• Energy Research

In the landmark Paris Agreement, the global economies agreed to put forward their best efforts in mitigation and adaptation of climate change. The member countries set their international and national targets to limit global temperature rise within 2 °C. The major and developed economics play a productive role in achieving the goals set in the Paris Agreement and failing would make it hard for the global community to limit the global temperature within the targeted range. The announcement of the USA to back out of the Paris Agreement has caused uncertainty in the global climate governance (GCG) regime. The present study overviews how the US defiance is likely to affect emission space, carbon prices, and macroeconomic conditions of the economies. It also focuses on the objective to analyze multiple strategic scenarios regarding GCG considering the role of three major contributors to GHG emissions—the USA, the EU, and China. An integrated conflict resolution strategy has been proposed by combining the analytical hierarchy process and attitude-based graph model for conflict resolution. The possible post-withdrawal scenarios based on possible alternatives for the GCG regime has been examined. This study incorporates influence power-based and attitude-based approaches to generate preference rankings of the alternative GCG strategies. The influence power-based and attitude-based preferences are used in general stability and attitude-based stability analyses to explore equilibrium GCG strategies. The analyses reveal that influence power and attitudes of the decision-makers (DMs) influence the preferences of DMs. This influence on preferences has implications on the outcomes of the GCG scenarios. The results of the influence power-based and attitude-based analyses imply that the collective GCG strategies are indispensable to protect the shared natural climate for environmental sustainability and development.

Understanding causes of interpersonal conflicts, related costs, and the effects on investment in agriculture are important concerns of social sciences. The present study was designed to explore these aspects in relation to climate change, since rising temperature and precipitation are considered crucial causal factors in fueling interpersonal conflicts. The study used cross-sectional data collected from rural farm households from a large district of Pakistani Punjab. Cost of conflicts was estimated using standard economic methods whereas factors affecting interpersonal conflicts were estimated through employing logit model. The study found that interpersonal conflicts cost US$135 per month for following the proceedings of the conflicts filed in the court. Households involved in conflicts spent significantly very few resources in purchasing farm inputs which in turn declined productivity of maize (28%) and sugarcane (19%). Warm temperature, precipitation, and windstorm were perceived by households as causal factors for interpersonal conflicts. Socioeconomic characteristics namely, farm size, livestock, family size, and high monthly income of household, were significantly associated with interpersonal conflicts. The study concludes important policy implications.

Tourism appears as a catalyst for growth and development; however, recent studies have documented that this sector heavily depends on energy sector and as a consequence, entire tourism industry has been blamed for CO2 emissions. This study aims to investigate the impact of tourism develop, renewable energy and real GDP on CO2 emissions for G20 economies during the period of 1995-2015. In the presence of panel unit root, Pedroni and Kao methods confirm long-run cointegration among variables. FMOLS results show that a 1% increase in tourism development decreases pollution emissions by 0.05% in long run. The results show that the increase in renewable energy consumption reduces pollution emissions. A 1% increases in renewable energy reduces pollution emissions by 0.15% in long run. There was an inverted U-shaped relation between pollution and real GDP in long run confirming the validity of environmental Kuznets curve. Paper concludes that tourism development can be driving force for CO2 emissions reduction.

El sistema de transferencia de energía inalámbrica no radiante (WPT) que utiliza la técnica de acoplamiento por resonancia magnética (MRC) ha sido recientemente un tema de discusión entre los investigadores. Esta técnica discutió más escenarios en el campo de rango medio de la transmisión de energía inalámbrica reflejada en la distancia y la eficiencia. La eficiencia del sistema WPT varía cuando cambia la distancia de acoplamiento entre dos bobinas involucradas. Esto podría conducir a un problema decisivo de transferencia de energía de alta eficiencia. Este artículo presenta estudios de caso sobre la relación del rango de operación con la eficiencia de la técnica MRC. El sistema de WPT demostrativo funciona en dos frecuencias diferentes que se proyectan con el fin de verificar el rendimiento. Las frecuencias de resonancia utilizadas son inferiores a 100 MHz dentro del rango de 10 cm a 20 cm. Le système de transfert d'énergie sans fil (WPT) non radiatif utilisant la technique de couplage par résonance magnétique (MRC) a récemment fait l'objet de discussions entre chercheurs. Cette technique a discuté de plus de scénarios dans le domaine de milieu de gamme de la transmission d'énergie sans fil reflétée à la distance et à l'efficacité. L'efficacité du système WPT varie lorsque la distance de couplage entre deux bobines impliquées change. Cela pourrait conduire à une question décisive de transfert d'énergie à haut rendement. Cet article présente des études de cas sur la relation entre la plage de fonctionnement et l'efficacité de la technique MRC. Le système WPT démonstratif fonctionne à deux fréquences différentes sont projetées afin de vérifier les performances. Les fréquences de résonance utilisées sont inférieures à 100 MHz dans une plage de 10 cm à 20 cm. Non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) system using magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) technique has recently been a topic of discussion among researchers. This technique discussed more scenarios in mid-range field of wireless power transmission reflected to the distance and efficiency. The WPT system efficiency varies when the coupling distance between two coils involved changes. This could lead to a decisive issue of high efficient power transfer. This paper presents case studies on the relationship of operating range with the efficiency of the MRC technique. Demonstrative WPT system operates at two different frequencies are projected in order to verify performance. The resonance frequencies used are less than 100MHz within range of 10cm to 20cm. كان نظام نقل الطاقة اللاسلكية غير الإشعاعية (WPT) باستخدام تقنية اقتران الرنين المغناطيسي (MRC) موضوع نقاش بين الباحثين مؤخرًا. ناقشت هذه التقنية المزيد من السيناريوهات في مجال نقل الطاقة اللاسلكي متوسط المدى الذي ينعكس على المسافة والكفاءة. تختلف كفاءة نظام WPT عندما تنطوي مسافة الاقتران بين ملفين على تغييرات. وقد يؤدي ذلك إلى مشكلة حاسمة تتعلق بنقل الطاقة بكفاءة عالية. تقدم هذه الورقة دراسات حالة حول علاقة نطاق التشغيل بكفاءة تقنية MRC. من المتوقع أن يعمل نظام WPT التوضيحي على ترددين مختلفين من أجل التحقق من الأداء. ترددات الرنين المستخدمة أقل من 100 ميجاهرتز ضمن نطاق من 10 سم إلى 20 سم.

This paper examines the quantile cointegration relation between human development, energy production, and economic growth by incorporating corruption into the model for Pakistan through Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) model covering the period from 1965 to 2016. The research findings indicate that the association is quantile dependent which provides some exciting results. The Wald test is applied that rejects the null hypothesis and confirms the short- and long-run relationship between the variables. The changes in human development and economic growth are responsible for past and current changes in energy production and corruption that is confirmed through the Error Correction Model (ECM). This paper provides some interesting findings that energy production is contributing positively to human development. Further, energy production contributes negatively to economic growth, while corruption contributes positively to economic growth. These findings will help to make policy measures such as environmental regulation to improve energy efficiency and anti-corruption policies which will improve income level and economic growth of Pakistan economy.

This study measures the cost-effectiveness of alternate energy sources for irrigation in Pakistan. Primary data has been collected from eight districts of three provinces of Pakistan. Overall, 223 farmers were personally interviewed out of which, 58 farmers were using electric tube-well, 95 diesel tube-well, and 35 each for solar and biogas-operated tube-wells. The cost of extracting one cubic meter of water through electricity, diesel, subsidized electricity, biogas, and solar was $0.180, $0.013, $0.011, $0.010, and $0.005, respectively. The paper concludes that water pumping using alternative energy sources is cost-effective. Major constraints to adopting solar-powered water pumping systems were the high upfront cost, the lack of awareness, and the lack of available spare parts. The constraints to adopting biogas were difficulty operating and managing through winter.

Abstract This paper investigates asymmetric effects of renewable and nuclear energy on economic growth by extending production function along with labor and capital for Pakistan’s economy. Paper utilises non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model with the yearly data of 1990–2016 to extract reliable facts. Results reveal the presence of asymmetric co-integration among variables. Results offer evidence of positive and negative shocks to renewable and nuclear energy variables will have positive impact on economic growth. Further, capital formation contributes positive to economic growth. Addition to this, two more conventional models have been constructed to investigate asymmetric impacts of economic growth, oil prices, oil consumption and CO2 emissions on nuclear and renewable energy consumption. Results reveal that oil consumption leads to a negative impact on renewable energy consumption while it is neutral for nuclear energy consumption. Oil price was having neutral impact on renewable and nuclear energy consumption. Policy suggestions are given based on empirical results.

Climate change and weather variations are strongly associated with the incidence of dengue fever, outbreak risk in Pakistan and other developing countries. Knowledge and adaptation measures can affect the incidence and outbreak risk of dengue fever. The present study attempted to determine the knowledge, perception and adaptation to dengue fever by the respondents in Faisalabad, Pakistan employing cross-sectional data. The respondents who suffered and those that did not suffer from dengue fever have reported that electronic and print media were important sources of awareness about dengue fever. Around 59% respondents who did not suffer from dengue fever reported knowledge of being affected by dengue fever and 67% did not perceive that the symptoms of dengue fever would appear after mosquito biting. Logit model was employed to examine the factors affecting the adaptation measures to reduce the incidence of dengue fever. Education, family size, adults, income and perception were significantly related adaptation to dengue fever. The respondents that suffered from dengue fever were highly probable to use the adaptation measures compared to the respondents that did not suffer from dengue fever. Findings of the study might be helpful for the public health authorities to devise policies on improving awareness of dengue fever among the masses and sensitizing population to use adaptation measures.