; et (4) alimentation d'abord : agriculture intensive et protection des forêts. Ces scénarios diffèrent en ce qui concerne leur principale dynamique socio-économique ainsi que leurs résultats en matière de sécurité alimentaire et de biodiversité. Fait important, trois des quatre scénarios, à l'exception de « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère », visaient à accroître l'efficacité de la production agricole par l'intensification, la spécialisation et l'intégration du marché. En revanche, « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère » était motivé par des méthodes de production agroécologique qui soutiennent des moyens de subsistance diversifiés, un paysage multifonctionnel, le maintien du capital naturel, un système de gouvernance qui soutient les populations locales et la résilience socio-écologique. Des trajectoires agroécologiques similaires ont été préconisées comme souhaitables pour le développement durable dans de nombreux autres systèmes de petites exploitations agricoles dans le monde. Compte tenu de moins de compromis et de meilleurs résultats en matière d'équité, il semble qu'une voie de développement agroécologique ait de bonnes chances de générer des synergies entre la sécurité alimentaire et la conservation de la biodiversité. Les voies donnant la priorité à l'efficacité agricole, en revanche, sont plus susceptibles de dégrader le capital naturel et de causer des inégalités sociales. Los sistemas socioecológicos son complejos e implican incertidumbres que surgen de las interacciones entre los componentes del sistema biofísico y social. Ante la creciente complejidad e incertidumbre, el compromiso de las partes interesadas con el futuro es importante para maniobrar de manera proactiva hacia resultados deseables. Centrándonos en los desafíos interrelacionados de la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad, realizamos un ejercicio participativo de planificación de escenarios en un paisaje rural en el suroeste de Etiopía. Involucramos a 35 organizaciones de partes interesadas en múltiples talleres para construir diagramas de bucles causales, generar incertidumbres críticas y redactar narrativas de escenarios. En conjunto, desarrollamos cuatro escenarios futuros plausibles para el paisaje estudiado: (1) ganancia sobre el grano: cultivos comerciales locales; (2) minería de oro verde: inversionistas de café; (3) café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera; y (4) alimentos primero: agricultura intensiva y protección forestal. Estos escenarios difieren con respecto a sus principales dinámicas socioeconómicas, así como a sus resultados de seguridad alimentaria y biodiversidad. Es importante destacar que tres de los cuatro escenarios, es decir, todos excepto "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera", se centraron en aumentar la eficiencia en la producción agrícola a través de la intensificación, la especialización y la integración del mercado. En contraste, "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera" fue impulsada por métodos de producción agroecológicos que apoyan medios de vida diversificados, un paisaje multifuncional, el mantenimiento del capital natural, un sistema de gobernanza que apoya a la población local y la resiliencia socioecológica. Se han defendido trayectorias agroecológicas similares como deseables para el desarrollo sostenible en muchos otros sistemas agrícolas de pequeños agricultores en todo el mundo. Dado un menor número de compensaciones y mejores resultados de equidad, parece que una vía de desarrollo agroecológico tiene una buena oportunidad de generar sinergias entre la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las vías que priorizan la eficiencia agrícola, en cambio, tienen más probabilidades de degradar el capital natural y causar desigualdad social. Social-ecological systems are complex and involve uncertainties emerging from interactions between biophysical and social system components.In the face of growing complexity and uncertainty, stakeholder engagement with the future is important to proactively manoeuvre toward desirable outcomes.Focusing on the interrelated challenges of food security and biodiversity conservation, we conducted a participatory scenario planning exercise in a rural landscape in southwestern Ethiopia.We involved 35 stakeholder organizations in multiple workshops to construct causal loop diagrams, elicit critical uncertainties, and draft scenario narratives.Jointly, we developed four plausible future scenarios for the studied landscape: (1) gain over grain: local cash crops; (2) mining green gold: coffee investors; (3) coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve; and (4) food first: intensive farming and forest protection.These scenarios differ with respect to their main social-economic dynamics as well as their food security and biodiversity outcomes.Importantly, three of the four scenarios, i.e., all except "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve," focused on increasing efficiency in agricultural production through intensification, specialization, and market integration.In contrast, "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve" was driven by agroecological production methods that support diversified livelihoods, a multifunctional landscape, maintenance of natural capital, a governance system that supports local people, and social-ecological resilience.Similar agroecological trajectories have been advocated as desirable for sustainable development in numerous other smallholder farming systems worldwide.Given fewer trade-offs and better equity outcomes, it appears that an agroecological development pathway stands a good chance of generating synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.Pathways prioritizing agricultural efficiency, in contrast, are more likely to degrade natural capital and cause social inequity. النظم الاجتماعية والبيئية معقدة وتنطوي على أوجه عدم يقين ناشئة عن التفاعلات بين مكونات النظام البيوفيزيائي والاجتماعي. في مواجهة التعقيد المتزايد وعدم اليقين، فإن مشاركة أصحاب المصلحة في المستقبل مهمة للمناورة بشكل استباقي نحو تحقيق النتائج المرجوة. مع التركيز على التحديات المترابطة للأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي، أجرينا تمرين تخطيط السيناريو التشاركي في مشهد ريفي في جنوب غرب إثيوبيا. لقد أشركنا 35 منظمة من أصحاب المصلحة في ورش عمل متعددة لبناء مخططات الحلقة السببية، وإثارة أوجه عدم اليقين الحرجة، وصياغة سرد السيناريوهات. بشكل مشترك، قمنا بتطوير أربعة سيناريوهات مستقبلية معقولة للمشهد المدروس: (1) الكسب على الحبوب: المحاصيل النقدية المحلية ؛ (2) تعدين الذهب الأخضر: مستثمرو القهوة ؛ (3) القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي ؛ و (4) الغذاء أولاً: الزراعة المكثفة وحماية الغابات. تختلف هذه السيناريوهات فيما يتعلق بديناميكياتها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الرئيسية وكذلك أمنها الغذائي ونتائج التنوع البيولوجي. الأهم من ذلك، أن ثلاثة من السيناريوهات الأربعة، أي جميعها باستثناء "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي"، تركز على زيادة الكفاءة في الإنتاج الزراعي من خلال التكثيف والتخصص وتكامل السوق. على النقيض من ذلك، "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي" مدفوعة بأساليب الإنتاج الزراعي الإيكولوجي التي تدعم سبل العيش المتنوعة، والمناظر الطبيعية متعددة الوظائف، والحفاظ على رأس المال الطبيعي، ونظام الحوكمة الذي يدعم السكان المحليين، والمرونة الاجتماعية والبيئية. تمت الدعوة إلى مسارات زراعية إيكولوجية مماثلة على أنها مرغوبة للتنمية المستدامة في العديد من أنظمة الزراعة الأخرى لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في جميع أنحاء العالم. وبالنظر إلى المفاضلات الأقل ونتائج الإنصاف الأفضل، يبدو أن مسار التنمية الزراعية الإيكولوجية يتمتع بفرصة جيدة لتوليد التآزر بين الأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، من المرجح أن تؤدي المسارات التي تعطي الأولوية للكفاءة الزراعية إلى تدهور رأس المال الطبيعي وتسبب عدم المساواة الاجتماعية.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Ecology and Societyarrow_drop_down
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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecology and Society
    Article
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    Ecology and Society
    Article . 2020
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    Authors: Tolera Senbeto Jiren; Jan Hanspach; Jannik Schultner; Joern Fischer; +4 Authors

    Les systèmes socio-écologiques sont complexes et impliquent des incertitudes émergeant des interactions entre les composantes biophysiques et sociales du système. Face à la complexité et à l'incertitude croissantes, l'engagement des parties prenantes dans l'avenir est important pour manœuvrer de manière proactive vers des résultats souhaitables. En nous concentrant sur les défis interdépendants de la sécurité alimentaire et de la conservation de la biodiversité, nous avons mené un exercice de planification de scénarios participatifs dans un paysage rural du sud-ouest de l'Éthiopie. Nous avons impliqué 35 organisations de parties prenantes dans de multiples ateliers pour construire des diagrammes de boucle causale, susciter des incertitudes critiques et rédiger des scénarios narratifs. De manière conjointe, nous avons développé quatre scénarios futurs plausibles pour le paysage étudié : (1) gain sur grain : cultures de rente locales ; (2) extraction d'or vert : investisseurs dans le café ; (3) café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère ; et (4) alimentation d'abord : agriculture intensive et protection des forêts. Ces scénarios diffèrent en ce qui concerne leur principale dynamique socio-économique ainsi que leurs résultats en matière de sécurité alimentaire et de biodiversité. Fait important, trois des quatre scénarios, à l'exception de « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère », visaient à accroître l'efficacité de la production agricole par l'intensification, la spécialisation et l'intégration du marché. En revanche, « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère » était motivé par des méthodes de production agroécologique qui soutiennent des moyens de subsistance diversifiés, un paysage multifonctionnel, le maintien du capital naturel, un système de gouvernance qui soutient les populations locales et la résilience socio-écologique. Des trajectoires agroécologiques similaires ont été préconisées comme souhaitables pour le développement durable dans de nombreux autres systèmes de petites exploitations agricoles dans le monde. Compte tenu de moins de compromis et de meilleurs résultats en matière d'équité, il semble qu'une voie de développement agroécologique ait de bonnes chances de générer des synergies entre la sécurité alimentaire et la conservation de la biodiversité. Les voies donnant la priorité à l'efficacité agricole, en revanche, sont plus susceptibles de dégrader le capital naturel et de causer des inégalités sociales. Los sistemas socioecológicos son complejos e implican incertidumbres que surgen de las interacciones entre los componentes del sistema biofísico y social. Ante la creciente complejidad e incertidumbre, el compromiso de las partes interesadas con el futuro es importante para maniobrar de manera proactiva hacia resultados deseables. Centrándonos en los desafíos interrelacionados de la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad, realizamos un ejercicio participativo de planificación de escenarios en un paisaje rural en el suroeste de Etiopía. Involucramos a 35 organizaciones de partes interesadas en múltiples talleres para construir diagramas de bucles causales, generar incertidumbres críticas y redactar narrativas de escenarios. En conjunto, desarrollamos cuatro escenarios futuros plausibles para el paisaje estudiado: (1) ganancia sobre el grano: cultivos comerciales locales; (2) minería de oro verde: inversionistas de café; (3) café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera; y (4) alimentos primero: agricultura intensiva y protección forestal. Estos escenarios difieren con respecto a sus principales dinámicas socioeconómicas, así como a sus resultados de seguridad alimentaria y biodiversidad. Es importante destacar que tres de los cuatro escenarios, es decir, todos excepto "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera", se centraron en aumentar la eficiencia en la producción agrícola a través de la intensificación, la especialización y la integración del mercado. En contraste, "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera" fue impulsada por métodos de producción agroecológicos que apoyan medios de vida diversificados, un paisaje multifuncional, el mantenimiento del capital natural, un sistema de gobernanza que apoya a la población local y la resiliencia socioecológica. Se han defendido trayectorias agroecológicas similares como deseables para el desarrollo sostenible en muchos otros sistemas agrícolas de pequeños agricultores en todo el mundo. Dado un menor número de compensaciones y mejores resultados de equidad, parece que una vía de desarrollo agroecológico tiene una buena oportunidad de generar sinergias entre la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las vías que priorizan la eficiencia agrícola, en cambio, tienen más probabilidades de degradar el capital natural y causar desigualdad social. Social-ecological systems are complex and involve uncertainties emerging from interactions between biophysical and social system components.In the face of growing complexity and uncertainty, stakeholder engagement with the future is important to proactively manoeuvre toward desirable outcomes.Focusing on the interrelated challenges of food security and biodiversity conservation, we conducted a participatory scenario planning exercise in a rural landscape in southwestern Ethiopia.We involved 35 stakeholder organizations in multiple workshops to construct causal loop diagrams, elicit critical uncertainties, and draft scenario narratives.Jointly, we developed four plausible future scenarios for the studied landscape: (1) gain over grain: local cash crops; (2) mining green gold: coffee investors; (3) coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve; and (4) food first: intensive farming and forest protection.These scenarios differ with respect to their main social-economic dynamics as well as their food security and biodiversity outcomes.Importantly, three of the four scenarios, i.e., all except "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve," focused on increasing efficiency in agricultural production through intensification, specialization, and market integration.In contrast, "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve" was driven by agroecological production methods that support diversified livelihoods, a multifunctional landscape, maintenance of natural capital, a governance system that supports local people, and social-ecological resilience.Similar agroecological trajectories have been advocated as desirable for sustainable development in numerous other smallholder farming systems worldwide.Given fewer trade-offs and better equity outcomes, it appears that an agroecological development pathway stands a good chance of generating synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.Pathways prioritizing agricultural efficiency, in contrast, are more likely to degrade natural capital and cause social inequity. النظم الاجتماعية والبيئية معقدة وتنطوي على أوجه عدم يقين ناشئة عن التفاعلات بين مكونات النظام البيوفيزيائي والاجتماعي. في مواجهة التعقيد المتزايد وعدم اليقين، فإن مشاركة أصحاب المصلحة في المستقبل مهمة للمناورة بشكل استباقي نحو تحقيق النتائج المرجوة. مع التركيز على التحديات المترابطة للأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي، أجرينا تمرين تخطيط السيناريو التشاركي في مشهد ريفي في جنوب غرب إثيوبيا. لقد أشركنا 35 منظمة من أصحاب المصلحة في ورش عمل متعددة لبناء مخططات الحلقة السببية، وإثارة أوجه عدم اليقين الحرجة، وصياغة سرد السيناريوهات. بشكل مشترك، قمنا بتطوير أربعة سيناريوهات مستقبلية معقولة للمشهد المدروس: (1) الكسب على الحبوب: المحاصيل النقدية المحلية ؛ (2) تعدين الذهب الأخضر: مستثمرو القهوة ؛ (3) القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي ؛ و (4) الغذاء أولاً: الزراعة المكثفة وحماية الغابات. تختلف هذه السيناريوهات فيما يتعلق بديناميكياتها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الرئيسية وكذلك أمنها الغذائي ونتائج التنوع البيولوجي. الأهم من ذلك، أن ثلاثة من السيناريوهات الأربعة، أي جميعها باستثناء "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي"، تركز على زيادة الكفاءة في الإنتاج الزراعي من خلال التكثيف والتخصص وتكامل السوق. على النقيض من ذلك، "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي" مدفوعة بأساليب الإنتاج الزراعي الإيكولوجي التي تدعم سبل العيش المتنوعة، والمناظر الطبيعية متعددة الوظائف، والحفاظ على رأس المال الطبيعي، ونظام الحوكمة الذي يدعم السكان المحليين، والمرونة الاجتماعية والبيئية. تمت الدعوة إلى مسارات زراعية إيكولوجية مماثلة على أنها مرغوبة للتنمية المستدامة في العديد من أنظمة الزراعة الأخرى لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في جميع أنحاء العالم. وبالنظر إلى المفاضلات الأقل ونتائج الإنصاف الأفضل، يبدو أن مسار التنمية الزراعية الإيكولوجية يتمتع بفرصة جيدة لتوليد التآزر بين الأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، من المرجح أن تؤدي المسارات التي تعطي الأولوية للكفاءة الزراعية إلى تدهور رأس المال الطبيعي وتسبب عدم المساواة الاجتماعية.

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    Authors: H. von Wehrden; Harald Heinrichs; Jan Hanspach; David J. Abson; +8 Authors

    Ecosystem services research has become a major academic field, drawing in various academic disciplines, perspectives, and research approaches. The multifaceted concept of "ecosystem services" includes a normative component, which has strong implicit links to the notion of sustainability. Yet, how ecosystem services research relates to sustainability has received little attention. We reviewed the current state of research on ecosystem services, and examined whether the concept's original motivation has allowed it to act as an effective boundary object for the integration of the diverse knowledge related to sustainability. A full-text, multivariate statistical analysis of 1388 peer-reviewed publications on ecosystem services from 1997 to 2011 revealed a rapidly growing but fragmented body of research, which has emphasized the development of descriptive understandings of human-nature interactions. Future challenges for the ecosystem services concept include greater integration of currently fragmented knowledge domains and stronger engagement with the concept's normative foundations. ?? 2014 Elsevier B.V.

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      Ecological Economics
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    Authors: H. von Wehrden; Harald Heinrichs; Jan Hanspach; David J. Abson; +8 Authors

    Ecosystem services research has become a major academic field, drawing in various academic disciplines, perspectives, and research approaches. The multifaceted concept of "ecosystem services" includes a normative component, which has strong implicit links to the notion of sustainability. Yet, how ecosystem services research relates to sustainability has received little attention. We reviewed the current state of research on ecosystem services, and examined whether the concept's original motivation has allowed it to act as an effective boundary object for the integration of the diverse knowledge related to sustainability. A full-text, multivariate statistical analysis of 1388 peer-reviewed publications on ecosystem services from 1997 to 2011 revealed a rapidly growing but fragmented body of research, which has emphasized the development of descriptive understandings of human-nature interactions. Future challenges for the ecosystem services concept include greater integration of currently fragmented knowledge domains and stronger engagement with the concept's normative foundations. ?? 2014 Elsevier B.V.

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    Authors: Joern Fischer; Brad Law; Tara G. Martin; Jan Hanspach; +3 Authors

    (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Schemes designed to make farming landscapes less hostile to wildlife have been questioned because target taxa do not always respond in the expected manner. Microbats are often overlooked in this process, yet persist in agricultural landscapes and exert top-down control of crop pests. We investigated the relationship between microbats and measures commonly incorporated into agri-environment schemes, to derive management recommendations for their ongoing conservation. We used acoustic detectors to quantify bat species richness, activity, and feeding in 32 linear remnants and adjacent fields across an agricultural region of New South Wales, Australia. Nocturnal arthropods were simultaneously trapped using black-light traps. We recorded 91,969 bat calls, 17,277 of which could be attributed to one of the 13 taxa recorded, and 491 calls contained feeding buzzes. The linear remnants supported higher bat activity than the fields, but species richness and feeding activity did not significantly differ. We trapped a mean 87.6 g (617.6 g SE) of arthropods per night, but found no differences in biomass between land uses. Wider linear remnants with intact native vegetation supported more bat species, as did those adjacent to unsealed, as opposed to sealed roads. Fields of unimproved native pastures, with more retained scattered trees and associated hollows and logs, supported the greatest bat species richness and activity. We conclude that the juxtaposition of linear remnants of intact vegetation and scattered trees in fields, coupled with less-intensive land uses such as unimproved pastures will benefit bat communities in agricultural landscapes, and should be incorporated into agri-environment schemes. In contrast, sealed roads may act as a deterrent. The ''wildlife friendly farming'' vs ''land sparing'' debate has so far primarily focussed on birds, but here we have found evidence that the integration of both approaches could particularly benefit bats.

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    Authors: Joern Fischer; Brad Law; Tara G. Martin; Jan Hanspach; +3 Authors

    (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Schemes designed to make farming landscapes less hostile to wildlife have been questioned because target taxa do not always respond in the expected manner. Microbats are often overlooked in this process, yet persist in agricultural landscapes and exert top-down control of crop pests. We investigated the relationship between microbats and measures commonly incorporated into agri-environment schemes, to derive management recommendations for their ongoing conservation. We used acoustic detectors to quantify bat species richness, activity, and feeding in 32 linear remnants and adjacent fields across an agricultural region of New South Wales, Australia. Nocturnal arthropods were simultaneously trapped using black-light traps. We recorded 91,969 bat calls, 17,277 of which could be attributed to one of the 13 taxa recorded, and 491 calls contained feeding buzzes. The linear remnants supported higher bat activity than the fields, but species richness and feeding activity did not significantly differ. We trapped a mean 87.6 g (617.6 g SE) of arthropods per night, but found no differences in biomass between land uses. Wider linear remnants with intact native vegetation supported more bat species, as did those adjacent to unsealed, as opposed to sealed roads. Fields of unimproved native pastures, with more retained scattered trees and associated hollows and logs, supported the greatest bat species richness and activity. We conclude that the juxtaposition of linear remnants of intact vegetation and scattered trees in fields, coupled with less-intensive land uses such as unimproved pastures will benefit bat communities in agricultural landscapes, and should be incorporated into agri-environment schemes. In contrast, sealed roads may act as a deterrent. The ''wildlife friendly farming'' vs ''land sparing'' debate has so far primarily focussed on birds, but here we have found evidence that the integration of both approaches could particularly benefit bats.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PLoS ONE
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2012
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      Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
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      ZENODO
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      ZENODO
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hanspach, Jan; Abson, David J; Collier, Neil; Dorresteijn, Ine; +2 Authors

    Providing universal food security and conserving biodiversity are prominent challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Typically, these challenges are believed to involve a trade‐off, especially in farming landscapes of the Global South. We conducted a multivariate analysis of social–ecological data from 110 landscapes in the Global South, and found that different system characteristics lead to partly predictable outcomes, resulting either in trade‐offs or, unexpectedly, in synergies (mutual benefits) between food security and biodiversity. Specifically, these synergies are fostered by social equity, by reliable access to local land, and by increasing social capital (eg maintenance of traditions) and human capital (eg health). In contrast, we also found high degrees of food security in landscapes with adequate infrastructure, market access, and financial capital, but this increased security came at the expense of biodiversity. Our findings demonstrate that a social–ecological systems perspective can help to identify previously unrecognized synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hanspach, Jan; Abson, David J; Collier, Neil; Dorresteijn, Ine; +2 Authors

    Providing universal food security and conserving biodiversity are prominent challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Typically, these challenges are believed to involve a trade‐off, especially in farming landscapes of the Global South. We conducted a multivariate analysis of social–ecological data from 110 landscapes in the Global South, and found that different system characteristics lead to partly predictable outcomes, resulting either in trade‐offs or, unexpectedly, in synergies (mutual benefits) between food security and biodiversity. Specifically, these synergies are fostered by social equity, by reliable access to local land, and by increasing social capital (eg maintenance of traditions) and human capital (eg health). In contrast, we also found high degrees of food security in landscapes with adequate infrastructure, market access, and financial capital, but this increased security came at the expense of biodiversity. Our findings demonstrate that a social–ecological systems perspective can help to identify previously unrecognized synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fischer, Jörn; Bergsten, Arvid; Dorresteijn, Ine; Hanspach, Jan; +7 Authors

    We studied food security and biodiversity conservation from a social-ecological perspective in southwestern Ethiopia. Specialist tree, bird, and mammal species required large, undisturbed forest, supporting the notion of ‘land sparing’ for conservation. However, our findings also suggest that forest areas should be embedded within a multifunctional landscape matrix (i.e. ‘land sharing’), because farmland also supported many species and ecosystem services and was the basis of diversified livelihoods. Diversified livelihoods improved smallholder food security, while lack of access to capital assets and crop raiding by wild forest animals negatively influenced food security. Food and biodiversity governance lacked coordination and was strongly hierarchical, with relatively few stakeholders being highly powerful. Our study shows that issues of livelihoods, access to resources, governance and equity are central when resolving challenges around food security and biodiversity. A multi-facetted, social-ecological approach is better able to capture such complexity than the conventional, two-dimensional land sparing versus sharing framework.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
      Collection . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fischer, Jörn; Bergsten, Arvid; Dorresteijn, Ine; Hanspach, Jan; +7 Authors

    We studied food security and biodiversity conservation from a social-ecological perspective in southwestern Ethiopia. Specialist tree, bird, and mammal species required large, undisturbed forest, supporting the notion of ‘land sparing’ for conservation. However, our findings also suggest that forest areas should be embedded within a multifunctional landscape matrix (i.e. ‘land sharing’), because farmland also supported many species and ecosystem services and was the basis of diversified livelihoods. Diversified livelihoods improved smallholder food security, while lack of access to capital assets and crop raiding by wild forest animals negatively influenced food security. Food and biodiversity governance lacked coordination and was strongly hierarchical, with relatively few stakeholders being highly powerful. Our study shows that issues of livelihoods, access to resources, governance and equity are central when resolving challenges around food security and biodiversity. A multi-facetted, social-ecological approach is better able to capture such complexity than the conventional, two-dimensional land sparing versus sharing framework.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
    Collection . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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6 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pompe, S.; Hanspach, J.; Badeck, F.; Klotz, S.; +2 Authors

    We present niche-based modelling to project the distribution of 845 European plant species for Germany using three different models and three scenarios of climate and land use changes up to 2080. Projected changes suggested large effects over the coming decades, with consequences for the German flora. Even under a moderate scenario (approx. +2.2°C), 15–19% (across models) of the species we studied could be lost locally—averaged from 2995 grid cells in Germany. Models projected strong spatially varying impacts on the species composition. In particular, the eastern and southwestern parts of Germany were affected by species loss. Scenarios were characterized by an increased number of species occupying small ranges, as evidenced by changes in range-size rarity scores. It is anticipated that species with small ranges will be especially vulnerable to future climate change and other ecological stresses.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biology Lettersarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Biology Letters
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biology Letters
    Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Biology Letters
    Article . 2008
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biology Lettersarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Biology Letters
      Article
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biology Letters
      Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Biology Letters
      Article . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pompe, S.; Hanspach, J.; Badeck, F.; Klotz, S.; +2 Authors

    We present niche-based modelling to project the distribution of 845 European plant species for Germany using three different models and three scenarios of climate and land use changes up to 2080. Projected changes suggested large effects over the coming decades, with consequences for the German flora. Even under a moderate scenario (approx. +2.2°C), 15–19% (across models) of the species we studied could be lost locally—averaged from 2995 grid cells in Germany. Models projected strong spatially varying impacts on the species composition. In particular, the eastern and southwestern parts of Germany were affected by species loss. Scenarios were characterized by an increased number of species occupying small ranges, as evidenced by changes in range-size rarity scores. It is anticipated that species with small ranges will be especially vulnerable to future climate change and other ecological stresses.

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    Authors: Tolera Senbeto Jiren; Jan Hanspach; Jannik Schultner; Joern Fischer; +4 Authors

    Les systèmes socio-écologiques sont complexes et impliquent des incertitudes émergeant des interactions entre les composantes biophysiques et sociales du système. Face à la complexité et à l'incertitude croissantes, l'engagement des parties prenantes dans l'avenir est important pour manœuvrer de manière proactive vers des résultats souhaitables. En nous concentrant sur les défis interdépendants de la sécurité alimentaire et de la conservation de la biodiversité, nous avons mené un exercice de planification de scénarios participatifs dans un paysage rural du sud-ouest de l'Éthiopie. Nous avons impliqué 35 organisations de parties prenantes dans de multiples ateliers pour construire des diagrammes de boucle causale, susciter des incertitudes critiques et rédiger des scénarios narratifs. De manière conjointe, nous avons développé quatre scénarios futurs plausibles pour le paysage étudié : (1) gain sur grain : cultures de rente locales ; (2) extraction d'or vert : investisseurs dans le café ; (3) café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère ; et (4) alimentation d'abord : agriculture intensive et protection des forêts. Ces scénarios diffèrent en ce qui concerne leur principale dynamique socio-économique ainsi que leurs résultats en matière de sécurité alimentaire et de biodiversité. Fait important, trois des quatre scénarios, à l'exception de « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère », visaient à accroître l'efficacité de la production agricole par l'intensification, la spécialisation et l'intégration du marché. En revanche, « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère » était motivé par des méthodes de production agroécologique qui soutiennent des moyens de subsistance diversifiés, un paysage multifonctionnel, le maintien du capital naturel, un système de gouvernance qui soutient les populations locales et la résilience socio-écologique. Des trajectoires agroécologiques similaires ont été préconisées comme souhaitables pour le développement durable dans de nombreux autres systèmes de petites exploitations agricoles dans le monde. Compte tenu de moins de compromis et de meilleurs résultats en matière d'équité, il semble qu'une voie de développement agroécologique ait de bonnes chances de générer des synergies entre la sécurité alimentaire et la conservation de la biodiversité. Les voies donnant la priorité à l'efficacité agricole, en revanche, sont plus susceptibles de dégrader le capital naturel et de causer des inégalités sociales. Los sistemas socioecológicos son complejos e implican incertidumbres que surgen de las interacciones entre los componentes del sistema biofísico y social. Ante la creciente complejidad e incertidumbre, el compromiso de las partes interesadas con el futuro es importante para maniobrar de manera proactiva hacia resultados deseables. Centrándonos en los desafíos interrelacionados de la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad, realizamos un ejercicio participativo de planificación de escenarios en un paisaje rural en el suroeste de Etiopía. Involucramos a 35 organizaciones de partes interesadas en múltiples talleres para construir diagramas de bucles causales, generar incertidumbres críticas y redactar narrativas de escenarios. En conjunto, desarrollamos cuatro escenarios futuros plausibles para el paisaje estudiado: (1) ganancia sobre el grano: cultivos comerciales locales; (2) minería de oro verde: inversionistas de café; (3) café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera; y (4) alimentos primero: agricultura intensiva y protección forestal. Estos escenarios difieren con respecto a sus principales dinámicas socioeconómicas, así como a sus resultados de seguridad alimentaria y biodiversidad. Es importante destacar que tres de los cuatro escenarios, es decir, todos excepto "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera", se centraron en aumentar la eficiencia en la producción agrícola a través de la intensificación, la especialización y la integración del mercado. En contraste, "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera" fue impulsada por métodos de producción agroecológicos que apoyan medios de vida diversificados, un paisaje multifuncional, el mantenimiento del capital natural, un sistema de gobernanza que apoya a la población local y la resiliencia socioecológica. Se han defendido trayectorias agroecológicas similares como deseables para el desarrollo sostenible en muchos otros sistemas agrícolas de pequeños agricultores en todo el mundo. Dado un menor número de compensaciones y mejores resultados de equidad, parece que una vía de desarrollo agroecológico tiene una buena oportunidad de generar sinergias entre la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las vías que priorizan la eficiencia agrícola, en cambio, tienen más probabilidades de degradar el capital natural y causar desigualdad social. Social-ecological systems are complex and involve uncertainties emerging from interactions between biophysical and social system components.In the face of growing complexity and uncertainty, stakeholder engagement with the future is important to proactively manoeuvre toward desirable outcomes.Focusing on the interrelated challenges of food security and biodiversity conservation, we conducted a participatory scenario planning exercise in a rural landscape in southwestern Ethiopia.We involved 35 stakeholder organizations in multiple workshops to construct causal loop diagrams, elicit critical uncertainties, and draft scenario narratives.Jointly, we developed four plausible future scenarios for the studied landscape: (1) gain over grain: local cash crops; (2) mining green gold: coffee investors; (3) coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve; and (4) food first: intensive farming and forest protection.These scenarios differ with respect to their main social-economic dynamics as well as their food security and biodiversity outcomes.Importantly, three of the four scenarios, i.e., all except "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve," focused on increasing efficiency in agricultural production through intensification, specialization, and market integration.In contrast, "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve" was driven by agroecological production methods that support diversified livelihoods, a multifunctional landscape, maintenance of natural capital, a governance system that supports local people, and social-ecological resilience.Similar agroecological trajectories have been advocated as desirable for sustainable development in numerous other smallholder farming systems worldwide.Given fewer trade-offs and better equity outcomes, it appears that an agroecological development pathway stands a good chance of generating synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.Pathways prioritizing agricultural efficiency, in contrast, are more likely to degrade natural capital and cause social inequity. النظم الاجتماعية والبيئية معقدة وتنطوي على أوجه عدم يقين ناشئة عن التفاعلات بين مكونات النظام البيوفيزيائي والاجتماعي. في مواجهة التعقيد المتزايد وعدم اليقين، فإن مشاركة أصحاب المصلحة في المستقبل مهمة للمناورة بشكل استباقي نحو تحقيق النتائج المرجوة. مع التركيز على التحديات المترابطة للأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي، أجرينا تمرين تخطيط السيناريو التشاركي في مشهد ريفي في جنوب غرب إثيوبيا. لقد أشركنا 35 منظمة من أصحاب المصلحة في ورش عمل متعددة لبناء مخططات الحلقة السببية، وإثارة أوجه عدم اليقين الحرجة، وصياغة سرد السيناريوهات. بشكل مشترك، قمنا بتطوير أربعة سيناريوهات مستقبلية معقولة للمشهد المدروس: (1) الكسب على الحبوب: المحاصيل النقدية المحلية ؛ (2) تعدين الذهب الأخضر: مستثمرو القهوة ؛ (3) القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي ؛ و (4) الغذاء أولاً: الزراعة المكثفة وحماية الغابات. تختلف هذه السيناريوهات فيما يتعلق بديناميكياتها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الرئيسية وكذلك أمنها الغذائي ونتائج التنوع البيولوجي. الأهم من ذلك، أن ثلاثة من السيناريوهات الأربعة، أي جميعها باستثناء "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي"، تركز على زيادة الكفاءة في الإنتاج الزراعي من خلال التكثيف والتخصص وتكامل السوق. على النقيض من ذلك، "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي" مدفوعة بأساليب الإنتاج الزراعي الإيكولوجي التي تدعم سبل العيش المتنوعة، والمناظر الطبيعية متعددة الوظائف، والحفاظ على رأس المال الطبيعي، ونظام الحوكمة الذي يدعم السكان المحليين، والمرونة الاجتماعية والبيئية. تمت الدعوة إلى مسارات زراعية إيكولوجية مماثلة على أنها مرغوبة للتنمية المستدامة في العديد من أنظمة الزراعة الأخرى لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في جميع أنحاء العالم. وبالنظر إلى المفاضلات الأقل ونتائج الإنصاف الأفضل، يبدو أن مسار التنمية الزراعية الإيكولوجية يتمتع بفرصة جيدة لتوليد التآزر بين الأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، من المرجح أن تؤدي المسارات التي تعطي الأولوية للكفاءة الزراعية إلى تدهور رأس المال الطبيعي وتسبب عدم المساواة الاجتماعية.

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    Authors: Tolera Senbeto Jiren; Jan Hanspach; Jannik Schultner; Joern Fischer; +4 Authors

    Les systèmes socio-écologiques sont complexes et impliquent des incertitudes émergeant des interactions entre les composantes biophysiques et sociales du système. Face à la complexité et à l'incertitude croissantes, l'engagement des parties prenantes dans l'avenir est important pour manœuvrer de manière proactive vers des résultats souhaitables. En nous concentrant sur les défis interdépendants de la sécurité alimentaire et de la conservation de la biodiversité, nous avons mené un exercice de planification de scénarios participatifs dans un paysage rural du sud-ouest de l'Éthiopie. Nous avons impliqué 35 organisations de parties prenantes dans de multiples ateliers pour construire des diagrammes de boucle causale, susciter des incertitudes critiques et rédiger des scénarios narratifs. De manière conjointe, nous avons développé quatre scénarios futurs plausibles pour le paysage étudié : (1) gain sur grain : cultures de rente locales ; (2) extraction d'or vert : investisseurs dans le café ; (3) café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère ; et (4) alimentation d'abord : agriculture intensive et protection des forêts. Ces scénarios diffèrent en ce qui concerne leur principale dynamique socio-économique ainsi que leurs résultats en matière de sécurité alimentaire et de biodiversité. Fait important, trois des quatre scénarios, à l'exception de « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère », visaient à accroître l'efficacité de la production agricole par l'intensification, la spécialisation et l'intégration du marché. En revanche, « café et conservation : une réserve de biosphère » était motivé par des méthodes de production agroécologique qui soutiennent des moyens de subsistance diversifiés, un paysage multifonctionnel, le maintien du capital naturel, un système de gouvernance qui soutient les populations locales et la résilience socio-écologique. Des trajectoires agroécologiques similaires ont été préconisées comme souhaitables pour le développement durable dans de nombreux autres systèmes de petites exploitations agricoles dans le monde. Compte tenu de moins de compromis et de meilleurs résultats en matière d'équité, il semble qu'une voie de développement agroécologique ait de bonnes chances de générer des synergies entre la sécurité alimentaire et la conservation de la biodiversité. Les voies donnant la priorité à l'efficacité agricole, en revanche, sont plus susceptibles de dégrader le capital naturel et de causer des inégalités sociales. Los sistemas socioecológicos son complejos e implican incertidumbres que surgen de las interacciones entre los componentes del sistema biofísico y social. Ante la creciente complejidad e incertidumbre, el compromiso de las partes interesadas con el futuro es importante para maniobrar de manera proactiva hacia resultados deseables. Centrándonos en los desafíos interrelacionados de la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad, realizamos un ejercicio participativo de planificación de escenarios en un paisaje rural en el suroeste de Etiopía. Involucramos a 35 organizaciones de partes interesadas en múltiples talleres para construir diagramas de bucles causales, generar incertidumbres críticas y redactar narrativas de escenarios. En conjunto, desarrollamos cuatro escenarios futuros plausibles para el paisaje estudiado: (1) ganancia sobre el grano: cultivos comerciales locales; (2) minería de oro verde: inversionistas de café; (3) café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera; y (4) alimentos primero: agricultura intensiva y protección forestal. Estos escenarios difieren con respecto a sus principales dinámicas socioeconómicas, así como a sus resultados de seguridad alimentaria y biodiversidad. Es importante destacar que tres de los cuatro escenarios, es decir, todos excepto "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera", se centraron en aumentar la eficiencia en la producción agrícola a través de la intensificación, la especialización y la integración del mercado. En contraste, "café y conservación: una reserva de biosfera" fue impulsada por métodos de producción agroecológicos que apoyan medios de vida diversificados, un paisaje multifuncional, el mantenimiento del capital natural, un sistema de gobernanza que apoya a la población local y la resiliencia socioecológica. Se han defendido trayectorias agroecológicas similares como deseables para el desarrollo sostenible en muchos otros sistemas agrícolas de pequeños agricultores en todo el mundo. Dado un menor número de compensaciones y mejores resultados de equidad, parece que una vía de desarrollo agroecológico tiene una buena oportunidad de generar sinergias entre la seguridad alimentaria y la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las vías que priorizan la eficiencia agrícola, en cambio, tienen más probabilidades de degradar el capital natural y causar desigualdad social. Social-ecological systems are complex and involve uncertainties emerging from interactions between biophysical and social system components.In the face of growing complexity and uncertainty, stakeholder engagement with the future is important to proactively manoeuvre toward desirable outcomes.Focusing on the interrelated challenges of food security and biodiversity conservation, we conducted a participatory scenario planning exercise in a rural landscape in southwestern Ethiopia.We involved 35 stakeholder organizations in multiple workshops to construct causal loop diagrams, elicit critical uncertainties, and draft scenario narratives.Jointly, we developed four plausible future scenarios for the studied landscape: (1) gain over grain: local cash crops; (2) mining green gold: coffee investors; (3) coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve; and (4) food first: intensive farming and forest protection.These scenarios differ with respect to their main social-economic dynamics as well as their food security and biodiversity outcomes.Importantly, three of the four scenarios, i.e., all except "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve," focused on increasing efficiency in agricultural production through intensification, specialization, and market integration.In contrast, "coffee and conservation: a biosphere reserve" was driven by agroecological production methods that support diversified livelihoods, a multifunctional landscape, maintenance of natural capital, a governance system that supports local people, and social-ecological resilience.Similar agroecological trajectories have been advocated as desirable for sustainable development in numerous other smallholder farming systems worldwide.Given fewer trade-offs and better equity outcomes, it appears that an agroecological development pathway stands a good chance of generating synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.Pathways prioritizing agricultural efficiency, in contrast, are more likely to degrade natural capital and cause social inequity. النظم الاجتماعية والبيئية معقدة وتنطوي على أوجه عدم يقين ناشئة عن التفاعلات بين مكونات النظام البيوفيزيائي والاجتماعي. في مواجهة التعقيد المتزايد وعدم اليقين، فإن مشاركة أصحاب المصلحة في المستقبل مهمة للمناورة بشكل استباقي نحو تحقيق النتائج المرجوة. مع التركيز على التحديات المترابطة للأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي، أجرينا تمرين تخطيط السيناريو التشاركي في مشهد ريفي في جنوب غرب إثيوبيا. لقد أشركنا 35 منظمة من أصحاب المصلحة في ورش عمل متعددة لبناء مخططات الحلقة السببية، وإثارة أوجه عدم اليقين الحرجة، وصياغة سرد السيناريوهات. بشكل مشترك، قمنا بتطوير أربعة سيناريوهات مستقبلية معقولة للمشهد المدروس: (1) الكسب على الحبوب: المحاصيل النقدية المحلية ؛ (2) تعدين الذهب الأخضر: مستثمرو القهوة ؛ (3) القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي ؛ و (4) الغذاء أولاً: الزراعة المكثفة وحماية الغابات. تختلف هذه السيناريوهات فيما يتعلق بديناميكياتها الاجتماعية والاقتصادية الرئيسية وكذلك أمنها الغذائي ونتائج التنوع البيولوجي. الأهم من ذلك، أن ثلاثة من السيناريوهات الأربعة، أي جميعها باستثناء "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي"، تركز على زيادة الكفاءة في الإنتاج الزراعي من خلال التكثيف والتخصص وتكامل السوق. على النقيض من ذلك، "القهوة والحفظ: محمية المحيط الحيوي" مدفوعة بأساليب الإنتاج الزراعي الإيكولوجي التي تدعم سبل العيش المتنوعة، والمناظر الطبيعية متعددة الوظائف، والحفاظ على رأس المال الطبيعي، ونظام الحوكمة الذي يدعم السكان المحليين، والمرونة الاجتماعية والبيئية. تمت الدعوة إلى مسارات زراعية إيكولوجية مماثلة على أنها مرغوبة للتنمية المستدامة في العديد من أنظمة الزراعة الأخرى لأصحاب الحيازات الصغيرة في جميع أنحاء العالم. وبالنظر إلى المفاضلات الأقل ونتائج الإنصاف الأفضل، يبدو أن مسار التنمية الزراعية الإيكولوجية يتمتع بفرصة جيدة لتوليد التآزر بين الأمن الغذائي والحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، من المرجح أن تؤدي المسارات التي تعطي الأولوية للكفاءة الزراعية إلى تدهور رأس المال الطبيعي وتسبب عدم المساواة الاجتماعية.

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    Authors: H. von Wehrden; Harald Heinrichs; Jan Hanspach; David J. Abson; +8 Authors

    Ecosystem services research has become a major academic field, drawing in various academic disciplines, perspectives, and research approaches. The multifaceted concept of "ecosystem services" includes a normative component, which has strong implicit links to the notion of sustainability. Yet, how ecosystem services research relates to sustainability has received little attention. We reviewed the current state of research on ecosystem services, and examined whether the concept's original motivation has allowed it to act as an effective boundary object for the integration of the diverse knowledge related to sustainability. A full-text, multivariate statistical analysis of 1388 peer-reviewed publications on ecosystem services from 1997 to 2011 revealed a rapidly growing but fragmented body of research, which has emphasized the development of descriptive understandings of human-nature interactions. Future challenges for the ecosystem services concept include greater integration of currently fragmented knowledge domains and stronger engagement with the concept's normative foundations. ?? 2014 Elsevier B.V.

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    Authors: H. von Wehrden; Harald Heinrichs; Jan Hanspach; David J. Abson; +8 Authors

    Ecosystem services research has become a major academic field, drawing in various academic disciplines, perspectives, and research approaches. The multifaceted concept of "ecosystem services" includes a normative component, which has strong implicit links to the notion of sustainability. Yet, how ecosystem services research relates to sustainability has received little attention. We reviewed the current state of research on ecosystem services, and examined whether the concept's original motivation has allowed it to act as an effective boundary object for the integration of the diverse knowledge related to sustainability. A full-text, multivariate statistical analysis of 1388 peer-reviewed publications on ecosystem services from 1997 to 2011 revealed a rapidly growing but fragmented body of research, which has emphasized the development of descriptive understandings of human-nature interactions. Future challenges for the ecosystem services concept include greater integration of currently fragmented knowledge domains and stronger engagement with the concept's normative foundations. ?? 2014 Elsevier B.V.

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    Authors: Joern Fischer; Brad Law; Tara G. Martin; Jan Hanspach; +3 Authors

    (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Schemes designed to make farming landscapes less hostile to wildlife have been questioned because target taxa do not always respond in the expected manner. Microbats are often overlooked in this process, yet persist in agricultural landscapes and exert top-down control of crop pests. We investigated the relationship between microbats and measures commonly incorporated into agri-environment schemes, to derive management recommendations for their ongoing conservation. We used acoustic detectors to quantify bat species richness, activity, and feeding in 32 linear remnants and adjacent fields across an agricultural region of New South Wales, Australia. Nocturnal arthropods were simultaneously trapped using black-light traps. We recorded 91,969 bat calls, 17,277 of which could be attributed to one of the 13 taxa recorded, and 491 calls contained feeding buzzes. The linear remnants supported higher bat activity than the fields, but species richness and feeding activity did not significantly differ. We trapped a mean 87.6 g (617.6 g SE) of arthropods per night, but found no differences in biomass between land uses. Wider linear remnants with intact native vegetation supported more bat species, as did those adjacent to unsealed, as opposed to sealed roads. Fields of unimproved native pastures, with more retained scattered trees and associated hollows and logs, supported the greatest bat species richness and activity. We conclude that the juxtaposition of linear remnants of intact vegetation and scattered trees in fields, coupled with less-intensive land uses such as unimproved pastures will benefit bat communities in agricultural landscapes, and should be incorporated into agri-environment schemes. In contrast, sealed roads may act as a deterrent. The ''wildlife friendly farming'' vs ''land sparing'' debate has so far primarily focussed on birds, but here we have found evidence that the integration of both approaches could particularly benefit bats.

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    Authors: Joern Fischer; Brad Law; Tara G. Martin; Jan Hanspach; +3 Authors

    (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Schemes designed to make farming landscapes less hostile to wildlife have been questioned because target taxa do not always respond in the expected manner. Microbats are often overlooked in this process, yet persist in agricultural landscapes and exert top-down control of crop pests. We investigated the relationship between microbats and measures commonly incorporated into agri-environment schemes, to derive management recommendations for their ongoing conservation. We used acoustic detectors to quantify bat species richness, activity, and feeding in 32 linear remnants and adjacent fields across an agricultural region of New South Wales, Australia. Nocturnal arthropods were simultaneously trapped using black-light traps. We recorded 91,969 bat calls, 17,277 of which could be attributed to one of the 13 taxa recorded, and 491 calls contained feeding buzzes. The linear remnants supported higher bat activity than the fields, but species richness and feeding activity did not significantly differ. We trapped a mean 87.6 g (617.6 g SE) of arthropods per night, but found no differences in biomass between land uses. Wider linear remnants with intact native vegetation supported more bat species, as did those adjacent to unsealed, as opposed to sealed roads. Fields of unimproved native pastures, with more retained scattered trees and associated hollows and logs, supported the greatest bat species richness and activity. We conclude that the juxtaposition of linear remnants of intact vegetation and scattered trees in fields, coupled with less-intensive land uses such as unimproved pastures will benefit bat communities in agricultural landscapes, and should be incorporated into agri-environment schemes. In contrast, sealed roads may act as a deterrent. The ''wildlife friendly farming'' vs ''land sparing'' debate has so far primarily focussed on birds, but here we have found evidence that the integration of both approaches could particularly benefit bats.

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    PLoS ONE
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    Authors: Hanspach, Jan; Abson, David J; Collier, Neil; Dorresteijn, Ine; +2 Authors

    Providing universal food security and conserving biodiversity are prominent challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Typically, these challenges are believed to involve a trade‐off, especially in farming landscapes of the Global South. We conducted a multivariate analysis of social–ecological data from 110 landscapes in the Global South, and found that different system characteristics lead to partly predictable outcomes, resulting either in trade‐offs or, unexpectedly, in synergies (mutual benefits) between food security and biodiversity. Specifically, these synergies are fostered by social equity, by reliable access to local land, and by increasing social capital (eg maintenance of traditions) and human capital (eg health). In contrast, we also found high degrees of food security in landscapes with adequate infrastructure, market access, and financial capital, but this increased security came at the expense of biodiversity. Our findings demonstrate that a social–ecological systems perspective can help to identify previously unrecognized synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.

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    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Hanspach, Jan; Abson, David J; Collier, Neil; Dorresteijn, Ine; +2 Authors

    Providing universal food security and conserving biodiversity are prominent challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Typically, these challenges are believed to involve a trade‐off, especially in farming landscapes of the Global South. We conducted a multivariate analysis of social–ecological data from 110 landscapes in the Global South, and found that different system characteristics lead to partly predictable outcomes, resulting either in trade‐offs or, unexpectedly, in synergies (mutual benefits) between food security and biodiversity. Specifically, these synergies are fostered by social equity, by reliable access to local land, and by increasing social capital (eg maintenance of traditions) and human capital (eg health). In contrast, we also found high degrees of food security in landscapes with adequate infrastructure, market access, and financial capital, but this increased security came at the expense of biodiversity. Our findings demonstrate that a social–ecological systems perspective can help to identify previously unrecognized synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Frontiers in Ecology...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fischer, Jörn; Bergsten, Arvid; Dorresteijn, Ine; Hanspach, Jan; +7 Authors

    We studied food security and biodiversity conservation from a social-ecological perspective in southwestern Ethiopia. Specialist tree, bird, and mammal species required large, undisturbed forest, supporting the notion of ‘land sparing’ for conservation. However, our findings also suggest that forest areas should be embedded within a multifunctional landscape matrix (i.e. ‘land sharing’), because farmland also supported many species and ecosystem services and was the basis of diversified livelihoods. Diversified livelihoods improved smallholder food security, while lack of access to capital assets and crop raiding by wild forest animals negatively influenced food security. Food and biodiversity governance lacked coordination and was strongly hierarchical, with relatively few stakeholders being highly powerful. Our study shows that issues of livelihoods, access to resources, governance and equity are central when resolving challenges around food security and biodiversity. A multi-facetted, social-ecological approach is better able to capture such complexity than the conventional, two-dimensional land sparing versus sharing framework.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
      Collection . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Fischer, Jörn; Bergsten, Arvid; Dorresteijn, Ine; Hanspach, Jan; +7 Authors

    We studied food security and biodiversity conservation from a social-ecological perspective in southwestern Ethiopia. Specialist tree, bird, and mammal species required large, undisturbed forest, supporting the notion of ‘land sparing’ for conservation. However, our findings also suggest that forest areas should be embedded within a multifunctional landscape matrix (i.e. ‘land sharing’), because farmland also supported many species and ecosystem services and was the basis of diversified livelihoods. Diversified livelihoods improved smallholder food security, while lack of access to capital assets and crop raiding by wild forest animals negatively influenced food security. Food and biodiversity governance lacked coordination and was strongly hierarchical, with relatively few stakeholders being highly powerful. Our study shows that issues of livelihoods, access to resources, governance and equity are central when resolving challenges around food security and biodiversity. A multi-facetted, social-ecological approach is better able to capture such complexity than the conventional, two-dimensional land sparing versus sharing framework.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
    Collection . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.48548/pu...
      Collection . 2021
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