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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Isa Catarina Ribeiro; Carla Pinheiro; Carla Pinheiro; Carla Maria Ribeiro; +6 Authors

    The establishment of stress resilient sugar beets (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is an important breeding goal since this cash crop is susceptible to drought and salinity. The genetic diversity in cultivated sugar beets is low and the beet wild relatives are useful genetic resources for tolerance traits. Three wild beet populations (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from contrasting environments, Vaiamonte (VMT, dry inland hill), Comporta (CMP, marsh) and Oeiras (OEI, coastland), and one commercial sugar beet (Isella variety, SB), are compared. At the genetic level, the use of six microsatellite allowed to detect a total of seventy six alleles. It was observed that CMP population has the highest value concerning the effective number of alleles and of expected heterozygosity. By contrast, sugar beet has the lowest values for all the parameters considered. Loci analysis with STRUCTURE allows defining three genetic clusters, the sea beet (OEI and CMP), the inland ruderal beet (VMT) and the sugar beet (SB). A screening test for progressive drought and salinity effects demonstrated that: all populations were able to recover from severe stress; drought impact was higher than that from salinity; the impact on biomass (total, shoot, root) was population specific. The distinct strategies were also visible at physiological level. We evaluated the physiological responses of the populations under drought and salt stress, namely at initial stress stages, late stress stages, and early stress recovery. Multivariate analysis showed that the physiological performance can be used to discriminate between genotypes, with a strong contribution of leaf temperature and leaf osmotic adjustment. However, the separation achieved and the groups formed are dependent on the stress type, stress intensity and duration. Each of the wild beet populations evaluated is very rich in genetic terms (allelic richness) and exhibited physiological plasticity, i.e., the capacity to physiologically adjust to changing environments. These characteristics emphasize the importance of the wild beet ecotypes for beet improvement programs. Two striking ecotypes are VMT, which is the best to cope with drought and salinity, and CMP which has the highest root to shoot ratio. These genotypes can supply breeding programs with distinct goals.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Plant S...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2016
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    UTL Repository
    Article . 2016
    Data sources: UTL Repository
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Plant S...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2016
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      UTL Repository
      Article . 2016
      Data sources: UTL Repository
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Joaquim Miguel Costa; Jorge Marques da Silva; Carla Pinheiro; Carla Pinheiro; +8 Authors

    Le climat méditerranéen est caractérisé par des étés chauds et secs et des sécheresses fréquentes. Les cultures méditerranéennes sont fréquemment soumises à de fortes demandes d'évapotranspiration, à des déficits en eau du sol, à des températures élevées et à un stress photo-oxydant. Ces conditions deviendront plus prononcées en raison du réchauffement climatique qui pose des défis majeurs pour la durabilité du secteur agricole dans les pays méditerranéens. Il est urgent de sélectionner des variétés de cultures adaptées aux conditions climatiques futures et plus tolérantes aux événements climatiques extrêmes. Le phénotypage des plantes est une approche cruciale pour relever ces défis en utilisant les sciences de la sélection des cultures, des plantes et de l'agronomie. Le phénotypage des plantes à haut débit (HTPP) aide à surveiller la performance des génotypes améliorés et constitue l'une des stratégies les plus efficaces pour améliorer la durabilité de la production agricole. Malgré les progrès remarquables des connaissances de base et de la technologie du phénotypage des plantes, il existe encore plusieurs contraintes pratiques, financières et politiques à la mise en œuvre efficace des approches HTPP sur le terrain et dans des conditions contrôlées à travers la Méditerranée. Le panorama européen du phénotypage est hétérogène et l'intégration des données de phénotypage à différentes échelles et la traduction de la « recherche sur les phytotrons » sur le terrain, et des espèces modèles aux cultures, restent des défis majeurs. En outre, les solutions spécifiquement adaptées à l'agriculture méditerranéenne (par exemple, les cultures et les contraintes environnementales) sont en forte demande, car la région est vulnérable au changement climatique et aux processus de désertification. Les besoins spécifiques en phénotypage des cultures méditerranéennes n'ont pas encore été complètement identifiés. En outre, le coût élevé des infrastructures HTPP est un facteur limitant majeur, bien que la disponibilité limitée de personnel qualifié puisse également nuire à sa mise en œuvre dans les pays méditerranéens. Nous proposons que le manque d'infrastructures de phénotypage appropriées entrave le développement de nouvelles variétés agricoles méditerranéennes et affectera négativement la compétitivité du secteur agricole. Nous donnons un aperçu du panorama hétérogène du phénotypage dans les pays méditerranéens, décrivant l'état de l'art de la production agricole, des initiatives d'élevage et des capacités de phénotypage dans cinq pays : Italie, Grèce, Portugal, Espagne et Turquie. Nous caractérisons certains des principaux obstacles au développement du phénotypage des plantes dans ces pays et identifions des stratégies pour surmonter les obstacles et maximiser les avantages des approches de phénotypage et de modélisation de l'agriculture méditerranéenne et de la durabilité associée. El clima mediterráneo se caracteriza por veranos cálidos y secos y frecuentes sequías. Los cultivos mediterráneos están sometidos con frecuencia a altas demandas de evapotranspiración, déficit hídrico del suelo, altas temperaturas y estrés fotooxidativo. Estas condiciones serán más pronunciadas debido al calentamiento global, que plantea grandes desafíos para la sostenibilidad del sector agrícola en los países mediterráneos. Se requiere con urgencia la selección de variedades de cultivo adaptadas a las condiciones climáticas futuras y más tolerantes a los eventos climáticos extremos. El fenotipado de las plantas es un enfoque crucial para abordar estos desafíos mediante la utilización del mejoramiento de cultivos, las ciencias vegetales y agronómicas. El fenotipado de plantas de alto rendimiento (HTPP) ayuda a monitorear el rendimiento de los genotipos mejorados y es una de las estrategias más efectivas para mejorar la sostenibilidad de la producción agrícola. A pesar del notable progreso en el conocimiento básico y la tecnología de fenotipado de plantas, todavía existen varias limitaciones prácticas, financieras y políticas para la implementación efectiva de los enfoques de HTPP en condiciones de campo y controladas en todo el Mediterráneo. El panorama europeo de la fenotipificación es heterogéneo y la integración de los datos de fenotipificación en diferentes escalas y la traducción de la "investigación del fitotrón" al campo, y de las especies modelo a los cultivos siguen siendo los principales desafíos. Además, las soluciones específicamente adaptadas a la agricultura mediterránea (por ejemplo, cultivos y tensiones ambientales) tienen una gran demanda, ya que la región es vulnerable al cambio climático y a los procesos de desertificación. Los requisitos específicos de fenotipado de los cultivos mediterráneos aún no se han identificado completamente. Además, el alto coste de las infraestructuras del HTPP es un factor limitante importante, aunque la limitada disponibilidad de personal cualificado también puede perjudicar su implementación en los países mediterráneos. Proponemos que la falta de una infraestructura de fenotipado adecuada está obstaculizando el desarrollo de nuevas variedades agrícolas mediterráneas y afectará negativamente a la competitividad del sector agrícola. Proporcionamos una visión general del panorama heterogéneo del fenotipado dentro de los países mediterráneos, describiendo el estado de la técnica de la producción agrícola, las iniciativas de mejoramiento y las capacidades de fenotipado en cinco países: Italia, Grecia, Portugal, España y Turquía. Caracterizamos algunos de los principales impedimentos para el desarrollo del fenotipado vegetal en esos países e identificamos estrategias para superar las barreras y maximizar los beneficios de los enfoques de fenotipado y modelado para la agricultura mediterránea y la sostenibilidad relacionada. The Mediterranean climate is characterised by hot dry summers and frequent droughts. Mediterranean crops are frequently subjected to high evapotranspiration demands, soil water deficits, high temperatures and photo-oxidative stress. These conditions will become more pronounced due to global warming which poses major challenges to sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mediterranean countries. Selection of crop varieties adapted to future climatic conditions and more tolerant of extreme climatic events is urgently required. Plant phenotyping is a crucial approach to address these challenges by utilising crop breeding, plant and agronomic sciences. High throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) helps to monitor the performance of improved genotypes, and is one of the most effective strategies to improve the sustainability of agricultural production. In spite of the remarkable progress in basic knowledge and technology of plant phenotyping, there are still several practical, financial and political constraints to effective implementation of HTPP approaches in field and controlled conditions across the Mediterranean. The European panorama of phenotyping is heterogeneous and integration of phenotyping data across different scales and translation of "phytotron research" to the field, and from model species to crops remain major challenges. Moreover, solutions specifically tailored to Mediterranean agriculture (e.g., crops and environmental stresses) are in high demand, as the region is vulnerable to climate change and to desertification processes. The specific phenotyping requirements of Mediterranean crops have not yet been fully identified. Furthermore, the high cost of HTPP infrastructures is a major limiting factor, though the limited availability of skilled personnel may also impair its implementation in Mediterranean countries. We propose that the lack of suitable phenotyping infrastructure is hindering the development of new Mediterranean agricultural varieties and will affect negatively competitiveness of the agricultural sector. We provide an overview of the heterogeneous panorama of phenotyping within Mediterranean countries, describing the state-of-the-art of agricultural production, breeding initiatives and phenotyping capabilities in five countries: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. We characterise some of the main impediments for development of plant phenotyping in those countries and identify strategies to overcome barriers and maximise the benefits of phenotyping and modelling approaches to Mediterranean agriculture and related sustainability. يتميز مناخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط بصيف حار وجاف وجفاف متكرر. وكثيرا ما تتعرض محاصيل البحر الأبيض المتوسط لطلبات عالية من التبخر والنتح، والعجز في مياه التربة، وارتفاع درجات الحرارة والإجهاد التأكسدي الضوئي. ستصبح هذه الظروف أكثر وضوحًا بسبب ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري التي تشكل تحديات كبيرة لاستدامة القطاع الزراعي في بلدان البحر الأبيض المتوسط. هناك حاجة ماسة إلى اختيار أصناف المحاصيل التي تتكيف مع الظروف المناخية المستقبلية وتكون أكثر تسامحًا مع الأحداث المناخية المتطرفة. التنميط الظاهري للنباتات هو نهج حاسم لمواجهة هذه التحديات من خلال الاستفادة من تربية المحاصيل والعلوم النباتية والزراعية. يساعد التنميط الظاهري للنباتات عالية الإنتاجية (HTPP) على مراقبة أداء الأنماط الجينية المحسنة، وهو أحد أكثر الاستراتيجيات فعالية لتحسين استدامة الإنتاج الزراعي. على الرغم من التقدم الملحوظ في المعرفة والتكنولوجيا الأساسية للتنميط الظاهري للنباتات، لا تزال هناك العديد من القيود العملية والمالية والسياسية للتنفيذ الفعال لنهج HTPP في الميدان والظروف الخاضعة للرقابة عبر البحر الأبيض المتوسط. إن البانوراما الأوروبية للتنميط الظاهري غير متجانسة ولا يزال دمج بيانات التنميط الظاهري عبر مقاييس مختلفة وترجمة "أبحاث فيتوترون" إلى الميدان، ومن الأنواع النموذجية إلى المحاصيل يمثل تحديات كبيرة. علاوة على ذلك، هناك طلب كبير على الحلول المصممة خصيصًا للزراعة المتوسطية (مثل المحاصيل والضغوط البيئية)، حيث أن المنطقة عرضة لتغير المناخ وعمليات التصحر. لم يتم بعد تحديد متطلبات التنميط الظاهري المحددة لمحاصيل البحر الأبيض المتوسط بشكل كامل. علاوة على ذلك، فإن التكلفة العالية للبنى التحتية لبرنامج HTPP هي عامل مقيد رئيسي، على الرغم من أن التوافر المحدود للموظفين المهرة قد يضعف أيضًا تنفيذه في بلدان البحر الأبيض المتوسط. نقترح أن عدم وجود بنية تحتية مناسبة للتنميط الظاهري يعوق تطوير أصناف زراعية متوسطية جديدة وسيؤثر سلبًا على القدرة التنافسية للقطاع الزراعي. نقدم لمحة عامة عن البانوراما غير المتجانسة للتنميط الظاهري داخل دول البحر الأبيض المتوسط، واصفين أحدث تقنيات الإنتاج الزراعي ومبادرات التكاثر وقدرات التنميط الظاهري في خمسة بلدان: إيطاليا واليونان والبرتغال وإسبانيا وتركيا. نحن نميز بعض العوائق الرئيسية لتطوير التنميط الظاهري للنباتات في تلك البلدان ونحدد استراتيجيات للتغلب على الحواجز وتعظيم فوائد التنميط الظاهري ونهج النمذجة للزراعة المتوسطية والاستدامة ذات الصلة.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Plant S...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    UTL Repository
    Article . 2019
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    CNR ExploRA
    Article . 2019
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/e5...
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/r0...
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    Digital.CSIC
    Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Plant S...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Plant Science
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      UTL Repository
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      CNR ExploRA
      Article . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/e5...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/r0...
      Other literature type . 2019
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      Digital.CSIC
      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Cândido Pinto Ricardo; Carla Pinheiro; Helena Matias; Marta M. Alves; +3 Authors

    We analysed the changes in the metabolites of Lupinus albus organs (leaf‐blades, petioles, apexes, hypocotyls and roots) as a consequence of B deficiency. The deficiency did not affect malate concentration and induced only minor changes in the sugar content, suggesting that the carbohydrate metabolism is little affected by the deficiency. Contrarily, marked changes in the content of free amino acids were observed, with some specific variations associated with the different organs. These changes indicate that various aspects of metabolism implicated in the amino acid accumulation were affected by B deficiency. Most of the detected changes appear to have implications with some stress responses or signalling processes. Asparagine and proline that increase in many stresses also accumulated in petioles, apexes and hypocotyls. Accumulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid shunt amino acids, indicative of production of reactive oxygen species, occurs in the same three organs and also the roots. The increase in the branched‐chain amino acids, observed in all organs, suggests the involvement of B with the cytoskeleton, whereas glycine decrease in leaf‐blades and active growing organs (apexes and roots) could be associated with the proposed role of this amino acids in plant signalling in processes that might be associated with the decreased growth rates observed in B deficiency. Despite the admitted importance of free amino acids in plant metabolism, the available information on this matter is scarce. So our results bring new information concerning the effects of B deficiency in the metabolism of the several L. albus organs.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Physiologia Plantaru...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Physiologia Plantarum
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Physiologia Plantaru...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Physiologia Plantarum
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Isa Catarina Ribeiro; Carla Pinheiro; Carla Pinheiro; Carla Maria Ribeiro; +6 Authors

    The establishment of stress resilient sugar beets (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is an important breeding goal since this cash crop is susceptible to drought and salinity. The genetic diversity in cultivated sugar beets is low and the beet wild relatives are useful genetic resources for tolerance traits. Three wild beet populations (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from contrasting environments, Vaiamonte (VMT, dry inland hill), Comporta (CMP, marsh) and Oeiras (OEI, coastland), and one commercial sugar beet (Isella variety, SB), are compared. At the genetic level, the use of six microsatellite allowed to detect a total of seventy six alleles. It was observed that CMP population has the highest value concerning the effective number of alleles and of expected heterozygosity. By contrast, sugar beet has the lowest values for all the parameters considered. Loci analysis with STRUCTURE allows defining three genetic clusters, the sea beet (OEI and CMP), the inland ruderal beet (VMT) and the sugar beet (SB). A screening test for progressive drought and salinity effects demonstrated that: all populations were able to recover from severe stress; drought impact was higher than that from salinity; the impact on biomass (total, shoot, root) was population specific. The distinct strategies were also visible at physiological level. We evaluated the physiological responses of the populations under drought and salt stress, namely at initial stress stages, late stress stages, and early stress recovery. Multivariate analysis showed that the physiological performance can be used to discriminate between genotypes, with a strong contribution of leaf temperature and leaf osmotic adjustment. However, the separation achieved and the groups formed are dependent on the stress type, stress intensity and duration. Each of the wild beet populations evaluated is very rich in genetic terms (allelic richness) and exhibited physiological plasticity, i.e., the capacity to physiologically adjust to changing environments. These characteristics emphasize the importance of the wild beet ecotypes for beet improvement programs. Two striking ecotypes are VMT, which is the best to cope with drought and salinity, and CMP which has the highest root to shoot ratio. These genotypes can supply breeding programs with distinct goals.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Plant S...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2016
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    UTL Repository
    Article . 2016
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Plant S...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      UTL Repository
      Article . 2016
      Data sources: UTL Repository
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Joaquim Miguel Costa; Jorge Marques da Silva; Carla Pinheiro; Carla Pinheiro; +8 Authors

    Le climat méditerranéen est caractérisé par des étés chauds et secs et des sécheresses fréquentes. Les cultures méditerranéennes sont fréquemment soumises à de fortes demandes d'évapotranspiration, à des déficits en eau du sol, à des températures élevées et à un stress photo-oxydant. Ces conditions deviendront plus prononcées en raison du réchauffement climatique qui pose des défis majeurs pour la durabilité du secteur agricole dans les pays méditerranéens. Il est urgent de sélectionner des variétés de cultures adaptées aux conditions climatiques futures et plus tolérantes aux événements climatiques extrêmes. Le phénotypage des plantes est une approche cruciale pour relever ces défis en utilisant les sciences de la sélection des cultures, des plantes et de l'agronomie. Le phénotypage des plantes à haut débit (HTPP) aide à surveiller la performance des génotypes améliorés et constitue l'une des stratégies les plus efficaces pour améliorer la durabilité de la production agricole. Malgré les progrès remarquables des connaissances de base et de la technologie du phénotypage des plantes, il existe encore plusieurs contraintes pratiques, financières et politiques à la mise en œuvre efficace des approches HTPP sur le terrain et dans des conditions contrôlées à travers la Méditerranée. Le panorama européen du phénotypage est hétérogène et l'intégration des données de phénotypage à différentes échelles et la traduction de la « recherche sur les phytotrons » sur le terrain, et des espèces modèles aux cultures, restent des défis majeurs. En outre, les solutions spécifiquement adaptées à l'agriculture méditerranéenne (par exemple, les cultures et les contraintes environnementales) sont en forte demande, car la région est vulnérable au changement climatique et aux processus de désertification. Les besoins spécifiques en phénotypage des cultures méditerranéennes n'ont pas encore été complètement identifiés. En outre, le coût élevé des infrastructures HTPP est un facteur limitant majeur, bien que la disponibilité limitée de personnel qualifié puisse également nuire à sa mise en œuvre dans les pays méditerranéens. Nous proposons que le manque d'infrastructures de phénotypage appropriées entrave le développement de nouvelles variétés agricoles méditerranéennes et affectera négativement la compétitivité du secteur agricole. Nous donnons un aperçu du panorama hétérogène du phénotypage dans les pays méditerranéens, décrivant l'état de l'art de la production agricole, des initiatives d'élevage et des capacités de phénotypage dans cinq pays : Italie, Grèce, Portugal, Espagne et Turquie. Nous caractérisons certains des principaux obstacles au développement du phénotypage des plantes dans ces pays et identifions des stratégies pour surmonter les obstacles et maximiser les avantages des approches de phénotypage et de modélisation de l'agriculture méditerranéenne et de la durabilité associée. El clima mediterráneo se caracteriza por veranos cálidos y secos y frecuentes sequías. Los cultivos mediterráneos están sometidos con frecuencia a altas demandas de evapotranspiración, déficit hídrico del suelo, altas temperaturas y estrés fotooxidativo. Estas condiciones serán más pronunciadas debido al calentamiento global, que plantea grandes desafíos para la sostenibilidad del sector agrícola en los países mediterráneos. Se requiere con urgencia la selección de variedades de cultivo adaptadas a las condiciones climáticas futuras y más tolerantes a los eventos climáticos extremos. El fenotipado de las plantas es un enfoque crucial para abordar estos desafíos mediante la utilización del mejoramiento de cultivos, las ciencias vegetales y agronómicas. El fenotipado de plantas de alto rendimiento (HTPP) ayuda a monitorear el rendimiento de los genotipos mejorados y es una de las estrategias más efectivas para mejorar la sostenibilidad de la producción agrícola. A pesar del notable progreso en el conocimiento básico y la tecnología de fenotipado de plantas, todavía existen varias limitaciones prácticas, financieras y políticas para la implementación efectiva de los enfoques de HTPP en condiciones de campo y controladas en todo el Mediterráneo. El panorama europeo de la fenotipificación es heterogéneo y la integración de los datos de fenotipificación en diferentes escalas y la traducción de la "investigación del fitotrón" al campo, y de las especies modelo a los cultivos siguen siendo los principales desafíos. Además, las soluciones específicamente adaptadas a la agricultura mediterránea (por ejemplo, cultivos y tensiones ambientales) tienen una gran demanda, ya que la región es vulnerable al cambio climático y a los procesos de desertificación. Los requisitos específicos de fenotipado de los cultivos mediterráneos aún no se han identificado completamente. Además, el alto coste de las infraestructuras del HTPP es un factor limitante importante, aunque la limitada disponibilidad de personal cualificado también puede perjudicar su implementación en los países mediterráneos. Proponemos que la falta de una infraestructura de fenotipado adecuada está obstaculizando el desarrollo de nuevas variedades agrícolas mediterráneas y afectará negativamente a la competitividad del sector agrícola. Proporcionamos una visión general del panorama heterogéneo del fenotipado dentro de los países mediterráneos, describiendo el estado de la técnica de la producción agrícola, las iniciativas de mejoramiento y las capacidades de fenotipado en cinco países: Italia, Grecia, Portugal, España y Turquía. Caracterizamos algunos de los principales impedimentos para el desarrollo del fenotipado vegetal en esos países e identificamos estrategias para superar las barreras y maximizar los beneficios de los enfoques de fenotipado y modelado para la agricultura mediterránea y la sostenibilidad relacionada. The Mediterranean climate is characterised by hot dry summers and frequent droughts. Mediterranean crops are frequently subjected to high evapotranspiration demands, soil water deficits, high temperatures and photo-oxidative stress. These conditions will become more pronounced due to global warming which poses major challenges to sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mediterranean countries. Selection of crop varieties adapted to future climatic conditions and more tolerant of extreme climatic events is urgently required. Plant phenotyping is a crucial approach to address these challenges by utilising crop breeding, plant and agronomic sciences. High throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) helps to monitor the performance of improved genotypes, and is one of the most effective strategies to improve the sustainability of agricultural production. In spite of the remarkable progress in basic knowledge and technology of plant phenotyping, there are still several practical, financial and political constraints to effective implementation of HTPP approaches in field and controlled conditions across the Mediterranean. The European panorama of phenotyping is heterogeneous and integration of phenotyping data across different scales and translation of "phytotron research" to the field, and from model species to crops remain major challenges. Moreover, solutions specifically tailored to Mediterranean agriculture (e.g., crops and environmental stresses) are in high demand, as the region is vulnerable to climate change and to desertification processes. The specific phenotyping requirements of Mediterranean crops have not yet been fully identified. Furthermore, the high cost of HTPP infrastructures is a major limiting factor, though the limited availability of skilled personnel may also impair its implementation in Mediterranean countries. We propose that the lack of suitable phenotyping infrastructure is hindering the development of new Mediterranean agricultural varieties and will affect negatively competitiveness of the agricultural sector. We provide an overview of the heterogeneous panorama of phenotyping within Mediterranean countries, describing the state-of-the-art of agricultural production, breeding initiatives and phenotyping capabilities in five countries: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. We characterise some of the main impediments for development of plant phenotyping in those countries and identify strategies to overcome barriers and maximise the benefits of phenotyping and modelling approaches to Mediterranean agriculture and related sustainability. يتميز مناخ البحر الأبيض المتوسط بصيف حار وجاف وجفاف متكرر. وكثيرا ما تتعرض محاصيل البحر الأبيض المتوسط لطلبات عالية من التبخر والنتح، والعجز في مياه التربة، وارتفاع درجات الحرارة والإجهاد التأكسدي الضوئي. ستصبح هذه الظروف أكثر وضوحًا بسبب ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري التي تشكل تحديات كبيرة لاستدامة القطاع الزراعي في بلدان البحر الأبيض المتوسط. هناك حاجة ماسة إلى اختيار أصناف المحاصيل التي تتكيف مع الظروف المناخية المستقبلية وتكون أكثر تسامحًا مع الأحداث المناخية المتطرفة. التنميط الظاهري للنباتات هو نهج حاسم لمواجهة هذه التحديات من خلال الاستفادة من تربية المحاصيل والعلوم النباتية والزراعية. يساعد التنميط الظاهري للنباتات عالية الإنتاجية (HTPP) على مراقبة أداء الأنماط الجينية المحسنة، وهو أحد أكثر الاستراتيجيات فعالية لتحسين استدامة الإنتاج الزراعي. على الرغم من التقدم الملحوظ في المعرفة والتكنولوجيا الأساسية للتنميط الظاهري للنباتات، لا تزال هناك العديد من القيود العملية والمالية والسياسية للتنفيذ الفعال لنهج HTPP في الميدان والظروف الخاضعة للرقابة عبر البحر الأبيض المتوسط. إن البانوراما الأوروبية للتنميط الظاهري غير متجانسة ولا يزال دمج بيانات التنميط الظاهري عبر مقاييس مختلفة وترجمة "أبحاث فيتوترون" إلى الميدان، ومن الأنواع النموذجية إلى المحاصيل يمثل تحديات كبيرة. علاوة على ذلك، هناك طلب كبير على الحلول المصممة خصيصًا للزراعة المتوسطية (مثل المحاصيل والضغوط البيئية)، حيث أن المنطقة عرضة لتغير المناخ وعمليات التصحر. لم يتم بعد تحديد متطلبات التنميط الظاهري المحددة لمحاصيل البحر الأبيض المتوسط بشكل كامل. علاوة على ذلك، فإن التكلفة العالية للبنى التحتية لبرنامج HTPP هي عامل مقيد رئيسي، على الرغم من أن التوافر المحدود للموظفين المهرة قد يضعف أيضًا تنفيذه في بلدان البحر الأبيض المتوسط. نقترح أن عدم وجود بنية تحتية مناسبة للتنميط الظاهري يعوق تطوير أصناف زراعية متوسطية جديدة وسيؤثر سلبًا على القدرة التنافسية للقطاع الزراعي. نقدم لمحة عامة عن البانوراما غير المتجانسة للتنميط الظاهري داخل دول البحر الأبيض المتوسط، واصفين أحدث تقنيات الإنتاج الزراعي ومبادرات التكاثر وقدرات التنميط الظاهري في خمسة بلدان: إيطاليا واليونان والبرتغال وإسبانيا وتركيا. نحن نميز بعض العوائق الرئيسية لتطوير التنميط الظاهري للنباتات في تلك البلدان ونحدد استراتيجيات للتغلب على الحواجز وتعظيم فوائد التنميط الظاهري ونهج النمذجة للزراعة المتوسطية والاستدامة ذات الصلة.

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    Authors: Cândido Pinto Ricardo; Carla Pinheiro; Helena Matias; Marta M. Alves; +3 Authors

    We analysed the changes in the metabolites of Lupinus albus organs (leaf‐blades, petioles, apexes, hypocotyls and roots) as a consequence of B deficiency. The deficiency did not affect malate concentration and induced only minor changes in the sugar content, suggesting that the carbohydrate metabolism is little affected by the deficiency. Contrarily, marked changes in the content of free amino acids were observed, with some specific variations associated with the different organs. These changes indicate that various aspects of metabolism implicated in the amino acid accumulation were affected by B deficiency. Most of the detected changes appear to have implications with some stress responses or signalling processes. Asparagine and proline that increase in many stresses also accumulated in petioles, apexes and hypocotyls. Accumulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid shunt amino acids, indicative of production of reactive oxygen species, occurs in the same three organs and also the roots. The increase in the branched‐chain amino acids, observed in all organs, suggests the involvement of B with the cytoskeleton, whereas glycine decrease in leaf‐blades and active growing organs (apexes and roots) could be associated with the proposed role of this amino acids in plant signalling in processes that might be associated with the decreased growth rates observed in B deficiency. Despite the admitted importance of free amino acids in plant metabolism, the available information on this matter is scarce. So our results bring new information concerning the effects of B deficiency in the metabolism of the several L. albus organs.

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    Physiologia Plantarum
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      Physiologia Plantarum
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