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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Teresa Albuquerque; Francesc Gallart; Simon Parry; Maria Helena Alves; +23 Authors

    Les rivières intermittentes sont répandues dans de nombreux pays d'Europe et dans les pays méditerranéens en dehors de l'Europe, mais on sait peu de choses sur l'évolution temporelle des caractéristiques d'intermittence et leurs relations avec la variabilité climatique. Dans cette étude, une analyse de tendance est effectuée sur le nombre annuel et saisonnier de jours à débit nul, la durée maximale de Dry Publié sur Authorea le 20 janvier 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979 | Cette préimpression n'a pas été examinée par des pairs. Les données peuvent être préliminaires.spells et la date moyenne des événements à débit nul, sur une base de données de 452 rivières dans les pays européens et méditerranéens en dehors de l'Europe, avec des degrés d'intermittence variables.En outre, les relations entre l'intermittence du débit et le climat sont étudiées à l'aide de l'indice normalisé d'évapotranspiration des précipitations (SPEI) et de six indices climatiques décrivant la circulation atmosphérique à grande échelle.Les résultats ont indiqué une forte variabilité spatiale des schémas saisonniers d'intermittence et du nombre annuel et saisonnier de jours de débit nul, ce qui met en évidence les contrôles exercés par les propriétés locales du bassin versant.La plupart des tendances détectées indiquent un nombre croissant de jours de débit nul qui ont également tendance à se produire plus tôt dans l'année, en particulier en Europe du Sud. On constate que le SPEI est fortement lié à l'occurrence annuelle et saisonnière du jour de débit nul dans plus de la moitié des stations pour différentes périodes d'accumulation entre 12 et 24 mois. Inversement, il existe une faible dépendance de l'intermittence des rivières avec des indices de circulation à grande échelle. Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent une augmentation du stress hydrique dans les rivières intermittentes qui peut affecter leur biote et leur biochimie et réduire également les ressources en eau disponibles. Los ríos intermitentes son frecuentes en muchos países de Europa y en países mediterráneos fuera de Europa, pero se sabe poco sobre la evolución temporal de las características de intermitencia y sus relaciones con la variabilidad climática. En este estudio, se realiza un análisis de tendencias sobre el número anual y estacional de días de flujo cero, la duración máxima de Dry Publicado en Authorea el 20 de enero de 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979 | Este es un preprint y no ha sido revisado por pares. Los datos pueden ser preliminares. en una base de datos de 452 ríos en países europeos y mediterráneos fuera de Europa, con diversos grados de intermitencia. Además, se investigan las relaciones entre la intermitencia de flujo y el clima utilizando el Índice Estandarizado de Evapotranspiración de Precipitación (SPEI) y seis índices climáticos que describen la circulación atmosférica a gran escala. Los resultados indicaron una fuerte variabilidad espacial de los patrones estacionales de intermitencia y el número anual y estacional de días de flujo cero, lo que destaca los controles ejercidos por las propiedades de captación locales. La mayoría de las tendencias detectadas indican un número creciente de días de flujo cero que también tienden a ocurrir a principios de año, en particular en el sur de Europa. SE encuentra que el SPEI está fuertemente relacionado con la ocurrencia anual y estacional del día de flujo cero en más de la mitad de las estaciones para diferentes tiempos de acumulación entre 12 y 24 meses. Por el contrario, existe una débil dependencia de la intermitencia fluvial con los índices de circulación a gran escala. En general, estos resultados sugieren un mayor estrés hídrico en los ríos intermitentes que puede afectar su biota y bioquímica y también reducir los recursos hídricos disponibles. Intermittent rivers are prevalent in many countries across Europe and in Mediterranean countries outside Europe, but little is known about the temporal evolution of intermittency characteristics and their relationships with climate variability.In this study, a trend analysis is performed on the annual and seasonal number of zero-flow days, the maximum duration of dry Posted on Authorea 20 Jan 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979| This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed.Data may be preliminary.spells and the mean date of the zero-flow events, on a database of 452 rivers in European and in Mediterranean countries outside Europe, with varying degrees of intermittence.In addition, the relationships between flow intermittence and climate are investigated using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and six climate indices describing large scale atmospheric circulation.Results indicated a strong spatial variability of the seasonal patterns of intermittence and the annual and seasonal number of zero-flow days, which highlights the controls exerted by local catchment properties.Most of the detected trends indicate an increasing number of zero-flow days which also tend to occur earlier in the year, in particular in Southern Europe.The SPEI is found to be strongly related to the annual and seasonal zero-flow day occurrence in more than half of the stations for different accumulation times between 12 and 24 months.Conversely, there is a weak dependence of river intermittence with large-scale circulation indices.Overall, these results suggest increased water stress in intermittent rivers that may affect their biota and biochemistry and also reduce available water resources. تنتشر الأنهار المتقطعة في العديد من البلدان في جميع أنحاء أوروبا وفي بلدان البحر الأبيض المتوسط خارج أوروبا، ولكن لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن التطور الزمني لخصائص الانقطاع وعلاقاتها بتقلب المناخ. في هذه الدراسة، يتم إجراء تحليل للاتجاه على العدد السنوي والموسمي لأيام التدفق الصفري، والمدة القصوى لـ DRY منشور على Authorea 20 يناير 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979 | هذه طبعة مسبقة ولم تتم مراجعتها من قبل الأقران. قد تكون البيانات أولية. نوبات ومتوسط تاريخ أحداث التدفق الصفري، على قاعدة بيانات تضم 452 نهرًا في الدول الأوروبية ودول البحر الأبيض المتوسط خارج أوروبا، بدرجات متفاوتة من التقطع. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم التحقيق في العلاقات بين تقطع التدفق والمناخ باستخدام مؤشر تبخر - نتح هطول الأمطار القياسي (SPEI) وستة مؤشرات مناخية تصف الدوران الجوي واسع النطاق. أشارت النتائج إلى تقلب مكاني قوي للأنماط الموسمية للتقطع والعدد السنوي والموسمي لأيام التدفق الصفري، مما يسلط الضوء على الضوابط التي تمارسها خصائص مستجمعات المياه المحلية. تشير معظم الاتجاهات المكتشفة إلى عدد متزايد من أيام التدفق الصفري والتي تميل أيضًا إلى الحدوث في وقت مبكر من العام، لا سيما في جنوب أوروبا. وجد أن SpeI مرتبطة ارتباطًا وثيقًا بحدوث يوم التدفق الصفري السنوي والموسمي في أكثر من نصف المحطات لأوقات التراكم المختلفة بين 12 و 24 شهرًا. على العكس من ذلك، هناك اعتماد ضعيف على انقطاع النهر مع مؤشرات الدوران واسعة النطاق. بشكل عام، تشير هذه النتائج إلى زيادة الإجهاد المائي في الأنهار المتقطعة التي قد تؤثر على الكائنات الحية والكيمياء الحيوية وتقلل أيضًا من موارد المياه المتاحة.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NERC Open Research A...arrow_drop_down
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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2021
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: CNR ExploRA
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: HAL-INSU
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: HAL INRAE
    Hydrological Sciences Journal
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/vj...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/f6...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    Digital.CSIC
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Digital.CSIC
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tramblay, Yves; Koutroulis, Aristeidis; Samaniego, Luis; Vicente-Serrano, Sergio; +27 Authors

    Droughts can have strong environmental and socio-economic impacts in the Mediterranean region, in particular for countries relying on rain-fed agricultural production, but also in areas in which irrigation plays an important role and in which natural vegetation has been modified or is subject to water stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of the complexity of the drought phenomenon in the Mediterranean region and present various perspectives on drought in the present and under future climate change scenarios. The projections of various model experiments on future climate change scenarios strongly agree on an increased frequency and severity of droughts in the Mediterranean basin. Nevertheless, given the complexity of the phenomenon, with different types of droughts and complex interrelated impacts, significant future uncertainties remain. For example, uncertainties are stronger for hydrological droughts than meteorological droughts due to human influences and water withdrawal. Significant drought impacts are expected in the future, in particular for developing countries in the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean basin. To improve the resilience and adaptive capacities of societies and environments faced with drought, we aim to provide an overview of the key issues in research on climate change impacts on droughts, with a specific focus on the Mediterranean region, in order to i) redefine more meaningful drought metrics tailored to the Mediterranean context, ii) better take into account vegetation and its feedback on droughts, iii) improve the modelling and forecasting of drought events through remote sensing and land surface models, and iv) promote a more integrated vision of droughts taking into account both water availability and water use. This overview reflects the complexity of the problem and the need to combine scientific research with adaptation solutions to deal with drought in the future.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2020
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    Article . 2020
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    HAL AMU
    Article . 2020
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    HAL-INSU
    Article . 2020
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    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2020
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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2020
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ea...
    Article
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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      HAL-IRD
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +88 Authors

    AbstractRisk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.

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  • Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Kai Schröter; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Anne F. Van Loon; +85 Authors

    Résumé. Alors que les impacts négatifs des extrêmes hydrologiques augmentent dans de nombreuses régions du monde, une meilleure compréhension des facteurs de changement des risques et des impacts est essentielle pour une gestion efficace des risques d'inondation et de sécheresse et pour l'adaptation au climat. Cependant, il existe actuellement un manque de données empiriques complètes sur les processus, les interactions et les rétroactions dans les systèmes homme-eau complexes conduisant à des impacts d'inondation et de sécheresse. Nous présentons ici un ensemble de données de référence contenant des données socio-hydrologiques d'événements appariés, c'est-à-dire deux inondations ou deux sécheresses survenues dans la même zone. Les 45 événements appariés se sont produits dans 42 zones d'étude différentes et couvrent un large éventail de conditions socio-économiques et hydro-climatiques. L'ensemble de données est unique en ce qu'il couvre à la fois les inondations et les sécheresses, le nombre de cas évalués et la quantité de données socio-hydrologiques. L'ensemble de données de référence comprend : 1) des rapports de style d'examen détaillés sur les événements et les processus clés entre les deux événements d'une paire ; 2) le tableau de données clés contenant des variables qui évaluent les indicateurs qui caractérisent les lacunes de gestion, le danger, l'exposition, la vulnérabilité et les impacts de tous les événements ; 3) un tableau des indicateurs de changement qui indiquent les différences entre le premier et le deuxième événement d'une paire. Les avantages de l'ensemble de données sont qu'il permet des analyses comparatives entre tous les événements appariés sur la base des indicateurs de changement et permet des évaluations détaillées spécifiques au contexte et à l'emplacement sur la base des données et des rapports détaillés des zones d'étude individuelles. L'ensemble de données peut être utilisé par la communauté scientifique pour des analyses de données exploratoires, par exemple axées sur les liens de causalité entre la gestion des risques, les changements de danger, l'exposition et la vulnérabilité et les impacts des inondations ou de la sécheresse. Les données peuvent également être utilisées pour le développement, l'étalonnage et la validation de modèles socio-hydrologiques. L'ensemble de données est accessible au public via les services de données de GFZ (Kreibich et al. 2023, lien pour examen : https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/). Resumen. A medida que aumentan los impactos adversos de los extremos hidrológicos en muchas regiones del mundo, es esencial comprender mejor los impulsores de los cambios en el riesgo y los impactos para una gestión eficaz del riesgo de inundaciones y sequías y la adaptación al clima. Sin embargo, actualmente existe una falta de datos empíricos exhaustivos sobre los procesos, interacciones y retroalimentaciones en sistemas complejos de agua-humanos que conducen a los impactos de inundaciones y sequías. Aquí presentamos un conjunto de datos de referencia que contiene datos sociohidrológicos de eventos emparejados, es decir, dos inundaciones o dos sequías que ocurrieron en la misma área. Los 45 eventos emparejados ocurrieron en 42 áreas de estudio diferentes y cubren una amplia gama de condiciones socioeconómicas e hidroclimáticas. El conjunto de datos es único en cuanto a la cobertura tanto de inundaciones como de sequías, en el número de casos evaluados y en la cantidad de datos sociohidrológicos. El conjunto de datos de referencia comprende: 1) informes detallados de estilo de revisión sobre los eventos y procesos clave entre los dos eventos de un par; 2) la tabla de datos clave que contiene variables que evalúan los indicadores que caracterizan las deficiencias de gestión, el peligro, la exposición, la vulnerabilidad y los impactos de todos los eventos; 3) una tabla de los indicadores de cambio que indican las diferencias entre el primer y el segundo evento de un par. Las ventajas del conjunto de datos son que permite análisis comparativos en todos los eventos emparejados basados en los indicadores de cambio y permite evaluaciones detalladas específicas del contexto y la ubicación basadas en los amplios datos e informes de las áreas de estudio individuales. El conjunto de datos puede ser utilizado por la comunidad científica para análisis de datos exploratorios, por ejemplo, centrados en los vínculos causales entre la gestión de riesgos, los cambios en los peligros, la exposición y la vulnerabilidad y los impactos de inundaciones o sequías. Los datos también se pueden utilizar para el desarrollo, calibración y validación de modelos sociohidrológicos. El conjunto de datos está disponible para el público a través de GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, enlace para revisión: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/). Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/). الخلاصة: مع زيادة الآثار السلبية للظواهر الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة في العديد من مناطق العالم، يعد الفهم الأفضل لدوافع التغيرات في المخاطر والآثار أمرًا ضروريًا للإدارة الفعالة لمخاطر الفيضانات والجفاف والتكيف مع المناخ. ومع ذلك، هناك حاليًا نقص في البيانات التجريبية الشاملة حول العمليات والتفاعلات والتغذية المرتدة في أنظمة المياه البشرية المعقدة التي تؤدي إلى آثار الفيضانات والجفاف. نقدم هنا مجموعة بيانات مرجعية تحتوي على بيانات اجتماعية هيدرولوجية للأحداث المزدوجة، أي فيضانان أو موجتي جفاف وقعتا في نفس المنطقة. وقعت الأحداث الـ 45 المزدوجة في 42 منطقة دراسة مختلفة وتغطي مجموعة واسعة من الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والمائية المناخية. مجموعة البيانات فريدة من نوعها في تغطية كل من الفيضانات والجفاف، وفي عدد الحالات التي تم تقييمها، وفي كمية البيانات الاجتماعية الهيدرولوجية. تشتمل مجموعة البيانات المعيارية على: 1) تقارير أسلوب المراجعة التفصيلية حول الأحداث والعمليات الرئيسية بين حدثين للزوج ؛ 2) جدول البيانات الرئيسية الذي يحتوي على المتغيرات التي تقيم المؤشرات التي تميز أوجه القصور في الإدارة والمخاطر والتعرض والضعف وتأثيرات جميع الأحداث ؛ 3) جدول مؤشرات التغيير التي تشير إلى الاختلافات بين الحدث الأول والثاني للزوج. تتمثل مزايا مجموعة البيانات في أنها تمكن من إجراء تحليلات مقارنة عبر جميع الأحداث المقترنة بناءً على مؤشرات التغيير وتسمح بإجراء تقييمات مفصلة للسياق والموقع بناءً على البيانات والتقارير الشاملة لمناطق الدراسة الفردية. يمكن للمجتمع العلمي استخدام مجموعة البيانات لتحليل البيانات الاستكشافية، على سبيل المثال التركيز على الروابط السببية بين إدارة المخاطر والتغيرات في المخاطر والتعرض والضعف وآثار الفيضانات أو الجفاف. يمكن أيضًا استخدام البيانات لتطوير النماذج الاجتماعية الهيدرولوجية ومعايرتها والتحقق من صحتها. مجموعة البيانات متاحة للجمهور من خلال خدمات بيانات GFZ (Kreibich et al. 2023، رابط للمراجعة: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kreibich, Heidi; Schröter, Kai; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano; Van Loon, Anne; +87 Authors

    As the negative impacts of hydrological extremes increase in large parts of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of change in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. To fill this gap, we present an IAHS Panta Rhei benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area (Kreibich et al. 2017, 2019). The contained 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas (in three study areas we have data on two paired events), which cover different socioeconomic and hydroclimatic contexts across all continents. The dataset is unique in covering floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the amount of qualitative and quantitative socio-hydrological data contained. References to the data sources are provided in 2023-001_Kreibich-et-al_Key_data_table.xlsx where possible. Based on templates, we collected detailed, review-style reports describing the event characteristics and processes in the case study areas, as well as various semi-quantitative data, categorised into management, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts. Sources of the data were classified as follows: scientific study (peer-reviewed paper and PhD thesis), report (by governments, administrations, NGOs, research organisations, projects), own analysis by authors, based on a database (e.g. official statistics, monitoring data such as weather, discharge data, etc.), newspaper article, and expert judgement. The campaign to collect the information and data on paired events started at the EGU General Assembly in April 2019 in Vienna and was continued with talks promoting the paired event data collection at various conferences. Communication with the Panta Rhei community and other flood and drought experts identified through snowballing techniques was important. Thus, data on paired events were provided by professionals with excellent local knowledge of the events and risk management practices.

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    GFZ Data Services
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    https://doi.org/10.5880/gfz.4....
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Sygma
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      GFZ Data Services
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.5880/gfz.4....
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +87 Authors

    La gestion des risques a réduit la vulnérabilité aux inondations et aux sécheresses dans le monde1,2, mais leurs impacts continuent d'augmenter3. Une meilleure compréhension des causes de l'évolution des impacts est donc nécessaire, mais a été entravée par un manque de données empiriques4,5. Sur la base d'un ensemble de données mondiales de 45 paires d'événements qui se sont produits dans la même zone, nous montrons que la gestion des risques réduit généralement les impacts des inondations et des sécheresses, mais fait face à des difficultés pour réduire les impacts d'événements sans précédent d'une ampleur jamais connue auparavant. Si le deuxième événement était beaucoup plus dangereux que le premier, son impact était presque toujours plus élevé. En effet, la gestion n'a pas été conçue pour faire face à de tels événements extrêmes : par exemple, ils ont dépassé les niveaux de conception des digues et des réservoirs. Dans deux cas de réussite, l'impact du deuxième événement, plus dangereux, a été plus faible, en raison de l'amélioration de la gouvernance de la gestion des risques et des investissements élevés dans la gestion intégrée. La difficulté observée à gérer des événements sans précédent est alarmante, étant donné que des événements hydrologiques plus extrêmes sont projetés en raison du changement climatique3. La gestión de riesgos ha reducido la vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones y sequías a nivel mundial1,2, pero sus impactos siguen aumentando3. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mejor comprensión de las causas de los impactos cambiantes, pero se ha visto obstaculizada por la falta de datos empíricos4,5. Sobre la base de un conjunto de datos global de 45 pares de eventos que ocurrieron dentro de la misma área, mostramos que la gestión de riesgos generalmente reduce los impactos de inundaciones y sequías, pero enfrenta dificultades para reducir los impactos de eventos sin precedentes de una magnitud no experimentada anteriormente. Si el segundo evento era mucho más peligroso que el primero, su impacto era casi siempre mayor. Esto se debe a que la gestión no fue diseñada para hacer frente a tales eventos extremos: por ejemplo, superaron los niveles de diseño de diques y embalses. En dos casos de éxito, el impacto del segundo evento, más peligroso, fue menor, como resultado de una mejor gobernanza de la gestión de riesgos y una alta inversión en la gestión integrada. La dificultad observada para gestionar eventos sin precedentes es alarmante, dado que se proyectan eventos hidrológicos más extremos debido al cambio climático3. Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3. أدت إدارة المخاطر إلى تقليل التعرض للفيضانات والجفاف على مستوى العالم1,2، ومع ذلك لا تزال آثارها تتزايد3. لذلك هناك حاجة إلى فهم أفضل لأسباب تغير التأثيرات، ولكن أعيق ذلك بسبب نقص البيانات التجريبية4، 5. على أساس مجموعة بيانات عالمية مكونة من 45 زوجًا من الأحداث التي وقعت داخل نفس المنطقة، نظهر أن إدارة المخاطر تقلل عمومًا من آثار الفيضانات والجفاف ولكنها تواجه صعوبات في الحد من آثار الأحداث غير المسبوقة ذات الحجم الذي لم تشهده من قبل. إذا كان الحدث الثاني أكثر خطورة من الأول، فإن تأثيره كان دائمًا أعلى. وذلك لأن الإدارة لم تكن مصممة للتعامل مع مثل هذه الأحداث المتطرفة: على سبيل المثال، تجاوزت مستويات تصميم السدود والخزانات. في قصتي نجاح، كان تأثير الحدث الثاني، الأكثر خطورة، أقل، نتيجة لتحسين حوكمة إدارة المخاطر والاستثمار العالي في الإدارة المتكاملة. إن الصعوبة الملحوظة في إدارة الأحداث غير المسبوقة تنذر بالخطر، بالنظر إلى أنه من المتوقع حدوث المزيد من الأحداث الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة بسبب تغير المناخ3.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Teresa Albuquerque; Francesc Gallart; Simon Parry; Maria Helena Alves; +23 Authors

    Les rivières intermittentes sont répandues dans de nombreux pays d'Europe et dans les pays méditerranéens en dehors de l'Europe, mais on sait peu de choses sur l'évolution temporelle des caractéristiques d'intermittence et leurs relations avec la variabilité climatique. Dans cette étude, une analyse de tendance est effectuée sur le nombre annuel et saisonnier de jours à débit nul, la durée maximale de Dry Publié sur Authorea le 20 janvier 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979 | Cette préimpression n'a pas été examinée par des pairs. Les données peuvent être préliminaires.spells et la date moyenne des événements à débit nul, sur une base de données de 452 rivières dans les pays européens et méditerranéens en dehors de l'Europe, avec des degrés d'intermittence variables.En outre, les relations entre l'intermittence du débit et le climat sont étudiées à l'aide de l'indice normalisé d'évapotranspiration des précipitations (SPEI) et de six indices climatiques décrivant la circulation atmosphérique à grande échelle.Les résultats ont indiqué une forte variabilité spatiale des schémas saisonniers d'intermittence et du nombre annuel et saisonnier de jours de débit nul, ce qui met en évidence les contrôles exercés par les propriétés locales du bassin versant.La plupart des tendances détectées indiquent un nombre croissant de jours de débit nul qui ont également tendance à se produire plus tôt dans l'année, en particulier en Europe du Sud. On constate que le SPEI est fortement lié à l'occurrence annuelle et saisonnière du jour de débit nul dans plus de la moitié des stations pour différentes périodes d'accumulation entre 12 et 24 mois. Inversement, il existe une faible dépendance de l'intermittence des rivières avec des indices de circulation à grande échelle. Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent une augmentation du stress hydrique dans les rivières intermittentes qui peut affecter leur biote et leur biochimie et réduire également les ressources en eau disponibles. Los ríos intermitentes son frecuentes en muchos países de Europa y en países mediterráneos fuera de Europa, pero se sabe poco sobre la evolución temporal de las características de intermitencia y sus relaciones con la variabilidad climática. En este estudio, se realiza un análisis de tendencias sobre el número anual y estacional de días de flujo cero, la duración máxima de Dry Publicado en Authorea el 20 de enero de 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979 | Este es un preprint y no ha sido revisado por pares. Los datos pueden ser preliminares. en una base de datos de 452 ríos en países europeos y mediterráneos fuera de Europa, con diversos grados de intermitencia. Además, se investigan las relaciones entre la intermitencia de flujo y el clima utilizando el Índice Estandarizado de Evapotranspiración de Precipitación (SPEI) y seis índices climáticos que describen la circulación atmosférica a gran escala. Los resultados indicaron una fuerte variabilidad espacial de los patrones estacionales de intermitencia y el número anual y estacional de días de flujo cero, lo que destaca los controles ejercidos por las propiedades de captación locales. La mayoría de las tendencias detectadas indican un número creciente de días de flujo cero que también tienden a ocurrir a principios de año, en particular en el sur de Europa. SE encuentra que el SPEI está fuertemente relacionado con la ocurrencia anual y estacional del día de flujo cero en más de la mitad de las estaciones para diferentes tiempos de acumulación entre 12 y 24 meses. Por el contrario, existe una débil dependencia de la intermitencia fluvial con los índices de circulación a gran escala. En general, estos resultados sugieren un mayor estrés hídrico en los ríos intermitentes que puede afectar su biota y bioquímica y también reducir los recursos hídricos disponibles. Intermittent rivers are prevalent in many countries across Europe and in Mediterranean countries outside Europe, but little is known about the temporal evolution of intermittency characteristics and their relationships with climate variability.In this study, a trend analysis is performed on the annual and seasonal number of zero-flow days, the maximum duration of dry Posted on Authorea 20 Jan 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979| This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed.Data may be preliminary.spells and the mean date of the zero-flow events, on a database of 452 rivers in European and in Mediterranean countries outside Europe, with varying degrees of intermittence.In addition, the relationships between flow intermittence and climate are investigated using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and six climate indices describing large scale atmospheric circulation.Results indicated a strong spatial variability of the seasonal patterns of intermittence and the annual and seasonal number of zero-flow days, which highlights the controls exerted by local catchment properties.Most of the detected trends indicate an increasing number of zero-flow days which also tend to occur earlier in the year, in particular in Southern Europe.The SPEI is found to be strongly related to the annual and seasonal zero-flow day occurrence in more than half of the stations for different accumulation times between 12 and 24 months.Conversely, there is a weak dependence of river intermittence with large-scale circulation indices.Overall, these results suggest increased water stress in intermittent rivers that may affect their biota and biochemistry and also reduce available water resources. تنتشر الأنهار المتقطعة في العديد من البلدان في جميع أنحاء أوروبا وفي بلدان البحر الأبيض المتوسط خارج أوروبا، ولكن لا يُعرف سوى القليل عن التطور الزمني لخصائص الانقطاع وعلاقاتها بتقلب المناخ. في هذه الدراسة، يتم إجراء تحليل للاتجاه على العدد السنوي والموسمي لأيام التدفق الصفري، والمدة القصوى لـ DRY منشور على Authorea 20 يناير 2020 | CC BY 4.0 | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.157954098.89011979 | هذه طبعة مسبقة ولم تتم مراجعتها من قبل الأقران. قد تكون البيانات أولية. نوبات ومتوسط تاريخ أحداث التدفق الصفري، على قاعدة بيانات تضم 452 نهرًا في الدول الأوروبية ودول البحر الأبيض المتوسط خارج أوروبا، بدرجات متفاوتة من التقطع. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم التحقيق في العلاقات بين تقطع التدفق والمناخ باستخدام مؤشر تبخر - نتح هطول الأمطار القياسي (SPEI) وستة مؤشرات مناخية تصف الدوران الجوي واسع النطاق. أشارت النتائج إلى تقلب مكاني قوي للأنماط الموسمية للتقطع والعدد السنوي والموسمي لأيام التدفق الصفري، مما يسلط الضوء على الضوابط التي تمارسها خصائص مستجمعات المياه المحلية. تشير معظم الاتجاهات المكتشفة إلى عدد متزايد من أيام التدفق الصفري والتي تميل أيضًا إلى الحدوث في وقت مبكر من العام، لا سيما في جنوب أوروبا. وجد أن SpeI مرتبطة ارتباطًا وثيقًا بحدوث يوم التدفق الصفري السنوي والموسمي في أكثر من نصف المحطات لأوقات التراكم المختلفة بين 12 و 24 شهرًا. على العكس من ذلك، هناك اعتماد ضعيف على انقطاع النهر مع مؤشرات الدوران واسعة النطاق. بشكل عام، تشير هذه النتائج إلى زيادة الإجهاد المائي في الأنهار المتقطعة التي قد تؤثر على الكائنات الحية والكيمياء الحيوية وتقلل أيضًا من موارد المياه المتاحة.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2021
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2021
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    HAL INRAE
    Article . 2021
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    Hydrological Sciences Journal
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/vj...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/f6...
    Other literature type . 2020
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    Digital.CSIC
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tramblay, Yves; Koutroulis, Aristeidis; Samaniego, Luis; Vicente-Serrano, Sergio; +27 Authors

    Droughts can have strong environmental and socio-economic impacts in the Mediterranean region, in particular for countries relying on rain-fed agricultural production, but also in areas in which irrigation plays an important role and in which natural vegetation has been modified or is subject to water stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of the complexity of the drought phenomenon in the Mediterranean region and present various perspectives on drought in the present and under future climate change scenarios. The projections of various model experiments on future climate change scenarios strongly agree on an increased frequency and severity of droughts in the Mediterranean basin. Nevertheless, given the complexity of the phenomenon, with different types of droughts and complex interrelated impacts, significant future uncertainties remain. For example, uncertainties are stronger for hydrological droughts than meteorological droughts due to human influences and water withdrawal. Significant drought impacts are expected in the future, in particular for developing countries in the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean basin. To improve the resilience and adaptive capacities of societies and environments faced with drought, we aim to provide an overview of the key issues in research on climate change impacts on droughts, with a specific focus on the Mediterranean region, in order to i) redefine more meaningful drought metrics tailored to the Mediterranean context, ii) better take into account vegetation and its feedback on droughts, iii) improve the modelling and forecasting of drought events through remote sensing and land surface models, and iv) promote a more integrated vision of droughts taking into account both water availability and water use. This overview reflects the complexity of the problem and the need to combine scientific research with adaptation solutions to deal with drought in the future.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2020
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ea...
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Horizon / Pleins textes
      Other literature type . 2020
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Earth-Science Reviews
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Earth-Science Reviews
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ea...
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    Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +88 Authors

    AbstractRisk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Kai Schröter; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Anne F. Van Loon; +85 Authors

    Résumé. Alors que les impacts négatifs des extrêmes hydrologiques augmentent dans de nombreuses régions du monde, une meilleure compréhension des facteurs de changement des risques et des impacts est essentielle pour une gestion efficace des risques d'inondation et de sécheresse et pour l'adaptation au climat. Cependant, il existe actuellement un manque de données empiriques complètes sur les processus, les interactions et les rétroactions dans les systèmes homme-eau complexes conduisant à des impacts d'inondation et de sécheresse. Nous présentons ici un ensemble de données de référence contenant des données socio-hydrologiques d'événements appariés, c'est-à-dire deux inondations ou deux sécheresses survenues dans la même zone. Les 45 événements appariés se sont produits dans 42 zones d'étude différentes et couvrent un large éventail de conditions socio-économiques et hydro-climatiques. L'ensemble de données est unique en ce qu'il couvre à la fois les inondations et les sécheresses, le nombre de cas évalués et la quantité de données socio-hydrologiques. L'ensemble de données de référence comprend : 1) des rapports de style d'examen détaillés sur les événements et les processus clés entre les deux événements d'une paire ; 2) le tableau de données clés contenant des variables qui évaluent les indicateurs qui caractérisent les lacunes de gestion, le danger, l'exposition, la vulnérabilité et les impacts de tous les événements ; 3) un tableau des indicateurs de changement qui indiquent les différences entre le premier et le deuxième événement d'une paire. Les avantages de l'ensemble de données sont qu'il permet des analyses comparatives entre tous les événements appariés sur la base des indicateurs de changement et permet des évaluations détaillées spécifiques au contexte et à l'emplacement sur la base des données et des rapports détaillés des zones d'étude individuelles. L'ensemble de données peut être utilisé par la communauté scientifique pour des analyses de données exploratoires, par exemple axées sur les liens de causalité entre la gestion des risques, les changements de danger, l'exposition et la vulnérabilité et les impacts des inondations ou de la sécheresse. Les données peuvent également être utilisées pour le développement, l'étalonnage et la validation de modèles socio-hydrologiques. L'ensemble de données est accessible au public via les services de données de GFZ (Kreibich et al. 2023, lien pour examen : https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/). Resumen. A medida que aumentan los impactos adversos de los extremos hidrológicos en muchas regiones del mundo, es esencial comprender mejor los impulsores de los cambios en el riesgo y los impactos para una gestión eficaz del riesgo de inundaciones y sequías y la adaptación al clima. Sin embargo, actualmente existe una falta de datos empíricos exhaustivos sobre los procesos, interacciones y retroalimentaciones en sistemas complejos de agua-humanos que conducen a los impactos de inundaciones y sequías. Aquí presentamos un conjunto de datos de referencia que contiene datos sociohidrológicos de eventos emparejados, es decir, dos inundaciones o dos sequías que ocurrieron en la misma área. Los 45 eventos emparejados ocurrieron en 42 áreas de estudio diferentes y cubren una amplia gama de condiciones socioeconómicas e hidroclimáticas. El conjunto de datos es único en cuanto a la cobertura tanto de inundaciones como de sequías, en el número de casos evaluados y en la cantidad de datos sociohidrológicos. El conjunto de datos de referencia comprende: 1) informes detallados de estilo de revisión sobre los eventos y procesos clave entre los dos eventos de un par; 2) la tabla de datos clave que contiene variables que evalúan los indicadores que caracterizan las deficiencias de gestión, el peligro, la exposición, la vulnerabilidad y los impactos de todos los eventos; 3) una tabla de los indicadores de cambio que indican las diferencias entre el primer y el segundo evento de un par. Las ventajas del conjunto de datos son que permite análisis comparativos en todos los eventos emparejados basados en los indicadores de cambio y permite evaluaciones detalladas específicas del contexto y la ubicación basadas en los amplios datos e informes de las áreas de estudio individuales. El conjunto de datos puede ser utilizado por la comunidad científica para análisis de datos exploratorios, por ejemplo, centrados en los vínculos causales entre la gestión de riesgos, los cambios en los peligros, la exposición y la vulnerabilidad y los impactos de inundaciones o sequías. Los datos también se pueden utilizar para el desarrollo, calibración y validación de modelos sociohidrológicos. El conjunto de datos está disponible para el público a través de GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, enlace para revisión: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/). Abstract. As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/). الخلاصة: مع زيادة الآثار السلبية للظواهر الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة في العديد من مناطق العالم، يعد الفهم الأفضل لدوافع التغيرات في المخاطر والآثار أمرًا ضروريًا للإدارة الفعالة لمخاطر الفيضانات والجفاف والتكيف مع المناخ. ومع ذلك، هناك حاليًا نقص في البيانات التجريبية الشاملة حول العمليات والتفاعلات والتغذية المرتدة في أنظمة المياه البشرية المعقدة التي تؤدي إلى آثار الفيضانات والجفاف. نقدم هنا مجموعة بيانات مرجعية تحتوي على بيانات اجتماعية هيدرولوجية للأحداث المزدوجة، أي فيضانان أو موجتي جفاف وقعتا في نفس المنطقة. وقعت الأحداث الـ 45 المزدوجة في 42 منطقة دراسة مختلفة وتغطي مجموعة واسعة من الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والمائية المناخية. مجموعة البيانات فريدة من نوعها في تغطية كل من الفيضانات والجفاف، وفي عدد الحالات التي تم تقييمها، وفي كمية البيانات الاجتماعية الهيدرولوجية. تشتمل مجموعة البيانات المعيارية على: 1) تقارير أسلوب المراجعة التفصيلية حول الأحداث والعمليات الرئيسية بين حدثين للزوج ؛ 2) جدول البيانات الرئيسية الذي يحتوي على المتغيرات التي تقيم المؤشرات التي تميز أوجه القصور في الإدارة والمخاطر والتعرض والضعف وتأثيرات جميع الأحداث ؛ 3) جدول مؤشرات التغيير التي تشير إلى الاختلافات بين الحدث الأول والثاني للزوج. تتمثل مزايا مجموعة البيانات في أنها تمكن من إجراء تحليلات مقارنة عبر جميع الأحداث المقترنة بناءً على مؤشرات التغيير وتسمح بإجراء تقييمات مفصلة للسياق والموقع بناءً على البيانات والتقارير الشاملة لمناطق الدراسة الفردية. يمكن للمجتمع العلمي استخدام مجموعة البيانات لتحليل البيانات الاستكشافية، على سبيل المثال التركيز على الروابط السببية بين إدارة المخاطر والتغيرات في المخاطر والتعرض والضعف وآثار الفيضانات أو الجفاف. يمكن أيضًا استخدام البيانات لتطوير النماذج الاجتماعية الهيدرولوجية ومعايرتها والتحقق من صحتها. مجموعة البيانات متاحة للجمهور من خلال خدمات بيانات GFZ (Kreibich et al. 2023، رابط للمراجعة: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kreibich, Heidi; Schröter, Kai; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano; Van Loon, Anne; +87 Authors

    As the negative impacts of hydrological extremes increase in large parts of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of change in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. To fill this gap, we present an IAHS Panta Rhei benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area (Kreibich et al. 2017, 2019). The contained 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas (in three study areas we have data on two paired events), which cover different socioeconomic and hydroclimatic contexts across all continents. The dataset is unique in covering floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the amount of qualitative and quantitative socio-hydrological data contained. References to the data sources are provided in 2023-001_Kreibich-et-al_Key_data_table.xlsx where possible. Based on templates, we collected detailed, review-style reports describing the event characteristics and processes in the case study areas, as well as various semi-quantitative data, categorised into management, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts. Sources of the data were classified as follows: scientific study (peer-reviewed paper and PhD thesis), report (by governments, administrations, NGOs, research organisations, projects), own analysis by authors, based on a database (e.g. official statistics, monitoring data such as weather, discharge data, etc.), newspaper article, and expert judgement. The campaign to collect the information and data on paired events started at the EGU General Assembly in April 2019 in Vienna and was continued with talks promoting the paired event data collection at various conferences. Communication with the Panta Rhei community and other flood and drought experts identified through snowballing techniques was important. Thus, data on paired events were provided by professionals with excellent local knowledge of the events and risk management practices.

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  • Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +87 Authors

    La gestion des risques a réduit la vulnérabilité aux inondations et aux sécheresses dans le monde1,2, mais leurs impacts continuent d'augmenter3. Une meilleure compréhension des causes de l'évolution des impacts est donc nécessaire, mais a été entravée par un manque de données empiriques4,5. Sur la base d'un ensemble de données mondiales de 45 paires d'événements qui se sont produits dans la même zone, nous montrons que la gestion des risques réduit généralement les impacts des inondations et des sécheresses, mais fait face à des difficultés pour réduire les impacts d'événements sans précédent d'une ampleur jamais connue auparavant. Si le deuxième événement était beaucoup plus dangereux que le premier, son impact était presque toujours plus élevé. En effet, la gestion n'a pas été conçue pour faire face à de tels événements extrêmes : par exemple, ils ont dépassé les niveaux de conception des digues et des réservoirs. Dans deux cas de réussite, l'impact du deuxième événement, plus dangereux, a été plus faible, en raison de l'amélioration de la gouvernance de la gestion des risques et des investissements élevés dans la gestion intégrée. La difficulté observée à gérer des événements sans précédent est alarmante, étant donné que des événements hydrologiques plus extrêmes sont projetés en raison du changement climatique3. La gestión de riesgos ha reducido la vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones y sequías a nivel mundial1,2, pero sus impactos siguen aumentando3. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mejor comprensión de las causas de los impactos cambiantes, pero se ha visto obstaculizada por la falta de datos empíricos4,5. Sobre la base de un conjunto de datos global de 45 pares de eventos que ocurrieron dentro de la misma área, mostramos que la gestión de riesgos generalmente reduce los impactos de inundaciones y sequías, pero enfrenta dificultades para reducir los impactos de eventos sin precedentes de una magnitud no experimentada anteriormente. Si el segundo evento era mucho más peligroso que el primero, su impacto era casi siempre mayor. Esto se debe a que la gestión no fue diseñada para hacer frente a tales eventos extremos: por ejemplo, superaron los niveles de diseño de diques y embalses. En dos casos de éxito, el impacto del segundo evento, más peligroso, fue menor, como resultado de una mejor gobernanza de la gestión de riesgos y una alta inversión en la gestión integrada. La dificultad observada para gestionar eventos sin precedentes es alarmante, dado que se proyectan eventos hidrológicos más extremos debido al cambio climático3. Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3. أدت إدارة المخاطر إلى تقليل التعرض للفيضانات والجفاف على مستوى العالم1,2، ومع ذلك لا تزال آثارها تتزايد3. لذلك هناك حاجة إلى فهم أفضل لأسباب تغير التأثيرات، ولكن أعيق ذلك بسبب نقص البيانات التجريبية4، 5. على أساس مجموعة بيانات عالمية مكونة من 45 زوجًا من الأحداث التي وقعت داخل نفس المنطقة، نظهر أن إدارة المخاطر تقلل عمومًا من آثار الفيضانات والجفاف ولكنها تواجه صعوبات في الحد من آثار الأحداث غير المسبوقة ذات الحجم الذي لم تشهده من قبل. إذا كان الحدث الثاني أكثر خطورة من الأول، فإن تأثيره كان دائمًا أعلى. وذلك لأن الإدارة لم تكن مصممة للتعامل مع مثل هذه الأحداث المتطرفة: على سبيل المثال، تجاوزت مستويات تصميم السدود والخزانات. في قصتي نجاح، كان تأثير الحدث الثاني، الأكثر خطورة، أقل، نتيجة لتحسين حوكمة إدارة المخاطر والاستثمار العالي في الإدارة المتكاملة. إن الصعوبة الملحوظة في إدارة الأحداث غير المسبوقة تنذر بالخطر، بالنظر إلى أنه من المتوقع حدوث المزيد من الأحداث الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة بسبب تغير المناخ3.

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