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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Joshua Iseoluwa Orege; Olayinka Oderinde; Ghebretensae Aron Kifle; Adeola Ahmed Ibikunle; +10 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Emmanuel Sunday Okeke; Oluwatosin Atinuke Olagbaju; Charles Obinwanne Okoye; Charles Izuma Addey; +10 Authors

    Bien que l'utilisation des plastiques varie selon les régions, l'Afrique est classée deuxième après l'Asie en tant que consommateur indiscernable de plastiques qui se décomposent en microplastiques. De plus, on sait peu de choses sur l'impact de ces microplastiques sur le continent africain. Cette revue donne un aperçu de ce que sont les microplastiques et de leur impact sur l'environnement en Afrique. La mauvaise gestion des déchets plastiques est à son apogée en Afrique, car le continent gère mal plus de 70 % des déchets générés quotidiennement en moyenne par le biais d'activités telles que le tourisme, la pêche et le transport des déchets d'un bout à l'autre par les voies navigables. En ce qui concerne l'impact des microplastiques sur l'environnement, nous avons constaté qu'ils facilitent de graves conséquences environnementales, telles que le développement de la toxicité des métaux au sein des organismes aquatiques et terrestres, les perturbations de la chaîne alimentaire dans l'écosystème et les problèmes de santé publique pour les humains qui consomment des fruits de mer. Alternativement, les bioplastiques sont des matériaux plastiques biodégradables et respectueux de l'environnement prometteurs qui pourraient être cruciaux pour l'expansion de l'industrie du plastique en Afrique. En outre, le continent dispose de matières premières renouvelables biosourcées largement répandues qui peuvent être exploitées pour développer des bioplastiques. Par conséquent, les polymères à base de biomasse sont des matières premières plastiques alternatives prometteuses pour la production de plastiques, car ils peuvent facilement se biodégrader et se décomposer dans les installations de compostage industriel. Aunque el uso de plásticos varía según las diferentes regiones, África ocupa el segundo lugar después de Asia como un consumidor indiscernible de plásticos que se descomponen en microplásticos. Además, se sabe poco sobre el impacto de estos microplásticos en todo el continente africano. Esta revisión proporciona información sobre qué son los microplásticos y su impacto en el medio ambiente en toda África. La mala gestión de los residuos plásticos está en su apogeo en África, ya que el continente gestiona mal más del 70% de los residuos generados diariamente en promedio a través de actividades como el turismo, la pesca y el transporte de residuos de un extremo a otro a través de vías fluviales. Con respecto al impacto de los microplásticos en el medio ambiente, encontramos que facilitan graves consecuencias ambientales, como el desarrollo de toxicidad por metales dentro de organismos acuáticos y terrestres, interrupciones de la cadena alimentaria en el ecosistema y desafíos de salud pública para los humanos que consumen mariscos. Alternativamente, los bioplásticos prometen materiales plásticos biodegradables y respetuosos con el medio ambiente que podrían ser cruciales en la expansión de la industria plástica de África. Además, el continente tiene algunas materias primas renovables de base biológica ampliamente difundidas que se pueden aprovechar para desarrollar bioplásticos. Por lo tanto, los polímeros a base de biomasa son materias primas plásticas alternativas prometedoras para la producción de plásticos porque pueden biodegradarse y descomponerse fácilmente en instalaciones de compost industrial. Although the use of plastics varies across different regions, Africa is ranked second after Asia as an indiscernible consumer of plastics that break down into microplastic. Moreover, little is known about the impact of these microplastics across the African continent. This review provides insight into what microplastics are and their impact on the environment across Africa. The mismanagement of plastic waste is at its peak in Africa, as the continent mismanages over 70% of daily generated waste on average through activities such as tourism, fishing, and waste transport from one end to the other through waterways. Regarding the impact of microplastics on the environment, we found that they facilitate severe environmental consequences, such as the development of metal toxicity within aquatic and terrestrial organisms, disruptions of the food chain in the ecosystem, and public health challenges to humans who consume seafood. Alternatively, bioplastics are promising biodegradable and environmentally friendly plastic materials that could be crucial in expanding Africa's plastic industry. Furthermore, the continent has some widely spread biobased renewable raw materials that can be harnessed for developing bioplastics. Therefore, biomass-based polymers are promising alternative plastic feedstocks for producing plastics because they can readily biodegrade and break down in industrial compost facilities. على الرغم من أن استخدام البلاستيك يختلف باختلاف المناطق، إلا أن أفريقيا تحتل المرتبة الثانية بعد آسيا كمستهلك غير ملحوظ للبلاستيك الذي يتحلل إلى بلاستيك دقيق. علاوة على ذلك، لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن تأثير هذه المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة في جميع أنحاء القارة الأفريقية. توفر هذه المراجعة نظرة ثاقبة حول ماهية المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة وتأثيرها على البيئة في جميع أنحاء إفريقيا. يبلغ سوء إدارة النفايات البلاستيكية ذروته في أفريقيا، حيث تسيء القارة إدارة أكثر من 70 ٪ من النفايات المتولدة يوميًا في المتوسط من خلال أنشطة مثل السياحة وصيد الأسماك ونقل النفايات من طرف إلى آخر عبر المجاري المائية. فيما يتعلق بتأثير المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة على البيئة، وجدنا أنها تسهل العواقب البيئية الوخيمة، مثل تطور سمية المعادن داخل الكائنات المائية والبرية، واضطرابات السلسلة الغذائية في النظام البيئي، وتحديات الصحة العامة للبشر الذين يستهلكون المأكولات البحرية. وبدلاً من ذلك، فإن البلاستيك الحيوي يعد بمواد بلاستيكية قابلة للتحلل الحيوي وصديقة للبيئة يمكن أن تكون حاسمة في توسيع صناعة البلاستيك في إفريقيا. علاوة على ذلك، تمتلك القارة بعض المواد الخام المتجددة الحيوية المنتشرة على نطاق واسع والتي يمكن تسخيرها لتطوير البلاستيك الحيوي. لذلك، فإن البوليمرات القائمة على الكتلة الحيوية تعد بمواد أولية بلاستيكية بديلة لإنتاج البلاستيك لأنها يمكن أن تتحلل وتتحلل بسهولة في مرافق السماد الصناعي.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Chemical Engineering...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/wg...
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/66...
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Chemical Engineering...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/wg...
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/66...
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Emmanuel Sunday Okeke; Onome Ejeromedoghene; Charles Obinwanne Okoye; Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba; +4 Authors

    Microalgae are pervasive organisms regarded as conservative alternatives for the sustainable synthesis of various high-value-added bio-products to replace depleting fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. However, microalgae biorefinery is still very far from being commercially viable due to high costs, intensive energy requirements, and low availability of biomass and biomolecules. In this review, the current status of microalgae biorefinery is discussed by establishing the efficiency of green biotechnology in producing microalgae from wastewater and the diverse bio-products derived from the biotechnology of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, various aspects involved in the sustainable production of bulk chemicals and value-added bio-products from microalgae biorefinery, including their roles in environmental protection and the promotion of an integrated green circular bio-economy are elucidated. Lastly, the challenges facing microalgae biorefinery and recommendations to guide future research toward cost-effective, more efficient, and sustainable microalgae biorefinery are presented.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Conversion and Management: X
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Conversion and Management: X
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Joshua Iseoluwa Orege; Olayinka Oderinde; Ghebretensae Aron Kifle; Adeola Ahmed Ibikunle; +10 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy Conversion and Management
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy Conversion an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy Conversion and Management
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Emmanuel Sunday Okeke; Oluwatosin Atinuke Olagbaju; Charles Obinwanne Okoye; Charles Izuma Addey; +10 Authors

    Bien que l'utilisation des plastiques varie selon les régions, l'Afrique est classée deuxième après l'Asie en tant que consommateur indiscernable de plastiques qui se décomposent en microplastiques. De plus, on sait peu de choses sur l'impact de ces microplastiques sur le continent africain. Cette revue donne un aperçu de ce que sont les microplastiques et de leur impact sur l'environnement en Afrique. La mauvaise gestion des déchets plastiques est à son apogée en Afrique, car le continent gère mal plus de 70 % des déchets générés quotidiennement en moyenne par le biais d'activités telles que le tourisme, la pêche et le transport des déchets d'un bout à l'autre par les voies navigables. En ce qui concerne l'impact des microplastiques sur l'environnement, nous avons constaté qu'ils facilitent de graves conséquences environnementales, telles que le développement de la toxicité des métaux au sein des organismes aquatiques et terrestres, les perturbations de la chaîne alimentaire dans l'écosystème et les problèmes de santé publique pour les humains qui consomment des fruits de mer. Alternativement, les bioplastiques sont des matériaux plastiques biodégradables et respectueux de l'environnement prometteurs qui pourraient être cruciaux pour l'expansion de l'industrie du plastique en Afrique. En outre, le continent dispose de matières premières renouvelables biosourcées largement répandues qui peuvent être exploitées pour développer des bioplastiques. Par conséquent, les polymères à base de biomasse sont des matières premières plastiques alternatives prometteuses pour la production de plastiques, car ils peuvent facilement se biodégrader et se décomposer dans les installations de compostage industriel. Aunque el uso de plásticos varía según las diferentes regiones, África ocupa el segundo lugar después de Asia como un consumidor indiscernible de plásticos que se descomponen en microplásticos. Además, se sabe poco sobre el impacto de estos microplásticos en todo el continente africano. Esta revisión proporciona información sobre qué son los microplásticos y su impacto en el medio ambiente en toda África. La mala gestión de los residuos plásticos está en su apogeo en África, ya que el continente gestiona mal más del 70% de los residuos generados diariamente en promedio a través de actividades como el turismo, la pesca y el transporte de residuos de un extremo a otro a través de vías fluviales. Con respecto al impacto de los microplásticos en el medio ambiente, encontramos que facilitan graves consecuencias ambientales, como el desarrollo de toxicidad por metales dentro de organismos acuáticos y terrestres, interrupciones de la cadena alimentaria en el ecosistema y desafíos de salud pública para los humanos que consumen mariscos. Alternativamente, los bioplásticos prometen materiales plásticos biodegradables y respetuosos con el medio ambiente que podrían ser cruciales en la expansión de la industria plástica de África. Además, el continente tiene algunas materias primas renovables de base biológica ampliamente difundidas que se pueden aprovechar para desarrollar bioplásticos. Por lo tanto, los polímeros a base de biomasa son materias primas plásticas alternativas prometedoras para la producción de plásticos porque pueden biodegradarse y descomponerse fácilmente en instalaciones de compost industrial. Although the use of plastics varies across different regions, Africa is ranked second after Asia as an indiscernible consumer of plastics that break down into microplastic. Moreover, little is known about the impact of these microplastics across the African continent. This review provides insight into what microplastics are and their impact on the environment across Africa. The mismanagement of plastic waste is at its peak in Africa, as the continent mismanages over 70% of daily generated waste on average through activities such as tourism, fishing, and waste transport from one end to the other through waterways. Regarding the impact of microplastics on the environment, we found that they facilitate severe environmental consequences, such as the development of metal toxicity within aquatic and terrestrial organisms, disruptions of the food chain in the ecosystem, and public health challenges to humans who consume seafood. Alternatively, bioplastics are promising biodegradable and environmentally friendly plastic materials that could be crucial in expanding Africa's plastic industry. Furthermore, the continent has some widely spread biobased renewable raw materials that can be harnessed for developing bioplastics. Therefore, biomass-based polymers are promising alternative plastic feedstocks for producing plastics because they can readily biodegrade and break down in industrial compost facilities. على الرغم من أن استخدام البلاستيك يختلف باختلاف المناطق، إلا أن أفريقيا تحتل المرتبة الثانية بعد آسيا كمستهلك غير ملحوظ للبلاستيك الذي يتحلل إلى بلاستيك دقيق. علاوة على ذلك، لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن تأثير هذه المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة في جميع أنحاء القارة الأفريقية. توفر هذه المراجعة نظرة ثاقبة حول ماهية المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة وتأثيرها على البيئة في جميع أنحاء إفريقيا. يبلغ سوء إدارة النفايات البلاستيكية ذروته في أفريقيا، حيث تسيء القارة إدارة أكثر من 70 ٪ من النفايات المتولدة يوميًا في المتوسط من خلال أنشطة مثل السياحة وصيد الأسماك ونقل النفايات من طرف إلى آخر عبر المجاري المائية. فيما يتعلق بتأثير المواد البلاستيكية الدقيقة على البيئة، وجدنا أنها تسهل العواقب البيئية الوخيمة، مثل تطور سمية المعادن داخل الكائنات المائية والبرية، واضطرابات السلسلة الغذائية في النظام البيئي، وتحديات الصحة العامة للبشر الذين يستهلكون المأكولات البحرية. وبدلاً من ذلك، فإن البلاستيك الحيوي يعد بمواد بلاستيكية قابلة للتحلل الحيوي وصديقة للبيئة يمكن أن تكون حاسمة في توسيع صناعة البلاستيك في إفريقيا. علاوة على ذلك، تمتلك القارة بعض المواد الخام المتجددة الحيوية المنتشرة على نطاق واسع والتي يمكن تسخيرها لتطوير البلاستيك الحيوي. لذلك، فإن البوليمرات القائمة على الكتلة الحيوية تعد بمواد أولية بلاستيكية بديلة لإنتاج البلاستيك لأنها يمكن أن تتحلل وتتحلل بسهولة في مرافق السماد الصناعي.

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    Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
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      Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
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    Authors: Emmanuel Sunday Okeke; Onome Ejeromedoghene; Charles Obinwanne Okoye; Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba; +4 Authors

    Microalgae are pervasive organisms regarded as conservative alternatives for the sustainable synthesis of various high-value-added bio-products to replace depleting fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. However, microalgae biorefinery is still very far from being commercially viable due to high costs, intensive energy requirements, and low availability of biomass and biomolecules. In this review, the current status of microalgae biorefinery is discussed by establishing the efficiency of green biotechnology in producing microalgae from wastewater and the diverse bio-products derived from the biotechnology of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, various aspects involved in the sustainable production of bulk chemicals and value-added bio-products from microalgae biorefinery, including their roles in environmental protection and the promotion of an integrated green circular bio-economy are elucidated. Lastly, the challenges facing microalgae biorefinery and recommendations to guide future research toward cost-effective, more efficient, and sustainable microalgae biorefinery are presented.

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    Energy Conversion and Management: X
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