• Energy Research

Among thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells are receiving close review by the researchers due to rapid increase in efficiency during the last decade. Mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) are easy in fabrication as well as cost-effective but these solar cells are facing challenges of stability under normal environmental conditions. Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are polycrystalline in nature but still lacking the effective optical and electrical properties, and one of the big reasons behind it is the less grain size. In this study, formamidinium lead iodide (FAI) treatment was applied along with deposition of MAPbI3. The grain size was increased which further decreased defects of film surface and grain boundary between the grains. The treatment also helped improving the crystallinity of films, as well as opto-electronic characteristics of PSCs. The FAI treated PSCs showed more resilience stability than untreated PSCs in terms of aged power conversion efficiency (PCE). The complete investigation was done by comparing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, X-ray diffraction peaks, UV-Vis absorbance and mean grain size of the FAI treated and non-FAI treated films.

High concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased dependency on photovoltaic (PV) power, but its random nature poses a challenge for system operators to precisely predict and forecast PV power. The conventional forecasting methods were accurate for clean weather. But when the PV plants worked under heavy haze, the radiation is negatively impacted and thus reducing PV power; therefore, to deal with haze weather, Air Quality Index (AQI) is introduced as a parameter to predict PV power. AQI, which is an indication of how polluted the air is, has been known to have a strong correlation with power generated by the PV panels. In this paper, a hybrid method based on the model of conventional back propagation (BP) neural network for clear weather and BP AQI model for haze weather is used to forecast PV power with conventional parameters like temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation, and an extra parameter of AQI as input. The results show that the proposed method has less error under haze condition as compared to conventional model of neural network.

With the increasing demand for solar energy as a renewable source has brought up new challenges in the field of energy. However, one of the main advantages of photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology is that it can be directly connected to the grid power generation system and meet the demand of increasing energy consumption. Large-scale PV grid-connected power generation system put forward new challenges on the stability and control of the power grid and the grid-tied photovoltaic system with an energy storage system. To overcome these problems, the PV grid-tied system consisted of 8 kW PV array with energy storage system is designed, and in this system, the battery components can be coupled with the power grid by AC or DC mode. In addition, the feasibility and flexibility of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) charge controller are verified through the dynamic model built in the residential solar PV system. Through the feasibility verification of the model control mode and the strategy control, the grid-connected PV system combined with reserve battery storage can effectively improve the stability of the system and reduce the cost of power generation. To analyze the performance of the grid-tied system, some real-time simulations are performed with the help of the system advisor model (SAM) that ensures the satisfactory working of the designed PV grid-tied System.

Durante la última década, los principales países del sur de Asia (Pakistán, India y Bangladesh) han utilizado efectivamente la electricidad eólica para evitar futuras dificultades energéticas. Sin embargo, la industria eólica está siendo influenciada por una amplia gama de factores. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo de cadena de valor para la industria de la energía eólica del sur de Asia, analizar los factores internos y externos para analizar la viabilidad de la condición actual y la hoja de ruta futura para fomentar el sector de la energía eólica mediante la adopción del modelo de Fortalezas, Debilidades, Oportunidades y Amenazas (FODA). En primer lugar, se desarrolló un nuevo modelo de cadena de valor para la industria eólica. En segundo lugar, identificamos los factores sociales, económicos y ambientales, que influyen significativamente en la competitividad y el desarrollo de la industria eólica a través de un examen claro y preciso de las fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas en la perspectiva del sur de Asia. Se identificaron y analizaron un total de 19 factores. Los resultados de la investigación indican la situación actual y las proyecciones futuras de la industria eólica en un entorno competitivo. Finalmente, sugerimos medidas políticas esenciales para estabilizar el crecimiento de la industria eólica. Este estudio servirá como punto de referencia para el desarrollo constante de la industria de la energía eólica y hacia un sur de Asia seguro y sostenible. Au cours de la dernière décennie, les principaux pays d'Asie du Sud (Pakistan, Inde et Bangladesh) ont efficacement utilisé l'électricité éolienne pour éviter de futures difficultés énergétiques. Cependant, l'industrie éolienne est influencée par un large éventail de facteurs. L'objectif de cette étude est de développer un modèle de chaîne de valeur pour l'industrie éolienne sud-asiatique, d'examiner les facteurs internes et externes pour analyser la viabilité de l'état actuel et de la feuille de route future pour favoriser le secteur de l'énergie éolienne en adoptant le modèle SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats). Tout d'abord, un nouveau modèle de chaîne de valeur a été développé pour l'industrie éolienne. Deuxièmement, nous avons identifié les facteurs sociaux, économiques et environnementaux, influençant de manière significative la compétitivité et le développement de l'industrie éolienne grâce à un examen clair et précis des forces, des faiblesses, des opportunités et des menaces dans la perspective sud-asiatique. Un total de 19 facteurs ont été identifiés et analysés. Les résultats de la recherche indiquent la situation actuelle et les projections futures de l'industrie éolienne dans un environnement concurrentiel. Enfin, nous avons suggéré des mesures politiques essentielles pour stabiliser la croissance de l'industrie éolienne. Cette étude servira de référence pour le développement constant de l'industrie éolienne et vers une Asie du Sud sûre et durable. During the last decade, the major South Asian countries (Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh) have effectively utilized wind electricity to avoid future energy predicament. However, the wind industry is being influenced by a diverse range of factors. The aim of this study is to develop a value chain model for the South Asian wind power industry, scrutinize both internal and external factors to analyze the viability of present condition and future roadmap to foster the wind energy sector by adopting Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) model. Firstly, a novel value chain model was developed for the wind industry. Secondly, we identified the social, economic, and environmental factors, significantly influencing the competitiveness and development of the wind industry through clear and precise examination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the South Asian perspective. A total of 19 factors were identified and analyzed. Research findings indicate the current situation and future projections of the wind industry in a competitive environment. Finally, we suggested essential policy measures to stabilize the wind industry's growth. This study will serve as a benchmark for the steady development of the wind power industry and towards a secure and sustainable South Asia. خلال العقد الماضي، استخدمت دول جنوب آسيا الرئيسية (باكستان والهند وبنغلاديش) بشكل فعال كهرباء الرياح لتجنب مأزق الطاقة في المستقبل. ومع ذلك، تتأثر صناعة الرياح بمجموعة متنوعة من العوامل. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تطوير نموذج سلسلة القيمة لصناعة طاقة الرياح في جنوب آسيا، والتدقيق في كل من العوامل الداخلية والخارجية لتحليل جدوى الوضع الحالي وخارطة الطريق المستقبلية لتعزيز قطاع طاقة الرياح من خلال اعتماد نموذج نقاط القوة والضعف والفرص والتهديدات (SWOT). أولاً، تم تطوير نموذج سلسلة قيمة جديد لصناعة الرياح. ثانيًا، حددنا العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والبيئية، التي تؤثر بشكل كبير على القدرة التنافسية وتطوير صناعة الرياح من خلال فحص واضح ودقيق لنقاط القوة والضعف والفرص والتهديدات من منظور جنوب آسيا. تم تحديد وتحليل ما مجموعه 19 عاملاً. تشير نتائج البحث إلى الوضع الحالي والتوقعات المستقبلية لصناعة الرياح في بيئة تنافسية. وأخيرًا، اقترحنا تدابير سياسية أساسية لتحقيق الاستقرار في نمو صناعة الرياح. ستكون هذه الدراسة بمثابة معيار للتطور المطرد لصناعة طاقة الرياح ونحو جنوب آسيا آمنة ومستدامة.

Two types of colloidal dielectric fluids with 20% concentration of nanoparticles are manufactured by dispersing SiO2 nanoparticle with transformer oil by different preparation methods in order to improve the dielectric properties of mineral oil. The AC breakdown voltage of pure oil and prepared nanofluids were measured according to IEC standard methods at 20ppm. The AC breakdown voltages of two nanofluids were 1.05 times and 1.11 that of base oil respectivelyThe possible modification mechanism of silica nanoparticles on insulating properties of transformer oil was discussed on the trap characteristics of host oil and nanofluids. The results confirmed that mineral oil modified with Silica nanoparticles hold a promise to improve its insulating properties.

Abstract High efficiency of perovskite solar cell can be obtained through various approaches, including materials and interface engineering, device modification and fabrication techniques. In all approaches, the quality of the perovskite layer has a significant impact on the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Antisolvent dripping is widely used in almost all fabrication methodologies to achieve a high-quality perovskite layer. However, in the conventional antisolvent dripping, there are several factors (antisolvent volume, time and point of dripping, etc.) to be strictly followed. Due to these difficult and critical tricks, researchers often get perovskite layers with pinholes, small grains, and wide grain boundaries that deteriorate the performance of the perovskite solar cells. In order to produce perovskite films with large-scale grains, narrow boundaries and smooth surface morphology, a sealed antisolvent-fumigated process is implemented. There is no need to make any substantial efforts to achieve optimal conditions for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite layers using the antisolvent-fumigated strategy. Consequently, the efficiency of perovskite solar cell improves dramatically from 18.65% to 21.45%. Our findings present a new and convenient method for fabricating highly efficient perovskite solar cells.